Tunnel Rate Analysis
1. Excavation
• Method: Drill & Blast / TBM / Cut & Cover
• Inputs:
o Blasting material or TBM operation cost
o Equipment: Drill jumbos, excavators, loaders
o Labor: Blasters, drillers, operators
o Muck disposal and haulage
2. Rock / Soil Support
• Rock bolts, shotcrete, wire mesh, lattice girders
• Rate includes:
o Material costs
o Application/labor cost
o Equipment: Shotcrete machines, rock drilling rigs
3. Lining / Invert Concrete
• Primary/secondary lining with reinforced concrete
• Formwork + Concrete + Rebar
• Equipment: Transit mixers, pumps, vibrators
4. Waterproofing
• HDPE / PVC membrane systems
• Includes:
o Supply and fixing of membranes
o Surface preparation
o Overlaps, junction detailing
5. Drainage System
• Longitudinal drains, cross drains, sump construction
• Rate includes pipe laying, filter media, chamber construction
6. Ventilation and Lighting (if applicable)
• Fans, ducts, cabling, junction boxes, LED fittings
• Installation and testing
7. Miscellaneous
• Access roads, portals, safety measures, instrumentation
• Surveying and monitoring systems
Sample Rate Analysis Template (Drill & Blast Excavation – per cum)
Item Qty Unit Rate (INR) Amount (INR)
Blasting Material (ANFO, caps) 0.5 kg 100/kg 50
Drilling (equipment + labor) 1.2 m 70/m 84
Excavator + Loader + Dumper 1 cum 150/cum 150
Muck Disposal 1 cum 60/cum 60
Overhead & Contractor Profit LS 25% 86
Total per cum 430
Note: Rates are indicative only. Actuals will vary with location, strata, equipment,
contractor setup, and risk loading.
Steps to Do Tunnel Rate Analysis
1. Define work item (e.g., Excavation, Lining)
2. Estimate resource quantities (per unit of work)
3. Apply prevailing rates for:
o Materials (steel, cement, explosives, etc.)
o Labor (skilled/unskilled)
o Equipment hourly costs
4. Add indirect costs (site overheads, testing, safety)
5. Apply margin (Contractor's profit, contingency, risk premium)
6. Benchmark with SOR (e.g., CPWD, NH, DMRC, DSR)
Additional Notes
• For TBM works, include:
o TBM procurement / rental amortized
o Cutterhead wear parts
o Slurry/muck handling system
o Continuous monitoring (geotechnical, settlement)
• Rate analysis often needs to be split for main tunnel, escape tunnel, cross
passages, etc.