Question 2: Select True or False (15 Marks)
1. A DC-DC converter system typically includes a filter after the uncontrolled
diode rectifier. (True / False)
2. An IGBT has a high input impedance similar to a MOSFET. (True / False)
3. In RC triggering of an SCR, the capacitor helps extend the firing delay angle
beyond 90°. (True / False)
4. Power electronics is only concerned with the conversion of AC to DC power.
(True / False)
5. Diodes are classified as fully controllable switches. (True / False)
6. Power MOSFETs are current-controlled devices. (True / False)
7. The breakover voltage of a DIAC is typically higher than the forward voltage
drop across it when conducting. (True / False)
8. In a grid-tied solar system, a DC-DC converter sends power directly to the
grid. (True / False)
9. In a Buck converter, the output voltage is always higher than or equal to the
input voltage. (True / False)
10. Modified sine wave inverters have a lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
than pure sine wave inverters. (True / False)
11. Power transistors are used in applications that require controlling large
amounts of electrical power. (True / False)
12. Not recovery diodes exhibit a more gradual decrease in reverse current
compared to abrupt recovery diodes. (True / False)
13. Power diodes and signal diodes have identical V-I characteristics and
construction. (True / False)
14. The primary role of the drift region in a power diode is to reduce its forward
voltage drop. (True / False)
15. Forward conduction losses in a power switch are zero if the switch is ideal.
(True / False)
Question 3: Answer the following questions (20 Marks)
1. Explain what the meaning of the Thyristor turn-on methods.
2. List and explain the different types of D.C to D.C converters.
3. Explain working principle of single-phase voltage source inverters.
4. Compare between BJT, MOSFET and IGBT power transistors.
uestion 1: Choose the correct answer. (10 Marks)
1. A 1-phase full bridge VSI can produce an AC output voltage with a peak
value up to:
a) Half the DC link voltage (Vi/2)
b) Twice the DC link voltage (2Vi)
C) The DC link voltage (vi)
d) One-fourth the DC link voltage (Vi/4)
2. The average output voltage of a half-wave rectifier with peak input Vm
is:
a) Vm
b) Vm/ π
c) V m/ 2
d) 2V m/ π
3. What is the primary function of power electronics?
a) Amplifying electrical signals
b) Controlling and converting electric power
c) Generating electrical energy
d) Storing electrical energy
4. Which layer in a Power BJT’s construction is known as the drift region?
a) The heavily doped emitter
b) The heavily doped collector
c) The base layer
d) The lightly doped n-region
e) The hole collector
5. Power BJT, Power MOSFET, and IGBT are classified as what type of
semiconductor switches?
a) Mechanically controlled
b) Fully controlled
c) Semi-controlled
d) Uncontrolled
6. A VSD (Variable Speed Drive) is used to perform which of the following?
a) Match speed and torque, save energy, and improve efficiency
b) Only match the torque of a drive
c) Only increase the power output of a motor
d) Only match the speed of a drive
7. The condition where an SCR turns ON due to V AK exceeding VBO
without a gate signal is known as:
a) Gate triggering
b) Avalanche breakdown (leading to forward conduction)
c) Rapid triggering
d) Commutation
8. What is the term for the number of degrees of an AC cycle during which
an SCR is turned ON?
a) Firing delay angle
b) Conduction angle
c) Total cycle time
d) Triggering angle
9. A disadvantage of using a continuous DC gate signal to trigger an SCR is:
a) It cannot turn the SCR ON reliably
b) It requires very high gate voltages
c) It results in continuous power loss in the gate junction and lacks isolation
d) It can only trigger the SCR during the negative half-cycle of AC
Question 1: Choose the correct answer. (10 Marks) (Continued)
8. What is the main advantage of using a DIAC to trigger a TRIAC?
a) It provides a fast-switching speed.
b) It requires a low gate voltage.
c) It can trigger the TRIAC regardless of the polarity of the applied voltage.
d) It is very inexpensive.
