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RELATION & FUNCTION

CLASS 12 - MATHEMATICS

SECTION A

1 A function f from the natural numbers to the set of integers defined by f(n) [1]
𝑛−1
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
2
={− 𝑛 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 is
2

a) onto but not one - one

b) both one - one and onto

c) one - one but not onto

d) neither one - one nor onto

2 Let R be the relation over the set of all straight lines in a plane such that l1 R [1]
l 2 ⇔ l 1 ⊥ l 2 . Then, R is

a) Reflexive and transitive but notsymmetric

b) Symmetric and reflexive but not transitive

c) symmetric and transitive but notReflexive

d) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

3 Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on [1]
T be defined as aRb if a is congruent to b a,b∈ T. Then R is

a) neither reflexive nor symmetric

b) reflexive but not transitive

c) an equivalence relation
d) transitive but not symmetric

4 Which of the followingis not an equivalence relation on Z? [1]

a) a R b⇔ a < b

b) a R b⇔ a - b is an even integer

c) a R b⇔ a =b

d) a R b⇔ a +b is an even integer

5 Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Which of the following is not an equivalence relation on A ? [1]
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a) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}

b) None of these
c) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)}

d) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2)}

6 A relation R defined on a set of human beings as𝑅 = [1]

{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥𝑖𝑠5 cm𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑦} is

a) reflexive only

b) symmetric and transitive

c) neither transitive, nor symmetric, nor reflexive

d) reflexive and transitive

7 If R is an equivalence relation on A, then R −1 on A is [1]

a) Symmetric only

b) Equivalence relation

c) Reflexive only

d) Transitive only

8 The function f : R→ R defined by f(x) = x 2 + x is [1]

a) onto

b) one - one

c) bijective

d) many - one

9 Let S be the set of all triangles in a plane and let R be a relation on S defined [1]
by𝛥1 𝑆𝐴2 ⇔ A 1 = A 2 Then. Ris Then, R is
a) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

b) An equivalence relation

c) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

d) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive

10 Let𝐴 = {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} and f : A → A such that f (x) = x |x|, then f is [1]

a) injective but not surjective

b) a bijection
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c) surjective but not injective

d) neither injective nor surjective

11 The function f : Z→ Z defined by f(x) = x + 2 is ________. [1]

a) one - one

b) onto

c) bijective

d) surjective

12 Let A = {1, 2, 3} and let R = {(1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2,1), (2, 3), (3, 2)}. [1]
Then, R is

a) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive

b) an equivalence relation

c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

d) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

13 Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on [1]
T be defined as aRb if a is congruent to b∀ a, b ∈ T. Then R is

a) reflexive but not transitive

b) reflexive butnot symmetric

c) equivalence

d) transitive but not symmetric

14 Let S be the set of all real numbers and let R be a relation on S, defined by a [1]
Rb⇔ (1 + ab) > 0. Then, R is

a) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

b) Symmetric andReflexivebut nottransitive

c) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive

d) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive

15 Let the function f : N→ N be defined by f(x) = x - 1,x > 2 and f(1) = f(2 ) = 1. [1]
The correct alternative will be

a) f is one - one but not onto

b) f is one - one onto

c) f is many one onto

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d) f is many one but not onto

1
16 (𝑛 + 1), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑑 [1]
Let f :𝑁 → 𝑁: 𝑓 (𝑛) = {2𝑛
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛.
2

then, f is

a) many - one and onto

b) one - one and into

c) one - one and onto

d) many - one and into

17 Let R is reflexive relation on a finite set A having n element, and let there be [1]
m ordered pairs in R. Then

a) m = n

b) m≠ n

c) m≥ n

d) m≤ n

18 let A = R - (3) and B = R - 1 Then, f : A→ 𝐵: 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (𝑥−2) 𝑖𝑠 [1]

