High Gate Academy for Excellence
أكاديمية مدرسة وروضة الباب العالي
Second Semester
2024-2025
Student’s Name:
Material included Science and Math Department
Fresh water and Salt Grade: 5 Work sheet
water Subject: Science
Teacher’s Name: Malak Tawalbeh
Density: Mass per unit volume (g/cm³ or g/mL).
Comparison:
o Saltwater (1.03 g/cm³) > Tap Water (0.99 g/cm³) (due to dissolved salt).
Floating/Sinking:
o Objects float if less dense than water (e.g., pine wood: 0.5 g/cm³).
o Objects sink if denser (e.g., metal weights).
1. Water Distribution on Earth
Total Water: 71% of Earth’s surface is covered in water.
Saltwater (Oceans): 97% of Earth’s water.
Freshwater: 3% of Earth’s water and it’s divided into:
Glaciers & Ice Caps: 79% of freshwater.
Groundwater: 20% of freshwater.
Accessible Surface Water: 1% of freshwater (lakes, rivers, swamps, soil moisture, water
vapor).
Groundwater: Water trapped underground in aquifers (porous rock/soil layers).
Wells: Methods to access groundwater:
o Dug, Driven, or Drilled.
o Artesian Wells: Water flows to the surface naturally due to high pressure (no pump
needed).
Surface Water
Rivers:
o Originate in mountains (sources) from rain/snowmelt.
o Flow to seas, eroding rocks along the way (weathering).
Lakes/Wetlands:
o Natural reservoirs; wetlands are temporary/permanent water-covered areas.
Glaciers & Polar Ice Caps
Formation: Compressed snow over thousands of years.
Location: Arctic (North Pole) and Antarctic (South Pole).
Importance:
o Reflect sunlight, cooling Earth.
Threats:
o Melting due to global warming → rising sea levels, habitat loss (polar bears, penguins),
disrupted weather.
Estuaries: Where rivers meet the sea.
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International Section
Features:
o Changing salinity (tides/river flow).
o High turbidity (cloudiness), shallow/calm waters.
8. Salinity
Seawater: ~3.5% salt (35g salt per 1L water).
Variation:
o Lower salinity at poles (melting ice dilutes water) and equator (heavy rainfall).
o Higher salinity in mid-latitudes (evaporation > rainfall).
Water Scarcity in the Middle East
Challenges:
o Extreme heat: Up to 49°C (120°F) summers.
o Low rainfall: Few natural water sources.
o High usage: ~550 liters/person/day (double global average).
Solutions:
o Water towers: Store and supply water (e.g., Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia).
o Desalination and reclamation (critical for the region).
Water Reclamation & Conservation
Reclamation: Recycling wastewater for non-drinking uses (e.g., irrigation, toilet flushing).
o Examples: Golf courses in the Middle East use treated sewage water.
Conservation Methods:
o Smart sensors: Detect leaks in buildings.
o Water-saving showerheads: Reduce consumption.
o Rainwater harvesting: Storing rain for gardening.
o Greywater systems: Reuse water from showers/sinks for gardens or cars.
Desalination: Process Removing salt from seawater to produce drinkable water.
o Stages:
1. Pre-treatment filtration.
2. Salt separation (e.g., reverse osmosis).
3. Post-treatment filtration.
4. Return of concentrated brine (7% salinity, twice seawater) to the ocean.
Global Role:
o Middle East/North Africa supply 75% of the world’s desalinated water.
o UAE has 10 of the world’s largest plants.
Disadvantages:
o Brine discharge harms marine life.
o High energy and financial costs.
Question 1: Circle the correct answer
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1. Which type of well does NOT require a pump?
a) Dug well
b) Artesian well
c) Driven well
d) Drilled well
2. Saltwater is denser than tap water because:
a) It is colder
b) It contains dissolved salt
c) It has fewer particles
d) It is deeper in the ocean
3. Reclaimed wastewater can be used for:
a) Drinking only
b) Irrigation and industrial uses
c) Watering pets
d) Filling swimming pools
4. The first step in desalination is usually:
a) Reverse osmosis
b) Brine discharge
c) Pre-treatment filtration
d) Chemical disinfection
5. The main environmental concern about desalination is:
a) Air pollution from plants
b) High energy consumption
c) Discharge of concentrated brine
d) Noise pollution for marine life
6. Polar ice caps help regulate Earth's temperature by:
a) Absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere
b) Reflecting sunlight back into space
c) Generating Ocean currents
d) Releasing cool air masses
7. Which substance would float in both tap water and saltwater?
a) Aluminum (2.7 g/cm³)
b) Pine wood (0.5 g/cm³)
c) Glass (2.4 g/cm³)
d) Steel (7.8 g/cm³)
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8. Which soil layer would be most effective at filtering groundwater contaminants?
a) Sandy soil
b) Clay
c) Gravel
d) Loam
Question 2: Cube with a side (6 centimeters; the mass of the cube is 360 grams , answer
the question below
a) Calculate the volume of the cube
b) Calculate the density of the cube
c) Will the cube sink or float in salt water?