9. What is the holding current of a TRIAC?
a) The minimum current required to keep the device conducting.
b) The maximum current the device can handle.
c) The current required to turn the device ON.
d) The current that flows through the gate terminal.
10. Which of the following is NOT a type of power transistor?
a) BJT
b) MOSFET
c) IGBT
d) GTO
11. Which power transistor is most suitable for high-frequency applications?
a) BJT
b) MOSFET
c) IGBT
d) GTO
12. A power MOSFET with an on-state resistance of 0.05 Ω carries a current
of 10 A. What is the power loss in the MOSFET due to conduction?
a) 0.5 W b) 5 W c) 50 W d) 500 W
13. What is the purpose of the drift region in a power BJT?
a) To increase the base current
b) To improve switching speed
c) To handle high voltage
d) To reduce conduction losses
14. Which of the following power transistors is known for its low on-state
resistance?
a) BJT
b) MOSFET
c) IGBT
d) GTO
15. The "latching current" of a GTO refers to the:
a) Minimum current required to turn the GTO on.
b) Maximum current the GTO can handle.
c) Current required to maintain the GTO in the on-state.
d) Current required to turn the GTO off.
16. What is the primary function of a DC-to-DC converter?
a) Convert DC to AC
b) Convert AC to DC
c) Convert one DC voltage level to another
d) Amplify DC signals
17. Which type of DC-to-DC converter is known for its high efficiency and
compact size?
a) AC Link Chopper
b) Linear Converter
c) Switch Mode Converter
d) All of the above
1. What does VSD stand for in the context of motor control?
a) Variable Speed Drive
b) Voltage Stabilizing Device
c) Variable Signal Device
d) Voltage Switching Device
2. If the periodic time of a sine wave is 10 ms, its frequency is:
a) 10 Hz
b) 100 Hz
c) 1000 Hz
d) 10000 Hz
3. The RMS value of a sinusoidal voltage is:
a) 0.5 times the peak value.
b) 0.637 times the peak value.
c) 0.707 times the peak value.
d) Equal to the peak value.
4. Power factor indicates:
a) The efficiency of power usage in an AC circuit.
b) The ratio of real power to reactive power.
c) The difference between peak and RMS values.
d) The form factor of the current waveform.
5. What is the purpose of a snubber circuit used in conjunction with a
power diode?
a) Increase switching speed
b) Reduce reverse recovery time
c) Protect the diode from overvoltage spikes during reverse recovery
d) Improve forward conduction characteristics
6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a thyristor?
a) High power handling capability
b) Fast switching speeds compared to transistors
c) Lower on-state conduction losses
d) Bistable switching behaviour
7. Which of the following triggering methods is generally
undesirable for thyristors due to the risk of damage?
a) Gate triggering
b) Forward voltage triggering
c) dv/ /dt triggering
d) Light triggering
29. A buck-boost converter is operating in CCM with a duty cycle
of 0.75. What is the approximate output voltage if the input
voltage is 10V?
30V
50V
10V
10V
30. An inverter converts:
AC to DC
DC to AC
AC to AC
DC to DC
Select True or False for the following statements:
1-Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) can conduct current in both directions.
2- The control circuit of an inverter is responsible for generating the gating signals
and regulating the output voltage.
3- A DIAC is a three-terminal device.
4- The output voltage ripple of a buck converter can be reduced by increasing the
switching frequency.
5- IGBTs are a type of thyristor, similar to SCRs.
6- The holding current of a TRIAC is typically higher than the gate trigger
current.
7- A freewheeling diode is used to prevent reverse-voltage transients across
the power transistor.
8- The on-state voltage drop of a power MOSFET is typically higher than that
of a power BJT.
9- Switching losses in a power transistor are directly proportional to the
switching frequency.
10- The output voltage ripple in a DC-to-DC converter is directly proportional
to the drive signal.
11- Current source inverters (CSIs) are more efficient than VSIs.
12- Inverters are commonly used in electric vehicles to control the traction
motor.
13- Inverters are used in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to provide
backup power.
14- A full-bridge inverter requires four switching devices.