(𝑥−3)

a) one - one and onto

b) one - one and into

c) many - one and into

d) many - one and onto

19 Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if𝑎 ≥ 𝑏 . Then R is [1]

a) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive

b) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric

c) an equivalence relation

d) neither transitive nor reflexive but symmetric

20 Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of relations containing (1, 2) and (1, 3) which [1]
are reflexive and symmetric but not transitive is

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3
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d) 4

21 f : C→ R : f (z) = |z| is [1]

a) one - one and into

b) many - one and onto

c) one - one and onto

d) many - one and into

22 f : N→ N : f(x) = x + x + 1 is
2
[1]
a) one - one and into

b) many - one and onto

c) one - one and onto

d) many - one and into

23 Number of onto (subjective) functions from A to B if n(A) = 6 and n(B) = 3 [1]

are
a) 26 - 2

b) 540

c) 36 - 3

d) 340

24 Let R be the relation in the set {1, 2, 3, 4} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), [1]
(4, 4), (1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 2)}. Then R is

a) An equivalence relation.

b) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric

c) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive

d) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.

25 If the set A contains 4 elements and the set B contains 5 elements, then the [1]
number of one - one and onto mappings from A to B is

a) 45

b) 0

c) 1

d) 54

Section B
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26 If f : R→ R is defined by f(x) = x 2 - 3x + 2, find f(f(x)). [2]

27 Let A = [ –1, 1] . Then, discuss whether the functiondefined on A by:g(x) = [2]
|x|

is one - one, onto or bijective.

28 Let R == {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏2 |𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑁} .Show that R satisfies none of [2]

reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity.
29 A relation R on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined as R = {(x, y) : |x 2 - y 2 | < 8. [2]
Check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
30 Let A = {3, 5, 7}, B = {2, 6, 10} and R be a relation from A to B defined by R = [2]
{(x, y) : x and y are relatively prime}. Then, write R and R –1 .
31 Show that the relation is congruent toon the set of all triangles in a plane is [2]
an equivalence relation.
32 Prove that the Greatest integer Function f : R→ R, given by f(x) = [ x] , is [2]
neither one - one nor onto, where [ x] denotes the greatest integer less than
or equal to x.
33 If A = {1, 2, 3, 4 }, define relations on A which have properties of [2]
beingsymmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
34 Let R be the relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} by R = {(a, b ): [2]
both a and b are either odd or even}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Further, show that all the elements of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7 } are related to
each other and all the elements of the subset {2, 4, 6} are related to each
other, but no element of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7} is related to any element of
the subset {2, 4, 6}.
35 Show that the function f : R→ R : f(x) = 3 - 4x is one - one onto and hence [2]
bijective.
36 Let S be the set of all points in a plane and let R be a relation in S defined by [2]
R = {(A , B ): d(A, B) < 2 units}, where d(A, B) is the distance between the
points A and B. Show that R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
37 Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (1,2), (1,3), (3,2)}. Show [2]
that R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
38 Show that the function f : N→ Z, defined by [2]
1
(𝑛 − 1), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑓 (𝑛 ) = {2
1
− 𝑛, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
is both one one and onto.

39 𝑛 + 1, 𝑖𝑓𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑑 [2]
Let f : N→ N be defined by 𝑓 (𝑛) = { Show that f is a
𝑛 − 1, 𝑖𝑓𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
bijection.
40 Let S be theset of all real numbers and let R be a relation in S, defined by R = [2]
{(a, b) : a≤ b 2 )} show that R satisfies none of reflexivity, symmetry and
transitivity.
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41 Let A be a finite set. If f:A→ A is an onto function, show that f is one - one [2]
also.
42 A function f is defined from R→ R as f(x) = ax + b, such that f(1) = 1 and f(2) [2]
= 3. Find function f(x). Hence, check whether function f(x) is one - one and
onto or not.
43 Let A be the set of all lines in xy - plane and let R be a relation in A, defined [2]
by R ={(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ∥ 𝐿2 } . Show that R is an equivalence relation inA .
44 Classify the function f : N→ Ngiven by f (x) = x 3 as injection, surjection or [2]
bijection.
45 Let S be the set of all real numbers. Show that the relation R = {(a, b): a 2 + b [2]
2
= 1} is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
46 Determine whether the below relationis reflexive, symmetric and [2]
transitive:

Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as

R = {(x, y) : y is divisible by x}

47 Let X = {1, 2, 3} and Y = {4, 5}. Find whether the subsetof X× Y at the end, [2]
isfunctionfrom X to Y or not.

f = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 5)}

48 Showthe relation R in the set A = {x∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by [2]

R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation.

Find the set of all elements related to 1in each case.

49 Show that the function𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 is one - one and into. [2]

50 Show that the functionf : N→ N : f(x) = x 2 is one one into [2]
Section C

51 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Priyanka and Renu are playing Ludo at home during Covid - 19. While
rolling the dice, Priyanka’s sister Pummy observed and noted the possible
outcomes of the throw every time belongs to set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A be
the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.

A = {S, D}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

1. Pummy wants to know the number of functions from A to B. How

many number of functions are possible? (1)
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2. Pummy wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B.

How many number of relations are possible? (1)

3. Let R be a relation on B defined by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2),(1, 3), (3, 4), (3,
1), (4, 3), (5, 5),}. Is R an equivalence relation? (2)

OR

Show that a relation, R : B → B be defined by R = {(x, y) : y is divisible

by x} is a reflexive and transitive but not symmetric. (2)

52 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff it is

• Reflexive i.e., (a, a)∈ R ∀ a ∈ A.

• Symmetric i.e., (a, b)∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R ∀ a, b ∈ A.

• Transitive i.e., (a, b)∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ {a, c) ∈ R ∀ a,b, c ∈ A.

53 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
𝑥−1
Consider the mapping f : A → B is defined by f(x) = such that f is a
𝑥−2
bijection.

1. What is the domain of the function f(x)? (1)

2. What is the range of the function f(x)?(1)

3. If g(x) : R - {2}→ R - {1}, How can the function g(x) in terms of x be

expressed if it is defined as g(x) = 2f(x) - 1?(2)

OR

Under what condition is a function f(x) considered to be one-one?(2)

54 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid - 19. While rolling
the dice, Sherlin’s sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of
the throw every time belongs to set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A be the set of
players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.

A = {S, D}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

1. Let R ∶ B→ B be defined by R = {(x, y): y is divisible by x}. Determine

whether R is Reflexive, symmetric or transitive. (1)
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2. Raji wants to know the number of functions from A to B. How many

number of functions are possible? (1)

3. Let R be a relation on B defined by R = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3,
1), (4, 3), (5, 5)}. Then describe R . (2)

OR

Raji wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B.

How many numbers of relations are possible? (2)

55 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Sohan is confused in the Mathematics topic ’Relation and equivalence
relation’. To clear his concepts on the topic, he took help his elder brother.
He has following notes on this topic.

Relation: A relation R from a set A to a set B is a subset of the cartesian

product A × B obtained by describing a relationship between first element x
and the second element ’y’ of the ordered pairs in A × B. A relation R in a set
A is called. :

Reflexive: If (a, a) ∈ 𝑅 ∀𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 .

Symmetric: If (a 1 , a 1 ) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (a 2 , a 1 ) ∈ 𝑅 ∀ a 1 , a 2 ∈ R.

