Science Class Notes (Entry Level)
Page 1: Introduction to Science
What is Science?
Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experiments. It helps us understand how
things work.
Branches of Science:
1. Biology - study of living things
2. Chemistry - study of substances and how they change
3. Physics - study of forces, energy, and matter
4. Earth Science - study of Earth, weather, and space
Scientific Method Steps:
1. Ask a question
2. Do background research
3. Make a hypothesis
4. Conduct an experiment
5. Record data
6. Draw conclusions
Science Class Notes (Entry Level)
Page 2: States of Matter
What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Three Main States of Matter:
- Solid: Has shape and volume (e.g., Ice, rock, metal)
- Liquid: Has volume, takes shape of container (e.g., Water, juice, oil)
- Gas: No fixed shape or volume (e.g., Air, steam, helium)
Changes in State:
- Melting - Solid to liquid
- Freezing - Liquid to solid
- Evaporation - Liquid to gas
- Condensation - Gas to liquid
- Sublimation - Solid to gas (e.g., dry ice)
Science Class Notes (Entry Level)
Page 3: Living Things
What Makes Something Living?
All living things share these characteristics:
1. Made of cells
2. Need energy
3. Grow and develop
4. Respond to their environment
5. Reproduce
6. Adapt and evolve
Types of Living Things:
- Plants - Make their own food using sunlight
- Animals - Eat other organisms
- Fungi - Decompose organic material
- Microorganisms - Tiny life forms (bacteria, protists)
Classification of Living Things (Simplified):
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
Example: Humans = Homo sapiens