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Investigatory Project DNA

This project file by Jaya Mishra explores DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), its structure, functions, and significance in living organisms. It covers the history of DNA discovery, types of DNA, and its applications in fields like genetic engineering and forensics. The conclusion emphasizes DNA's essential role in life and its importance for scientific and medical progress.

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jayamishra3030
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85 views3 pages

Investigatory Project DNA

This project file by Jaya Mishra explores DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), its structure, functions, and significance in living organisms. It covers the history of DNA discovery, types of DNA, and its applications in fields like genetic engineering and forensics. The conclusion emphasizes DNA's essential role in life and its importance for scientific and medical progress.

Uploaded by

jayamishra3030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT FILE

ON
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Submitted By:
Jaya Mishra
Class: 12th - Science (PCB)

Submitted To:
Biology Teacher

School Name:
Rani Lakshmi Bai Memorial School
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Biology teacher for guiding me
throughout this project. I am also thankful to my school and parents for their constant
support and encouragement.

Introduction
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the hereditary material in all known living organisms.
It carries genetic information crucial for growth, development, functioning, and
reproduction.

Objective
To study the structure, functions, and importance of DNA in living organisms.

History of DNA Discovery


The discovery of DNA dates back to 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. Later, in 1953, James
Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix structure of DNA, marking a
revolutionary moment in the field of genetics.

Structure of DNA
DNA is composed of two long strands forming a double helix. Each strand is made of
nucleotides, which contain a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and a
nitrogenous base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine). A pairs with T, and C pairs
with G through hydrogen bonds.

Functions of DNA
1. Genetic Information Storage
2. Transmission of Hereditary Information
3. Protein Synthesis Regulation
4. Cellular Function Control

Types of DNA
1. A-DNA: Right-handed helix, found in dehydrated samples.
2. B-DNA: Most common form in cells.
3. Z-DNA: Left-handed helix, found in specific conditions.

DNA Replication
DNA replication is a biological process of producing two identical replicas from one
original DNA molecule. It is essential for cell division and ensures that each new cell
receives a complete set of DNA.

Applications of DNA
1. Genetic Engineering
2. DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics
3. Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
4. Evolutionary Studies

Conclusion
DNA plays a fundamental role in the existence of life. Understanding DNA helps in
numerous scientific and medical advancements. It is indeed the blueprint of life.

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