Transitive: If (a 1 , a 1 ) ∈ R and (a 2 , a 3 ) ∈ R ⇒ (a 2 , a 3 ) ∈ 𝑅 ∀ a 1 , a 2 , a 3
∈A

Equivalence Relation: A relation R in a set A is an equivalence relation if R

is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

1. Find the maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {1,

2, 3}. (1)
2. Consider the non - empty set consisting of children in a family and a
relation R defined as aRb if a is brother of b. Then show that R is
transitive but not symmetric. (1)
3. Show that relation defined by R1 = {(x, y) |x 2 = y 2 } x, y ∈ R is an
equivalence relation. (2)

OR

Check whether the relation (R) x is greater than y for all x, y ∈ N is

reflexive, symmetric or transitive. (2)

Section D

56 Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(a, b ):a, b∈ A and |𝑎 − 𝑏 | ≤ 5 .Write R as set of

2 2
[5]
ordered [Link] whether R is

1. reflexive
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2. symmetric

3. transitive
Give reason in each case.

57 Given, A = {2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 5, 6, 7}. Construct an example of each of the [5]
following:

1. an injective mapping from A to B

2. a mapping from A to B which is not injective

3. a mapping from B to A.

58 Give an example of a map [5]

1. which is one - one but not onto

2. which is not one - one but onto

3. which is neither one - one nor onto.

59 Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z as follows∀ a, b ∈ Z [5]

aRb if and only if a - b is divisible by n. Show that R is an equivalence
relation.
60 Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Consider the function f: A⇒ B defined by [5]
𝑥−2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥−3) . Is f one - one and onto? Justify your answer.
61 Let A be the set of all human beings in a town at a particular time. [5]
Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive, symmetric
and transitive:

1. R = {(x, y): x is wife of y}

2. R = {(x, y): x is father of y}

62 Let R be relation defined on the set of natural number N as follows: [5]

R = {(x, y): x ∈ N, y ∈ N, 2x + y = 41}. Find the domain and range of the
relation R. Also verify whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

63 Each of the following defines a relation on N: [5]

1. x is greater than y, x, y∈ N

2. x + y = 10, x, y∈ N

3. xy is square of an integer x, y∈ N

4. x + 4y = 10x, y∈ N.

Determine which of the above relations are reflexive, symmetric and

transitive.
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64 Let A = [ - 1, 1] . Then, discuss whether the following functions defined on A [5]

are one - one, onto or bijective:
𝑥
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2

2. g(x) = |x|

3. h(x) = x|x|

4. k(x) = x2

65 Show that the function f : R→ R defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 , ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 , is neither [5]

𝑥 +1
one - one nor onto.
66 Show that the function f : R - {3}→ R - {1} given by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥−2 is a [5]
𝑥−3
bijection.
67 Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R on Z as follows: [5]
(a, b) ∈ R ⇔ a - b is divisible by [Link] that R is an equivalence relation on
Z.

68 Let A and B be two sets. Show that f: A× B → B × A such that f(a, b) = (b, a) [5]
is a bijective function.
69 Show that the function𝑓: 𝑅 → {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: −1 < 𝑥 < 1} defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 , [5]
1+|𝑥|
x ∈ R is one - one and onto function.
70 Let L be the set of all lines in xy plane and R be the relation in L define as R = [5]
{(L1 , L 2 ) : L 1 || L 2 }. Show thatR is an equivalence relation. Find the set of
all lines related to the line y = 2x + 4.
71 Let f : W→ W be defined as f(n) = n - 1, if n is odd and f(n) = n + 1, if n is [5]
even. Show that f is invertible. Find the inverse of f. Here, W is the set of all
whole numbers.
72 Let n be a positive integer. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all [5]
integers numbersdefined by(x, y)∈ R ⇔ x - yis divisible by n, is an
equivalence relation on Z.
73 Let A and B be two sets. Show that f:𝐴 × 𝐵 → 𝐵 × 𝐴 such that f(a, b) = (b, a) [5]
is

(i) injective (ii) bijective

74 Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b) : |a – [5]
b| is divisible by 2} is an equivalence relation. Write all the equivalence
classes of R.
75 Show that the function f : R→ {x ∈ R : - 1 < x < 1} defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 , x [5]
1+|𝑥|
∈ R is one - one and onto function.