5-10 Using resources – Trilogy
1.0 This question is about water.
Water from reservoirs needs to be treated before it is safe to drink.
The flow diagram below shows how water is made suitable for drinking.
Water in Drinking
Filtered Sterilised
reservoir water
1.1 What is removed when the water is filtered?
[1 mark]
Tick one box.
Bacteria
Solids
Solutions
Toxic substances
1.2 Which two substances which can be used to sterilise water?
[2 marks]
Tick two boxes.
Chlorine
Oxygen
Ozone
Salt
Sand
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1.3 Give one reason why drinking water is sterilised.
[1 mark]
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1.4 Sea water is not suitable for drinking.
Suggest one reason why.
[1 mark]
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2.0 Suggest three reasons why metals such as copper should not be disposed of in landfill
sites.
[3 marks]
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3.0 Desalination of seawater can be carried out by processes that use membranes such as
reverse osmosis.
3.1 Describe one other way to desalinate sea water in a school laboratory.
You may include a labelled diagram in your answer.
[4 marks]
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3.2 A student investigated how much solid was dissolved in sea water.
The student:
1. Measured the mass of an empty evaporating basin.
2. Measured 50 cm3 of sea water and poured it into the evaporating basin.
3. Heated the evaporating basin gently until all of the water had evaporated.
4. Measured the mass of the evaporating basin containing the solid residue.
5. Reheated the evaporating basin and solid residue.
6. Measured the mass of the evaporating basin and solid residue.
7. Repeated steps 5 and 6 until the mass was constant.
Name two different pieces of apparatus that would be suitable for measuring:
• The mass of the evaporating basin
• 50 cm3 of sea water
[2 marks]
Equipment to measure the mass of the evaporating basin_______________________
Equipment to measure 50 cm3 of sea water ________________________________
3.3 Why did the student keep reheating the evaporating basin and solid residue until a
constant mass was obtained?
[1 mark]
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3.4 The results the student obtained using 50 cm3 of sea water are:
Mass of empty evaporating basin = 23.57 g
Mass of evaporating basin and dry solid residue = 25.23 g
Calculate the mass of solid dissolved in 1000 cm3 of the sea water.
[1 mark]
Mass dissolved in 1000 cm3 = ________________ g
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4.1 What does ‘potable water’ mean?
[1 mark]
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4.2 Compounds containing fluoride ions are added to some drinking water supplies.
Scientists investigated the effect of fluoride ions on tooth decay.
Graph 1 shows the concentration of fluoride ions against the percentage of children
with decayed teeth.
Graph 1
Suggest the best concentration of fluoride ions to use in drinking water. Give one
reason for your answer.
[2 marks]
Best concentration = __________________ mg per 1000g water
Reason:______________________________________________________________
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4.3 Describe two patterns shown by Graph 1.
[2 marks]
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5.0 This question is about extracting metals.
5.1 Copper can be extracted by smelting copper-rich ores in a furnace.
The equation for one of the reactions in the process is:
Cu2S(s) + O2(g) 2 Cu(s) + SO2(g)
Explain why the gaseous product should not be released into the atmosphere.
[2 marks]
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5.2 Describe how copper compounds are obtained by phytomining.
[2 marks]
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5.3 Aluminium is extracted from an ore, called bauxite, by electrolysis of molten aluminium
oxide.
Aluminium is also widely recycled and the metal is obtained from the recycling process.
Use your knowledge and understanding to compare these methods of producing
aluminium.
Your answer should include
• The energy requirement;
• Availability of resources;
• Purity of the products.
[6 marks]
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MARK SCHEME
Qu No. Extra Information Marks
1.1 Solids 1
Chlorine 1
1.2
Ozone 1
1.3 To kill microbes / bacteria Allow to make the water safe to drink 1
Contains (large amounts of) dissolved solids Allow salty 1
1.4 Allow makes you thirsty / vomit
Allow polluted / untreated / contaminated
Qu No. Extra Information Marks
Any three from: Ignore not biodegradable or does not
• Copper ores are limited / running out decay
• Copper can be recycled / reused 3
2.0
• Copper is expensive
• Landfill sites are filling up
• Copper compounds are toxic
Qu No. Extra Information Marks
Distillation 1
Heat a flask (containing sea water) until it Allow evaporate sea water 1
boils
3.1 Use of a condenser / delivery tube 1
Collect (pure water) in a boiling tube / 1
beaker / flask The last three marks can be obtained
from a suitably labelled diagram
(Top pan) balance 1
3.2
Measuring cylinder 1
To make sure that all of the water had 1
3.3
evaporated
3.4 33.2 (g) 1
Qu No. Extra Information Marks
4.1 Fit/safe to drink 1
2.75 (mg per 1000 g of water) Allow answers in range 2.5 – 3.0 1
4.2 As this has the greatest effect on tooth Allow lowest rate of tooth decay 1
decay
As the percentage of fluoride ions increases Allow ecf in value from 3.5 1
the number of children with tooth decay
decreases until the fluoride ion Allow as the percentage of fluoride ions
concentration is 2.75 (mg per 1000 g of increases initially the number of children
4.3 water) with tooth decay decreases
After a fluoride ion concentration of 2.75 1
(mg per 1000 g of water), the number of
children with tooth decay increases as the
fluoride ion concentration increases
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Qu No. Extra Information Marks
Sulfur dioxide is an environmental pollutant 1
5.1
causing acid rain 1
Grow plants on land containing copper ores, 1
then burn the plants
5.2
Ash (from burning) contains copper 1
compounds
5.3
A detailed and coherent comparison is given, which demonstrates a broad knowledge 5-6
Level 3: and understanding of the key scientific ideas. The response makes logical links
between the points raised and uses sufficient examples to support these links.
A description is given which demonstrates a reasonable knowledge and understanding 3-4
Level 2: of the key scientific ideas. Comparisons are made but may not be fully articulated and /
or precise.
Simple statements are made which demonstrate a basic knowledge of some of the 1-2
Level 1:
relevant ideas. The response may fail to make comparisons between the points raised.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
Extraction from bauxite
• High temperature needed to melt bauxite/ore;
• Large amount of electricity used;
• Higher energy costs;
• Uses more natural resources;
• Bauxite must be quarried so more damage to the environment;
• Purity of aluminium produced is higher.
Recycling
• Reduces waste going to landfill;
• Uses less natural resources;
• Lower energy costs;
• Aluminium must be separated from other materials;
• Purity of aluminium is lower.
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