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Limit State Method

The Limit State Method (LSM) is a design approach that ensures structures maintain safety and serviceability throughout their lifespan by considering various limit states of collapse and serviceability. It involves calculating design loads and strengths using characteristic loads and partial safety factors, with specific values assigned for different materials and load conditions. Key assumptions in the design include linear strain distribution in beams, maximum compressive strain limits, and the treatment of tensile strength in concrete.

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423 views3 pages

Limit State Method

The Limit State Method (LSM) is a design approach that ensures structures maintain safety and serviceability throughout their lifespan by considering various limit states of collapse and serviceability. It involves calculating design loads and strengths using characteristic loads and partial safety factors, with specific values assigned for different materials and load conditions. Key assumptions in the design include linear strain distribution in beams, maximum compressive strain limits, and the treatment of tensile strength in concrete.

Uploaded by

chinthireddysoumya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Limit State Method

 A limit state is a state of impending failure beyond which a structure ceases to


perform its intended function satisfactory, in terms of either safety or
serviceability; i.e., ether it collapses or becomes unserviceable
 LSM ensures an acceptable probability that the structure during its life will not
become unfit for intended use.
 The LSM philosophy attempts to provide adequate safety at ultimate loads as
well as adequate serviceability at service loads using a multiple safety factor
format by considering all possible ‘Limit States ‘

Limit state

Limit state of collapse Limit State of Serviceability

Flexure Compression Shear Torsion Deflection Cracking Vibration

 Design Load:
 Design load is taken as the product of characteristic load and partial
safety factor Fd=F 𝜸f
 F= Characteristic Load
 𝜸f =Partial safety factor
 Characteristic load is that value of load which has a 95% probability of
not being exceeded during the life of the structure.
 Value of partial safety factor 𝜸f for loads:

LS of Collapse LS of Serviceability
Load condition DL LL WL/EL DL LL WL/EL
DL+LL 1.5 1.5 ----- 1.0 1.0 -----
DL+WL/EL 1.5 or 0.9 ----- 1.5 1.0 -- 1.0
DL+LL+WL/EL 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8

0.9 is used When stability against overturning or stress reversal is critical.

Design strength:

 Design strength (f d) of a material is given by ratio of characteristic strength to


𝑓
partial safety factor f d = 𝛾
𝑚

f d = characteristic Strength

𝛾𝑚 = Partial safety factor

 Characteristic strength is defined as the strength below which not greater than
5% of test results are expected to fail.
 Value of partial safety factor 𝜸𝒎 for materials:

Material LS of collapse LS of serviceability


Steel 1.15 1.00
Concrete 1.5 1.00

Assumption in design of flexure:

 Plane section normal to the beam axis remains plane after bending, i.e. strain
varies linearly over the depth of the section.
 The maximum compressive strain concrete at the outer most fibre shall be
taken as 0.0035. This is so because regardless of whether the beam is under
reinforced or over reinforced collapse invariably occurs by the crushing of
concrete.
 The tensile strength of concrete is ignored.
 The strain in the tension reinforcement (at its centroid) at the ultimate limit state
𝐟𝐲
shall not be less than 0.87 + 0.002. This assumption is intended to ensure
𝐄𝐬

ductile failure.
 Compressive strength of concrete in the structure is taken as 0.67 times the
characteristic strength of concrete. Therefore, design strength of concrete is
0.67fck/1.5 = 0.45fck.
 The design strength of tensile reinforcement is taken as fy/1.15 = 0.87fy.

Design Stress strain curves:

Concrete

Steel

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