Question 2: True or False (15 Marks)
1. IGBTs are typically more expensive than BJTs of comparable power
rating. (True / False)
2. The duty cycle (D) in a buck converter controls the amount of time the
switch is ON. (True / False)
3. Switching losses in a power transistor are directly proportional to the
switching frequency. (True / False)
4. A voltage inverter produces an output voltage equal to the DC link
voltage. (True / False)
5. A voltage sine wave inverter produces a perfectly sinusoidal output
waveform. (True / False)
6. Using higher gate drive voltages will always improve the switching speed
of a power MOSFET. (True / False)
7. The breakover voltage of a DIAC is typically higher than the forward
voltage drop across it when conducting. (True / False)
8. A grid-tied inverter is used to connect a solar PV system to the electric
grid. (True / False)
9. An IGBT has a triggering mechanism similar to an SCR. (True / False)
10. Current source inverters (CSIs) are more efficient than voltage source
inverters (VSIs). (True / False)
11. Power transistors are used to control large amounts of electrical
power. (True / False)
12. A thyristor can be turned off by reducing the current below the holding
current. (True / False)
13. A full-bridge inverter requires two switches per leg (totaling four
switches). (True / False)
14. The output voltage of a DC-DC converter is sensitive to the duty
cycle. (True / False)
15. Inverters are commonly used in electric vehicles to control the electric
motors. (True / False)
Question 3: Answer the following questions (20 Marks)
1. Explain the Thyristor commutation methods.
2. Compare between Diode, SCR, TRIAC, and DIAC in terms of Structure,
Symbol, and V-I Characteristics.
3. State the function of power electronics in Electric Vehicles.
4. A power BJT with a breakdown voltage of 40 V is used in a circuit with a
200 V supply. The collector current is 10 A. What is the approximate
power dissipation in the BJT when it is fully conducting? Assume a typical
on-state voltage drop (V_CE = 2 V).
Question 2: Select True or False (15 Marks)
1. A DC-DC converter system typically includes a filter after the uncontrolled
diode rectifier. (True/False)
2. An IGBT has a high input impedance similar to a MOSFET. (True/False)
3. In RC triggering of an SCR, the capacitor helps extend the firing delay angle
beyond 90°. (True/False)
4. Power electronics is only concerned with the conversion of AC to DC power.
(True/False)
5. Diodes are classified as fully controllable switches. (True/False)
6. Power MOSFETs are current-controlled devices. (True/False)
7. The breakover voltage of a DIAC is typically higher than the forward voltage
drop across it when conducting. (True/False)
8. In a grid-tied solar system, a DC-DC converter sends power directly to the
grid. (True/False)
9. In a Buck converter, the output voltage is always higher than or equal to the
input voltage. (True/False)
10. Modified sine wave inverters have a lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
than pure sine wave inverters. (True/False)
11. Power transistors are used in applications that require controlling large
amounts of electrical power. (True/False)
12. Soft recovery diodes exhibit a more gradual decrease in reverse current
compared to abrupt recovery diodes. (True/False)
13. Power diodes and signal diodes have identical V-I characteristics and
construction. (True/False)
14. The primary role of the drift region in a power diode is to reduce its forward
voltage drop. (True/False)
15. Forward conduction losses in a power switch are zero if the switch is ideal.
(True/False)
Question 3: Answer the following questions (25 Marks)
1. Explain the meaning of Thyristor turn-on methods.
2. List and explain the different types of DC to DC converters.
3. Explain working principle of single-phase voltage source inverters.
4. Compare between BJT, MOSFET and IGBT power transistors.
Question 2:
1. Compare between the different types of Diodes (General Purpose Diodes,
Fast Recovery Diodes, and Schottky Diodes)
2- Show the V-I Characteristics of Thyristor/SCR.
3-Explain the meaning of gate triggering for thyristor turn-on methods.
Question 1:
1. Show the functions of power electronics for Variable-Speed Wind
Turbine Systems.
2. List the various Applications of TRIAC.
3. What is the function of a DC to AC inverter?
