SAP Interview Questions and Answers (In-Depth by Module)
1. SAP FI (Financial Accounting)
Q1: Explain the organizational structure in SAP FI.
A: The main organizational units are:
• Client: Highest level; contains master records.
• Company Code: Smallest unit for which financial statements can be
prepared.
• Business Area: Used for segment reporting.
• Functional Area: Used for cost of sales accounting.
Q2: What is the purpose of a Chart of Accounts?
A: It is a list of general led-ger (G/L) accounts used by one or more company
codes. It defines account number, name, control information.
Q3: What are field status groups?
A: Field status groups control the field status (required/optional/hide/display)
while posting to a G/L account.
Q4: What are the different types of account groups in SAP FI?
A: Account groups determine the number range and the field status of master
data:
• G/L Account Groups
• Vendor Account Groups
• Customer Account Groups
Q5: Real-time scenario:
A company needs to post vendor invoice for raw material. The system must
automatically determine the correct G/L account based on the transaction type
and vendor.
Solution: Configure OBYC for automatic account determination and maintain
the valuation class in the material master.
2. SAP CO (Controlling)
Q1: What is the purpose of Cost Element Accounting?
A: It classifies costs and revenues posted to CO. It helps to reconcile FI and CO.
Q2: Types of cost elements?
• Primary: Directly originates from FI (e.g., salaries).
• Secondary: Internal costs (e.g., overhead allocation).
Q3: What is the role of internal orders?
A: They track costs for a specific task or short-term objective. Useful for
marketing campaigns, repairs, etc.
Q4: Scenario:
A project requires tracking of R&D costs.
Solution: Create an internal order (KO01), assign it to cost centre, and post
expenses to it. Periodically settle to final receiver.
3. SAP MM (Materials Management)
Q1: What are procurement types in SAP MM?
• Standard
• Subcontracting
• Consignment
• Third-party
• Stock Transfer
Q2: Explain Purchase Order Structure.
A: PO is divided into:
• Header: Data valid for entire document.
• Item: Each material/service with its own conditions.
• Schedule Line: Delivery dates, quantities.
Q3: What is split valuation?
A: Enables valuation of material based on criteria like origin, quality,
procurement type.
Q4: Common error scenario:
User receives error during GR – "Account determination not possible".
Solution: Check OBYC (e.g., GBB-VBR), ensure correct valuation class, and
assign accounts.
4. SAP SD (Sales & Distribution)
Q1: Explain end-to-end order-to-cash process.
1. Pre-sales activity (Inquiry, Quotation)
2. Sales Order (VA01)
3. Availability Check & Credit Check
4. Delivery (VL01N)
5. PGI (Post Goods Issue)
6. Billing (VF01)
7. Payment Receipt (F-28)
Q2: What is item category determination?
A: It defines how a sales item behaves (e.g., standard, text, service). Based on
sales document type + item category group + usage + higher-level item.
Q3: What is a copy control?
A: Determines how data flows from one document to another (e.g., order to
delivery).
Q4: Scenario:
Free of charge delivery is required.
Solution: Use document type (FD), item category (TANN).
5. SAP PP (Production Planning)
Q1: What is a BOM and Routing?
A:
• BOM: List of components for production.
• Routing: Sequence of operations to produce a material.
Q2: Explain MRP types.
• PD: Planning by requirements.
• VB: Manual reorder point.
• V1: Automatic reorder point planning.
Q3: What is a production version?
A: It links BOM and routing and is used in order creation.
Q4: Scenario:
Finished goods not created during MRP run.
Solution: Check if BOM and routing exist, production version is valid, and
procurement type is ‘E’ (in-house).
6. SAP WM (Warehouse Management)
Q1: Key differences between IM and WM?
• IM: Inventory is tracked at storage location.
• WM: Detailed tracking at bin level.
Q2: What is a Transfer Order (TO)?
A: Instruction to move material within warehouse (e.g., from GR zone to bin).
Q3: What is storage type, section, bin?
A:
• Storage Type: Logical division of warehouse (e.g., high rack, shelf).
• Storage Section: Subdivision of type.
• Storage Bin: Exact location.
Q4: Common Issue:
TO not getting created automatically.
Solution: Check movement type settings and WM interface settings in
customizing.
7. SAP QM (Quality Management)
Q1: What is an inspection type?
A: Controls inspection process. Example: 01 for goods receipt.
Q2: What are quality info records?
A: Stores supplier-material inspection requirements.
Q3: Scenario:
Material blocked due to inspection lot.
Solution: Use QA32 to record results and UD. Only after UD will stock be
moved to unrestricted.
8. SAP HCM (Human Capital Management)
Q1: What is an info type?
A: Logical grouping of employee data, e.g., IT0002 – personal data.
Q2: What is the difference between PA and OM?
• PA (Personnel Admin): Employee master data.
• OM (Org Management): Organizational structure, positions, jobs.
Q3: Scenario:
Need to report all employees in a department.
Solution: Use logical database PNPCE with selection on org unit.
9. SAP PM (Plant Maintenance)
Q1: What are maintenance order types?
• PM01: Corrective
• PM02: Preventive
• PM03: Refurbishment
Q2: What is a task list?
A: Template of operations for maintenance jobs.
Q3: Scenario:
Breakdown equipment requires urgent repair.
Solution: Create notification (IW21) and order (IW31), assign task list, plan
cost and execute.
10. SAP PS (Project Systems)
Q1: Difference between WBS and network?
• WBS: Structural element.
• Network: Scheduling and costing.
Q2: What is a milestone in PS?
A: Trigger for billing, confirmation or workflow step.
Q3: Scenario:
Need to plan costs for a construction project.
Solution: Use WBS with cost planning, networks for activities, assign resources
and run planning.
11. SAP ABAP / Technical
Q1: What is a BADI?
A: Object-oriented enhancement technique for adding custom code.
Q2: Difference between BAPI and RFC?
A: BAPI is standardized interface, while RFC is generic remote communication
method.
Q3: Scenario:
Need to add logic during PO save.
Solution: Use BADI ME_PROCESS_PO_CUST.
12. SAP S/4HANA
Q1: Key simplifications in S/4HANA compared to ECC?
• Universal Journal (ACDOCA)
• No aggregates or indexes
• Real-time MRP (MRP Live)
• Fiori-based UI
Q2: What is Universal Journal (ACDOCA)?
A: Central table that combines FI, CO, AA, ML.
Q3: Scenario:
Need single report showing cost centre actuals and financial postings.
Solution: Use Fiori app or CDS view on ACDOCA.
