Cordillera A+ Computer Technology College
Bersamin Bldg. Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800
e-mail add.: cactcollege@[Link], Tel. No.: 0746275254, FB Page: @cactcollege
“EXCELLENCE IS OUR BUSINESS AND OUR COMMITMENT”
CHARACTER FORMATION 2- LEADERSHIP, DECISION MAKING, MANAGEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION
Week: 2
Topic: ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Discuss the concept of Leadership
2. Identify the four primary factors of leadership
3. Explain the leadership principles
I. Lesson Discussion
Concept of Leadership
Leadership is the practice of driving people to achieve goals. This plays an important role in success and
efficiency of subordinates. Leaders do this by providing many means of shaping the actions of subordinates. It's a
process whereby an individual influences others and guides the organization in a manner that makes it more
cohesive and coherent.
While leadership is learned, a leader's skills and knowledge can be influenced by his or her attributes or traits,
such as beliefs, values, ethics, and character. Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process of leadership,
while the other attributes give the leader certain characteristics that make him or her unique. A leader might have
learned the skills in counseling others, but her traits will often play a great role in determining how he counsels.
Four Primary Factors of Leadership (U.S. Army, 1983)
1. Leader
An individual appointed as a leader must understand himself honestly, what he knows and what he can do.
Take note that it is the followers that decide whether the leader is successful, not the leader or anyone else. If
they don't trust their leader, or lack confidence, they'1l be uninspired. To be successful you have to persuade
your followers that you are worthy of being followed, not yourself or your superiors.
2. Followers
Different people expect different leadership styles. A newly-employed deserves more supervision than an
accomplished subordinate does. An individual without motivation needs a different approach than one with a
higher motivation level. You have to know your people, as a leader. The basic starting point is to have a clear
understanding of human nature such as needs, feelings and motivation. You have to come to learn the “be”,
“know” and “do” qualities of your people.
3. Communication
Being a leader, you lead by bidirectional communication. A great deal of that is nonverbal. For example,
when you "set an example," that shows your people you wouldn't ask them to do something you wouldn't
want to do. What and how you interact either strengthens or destroys your relationship with your followers.
4. Situation
Every situation is different. Everything you do in one situation isn't automatically going to work in another.
You have to use your discretion to determine the best course of action and the style of leadership needed for
each situation. You may need to face a subordinate for inappropriate behavior, for example, but if the
confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too mild, then the outcomes may prove ineffective.
Take note also that the disorder typically affects a leader's actions more than its characteristics. This is
because while traits can be impressively stable over a period of time, they have little consistency in situations
(Mischel, 1968).
Theories of Leadership
Theories below explain how people turn themselves into leaders. The first two demonstrate to a small number of
people the nature of leadership, while the third is the dominant theory today.
1. Trait Theory - Some personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles.
The trait theory of leadership states that certain natural qualities tend to create good leaders. Having certain
qualities does not necessarily mean someone has strong leadership skills, however. Some leaders may be
excellent listeners or communicators, but not every listener or communicator makes an excellent leader
(Indeed, 2020).
2. Great Events Theory- A crisis or important event can cause a person to rise to the occasion, putting forth
extraordinary qualities of leadership in an ordinary person.
The great man theory of leadership states that excellent leaders are born, not developed. A popular concept in the 19th
century, this theory states that leadership is an inherent quality. This type of leader often possesses the natural
attributes of intelligence, courage, confidence, intuition and charm, among others (Indeed, 2020).
3. Transformational or Process Leadership Theory- Today, it is the widely accepted theory. People can opt
for leadership. People can learn the ability to take leadership.
The transformational theory of leadership, also called the relationship theory, studies effective leadership as
the result of a positive relationship between leaders and team members. Transformational leaders motivate
and inspire through their enthusiasm and passion. They are a model for their teams, and they hold themselves
to the same standard they expect of others (Indeed, 2020).
II. A. REFERENCES:
Caballero, N. & Barican, L.J. (2021). Character Formation 2- Leadership, Decision-Making,
Management, and Administration. Quezon City. Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.
Indeed Career Guide. (2020). Six (6) Leadership Theories for Career Growth. Retrieved August 22,
2020 from: [Link]
B. SUGGESTED READINGS:
Kunwar, M. (2014). Leadership. Retrieved August 22, 2020 from: [Link]
kkunwar/leadership-30199734
III. REQUIREMENTS:
Activity #1- Answer the following. 50 points
A. Multi Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer. 10 points (2 points each)
1. To be successful you have to persuade your followers that you are worthy of being followed, not yourself
or your superiors. This quality pertains to a?
a. Leader b. Follower c. Communication d. Situation
2. If someone knows how to abide with the laws or ethical standards of an organization, his subordinates or
men will also do what he does. This pertains to the quality of a?
a. Leader b. Follower c. Communication d. Situation
3. Leaders should lead by bidirectional communication. A great deal of that is nonverbal. What’s nonverbal?
a. Consistent b. Accurate c. Confusing d. Efficient
4. _________ is the character of a leader that is always on time.
a. Punctuality b. Responsible c. Obedient d. Time Conscious
5. A crisis or important event can cause a person to rise to the occasion, putting forth extraordinary
qualities of leadership in an ordinary person.
a. Trait Theory b. Great Events Theory c. Transformational Theory d. Both a and b
B. Essay. Answer in 10-15 sentences. 40 points (10 points each)
Note: In answering the questions, refer to suggested readings for additional inputs.
1. Why should a good leader be a good follower. Cite examples.
2. What is the impact of a lack of communication on the leader and his follower? Cite examples.
3. What will you choose: become a leader or be a follower? Why?
4. The great man theory of leadership states that excellent leaders are born, not developed. Do you agree
with this theory? Yes or No? Explain your answer.
