TERMINOLOGIES:
1. Gross Command Area (G.C.A.)
The whole area enclosed between an imaginary boundary line which can be included in an irrigation
project for supplying water to agricultural land by the network of canals is known as Gross Command
Area.
2. Unculturable Area: The area where the agriculture cannot be done and crops cannot be grown is
known as unculturable area.
3. Culturable Area: The area where the agriculture can be done satisfactorily is known as culturable
area.
4. Culturable Command Area (C.C.A.): The total area within an irrigation project where the
cultivation can be done and crops can be grown is known as Culturable Command Area (C.C.A).
C.C.A. may be of two categories.
(a) Culturable Cultivated Area: It is the area within C.C.A. where the cultivation has been actually
done at present.
(b) Culturable Uncultivated Area It is the area within the C.C.A. where cultivation is possible, but it
is not being cultivated at present due to some reasons.
5. Crop Season: The period during which some particular types of crops can be grown every year on
the same land is known as crop season. The following are the main crop seasons.
(a) Kharif Season: This season ranges from June to October. The crops are sown in the very beginning
of monsoon and harvested at the end of autumn. The major kharif crops are-Rice, Millet, Maize, Jute,
Groundnut, etc.
(b) Rabi Season: This season ranges from October to March. The crops are sown in the very beginning
of winter and harvested at the end of spring. The major Rabi crops are Wheat, Gram, Mustard,
Rapeseed, Linseed, Pulses, Onion, etc.
[Link] Ratio: It is defined as the ratio of the areas of the two main crop seasons, i e It is the ratio of
the area irrigated in Rabi season to the area irrigated in Kharif season.
7. Crop Rotation: The process of changing the type of crop for the cultivation on the same land is
known as crop rotation.
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8. Crop Period: The crop period is defined as the total period from the time of sowing a crop to the
time of harvesting it. That means, it is the period in which the crop remains in the field.
9. Base period: Base period of a crop refers to the whole period of cultivation from the time when
irrigation water is first supplied to the crop, to its last watering before harvesting.
10. Kor watering: The first watering after the crops have grown few centimetres high is known as kor
watering. It represents the maximum single watering which is generally followed by usual watering as
required by the crops.
11. Kor Depth: The depth of water required during the first irrigation (also known as the "kor
watering") after sowing or planting to meet the initial moisture needs of the crop is known as kor depth.
12. Kor Period: The Kor period is the time during which a specific depth of water (known as Kor
depth) must be applied to the crop after the sowing or planting to ensure proper root development and
crop growth.
Note: If the Kor period encompasses the full critical irrigation requirement of the crop and no additional
water is needed outside this period, it might be considered the base period for practical purposes
13. Paleo: It is the first watering before sowing the crop. This is done in order to add sufficient moisture
to the unsaturated zone of the soil and is required for the initial growth of the crop.
14. Overlap allowance: This allowance considered in canal design to accounts for increased water
demand during the overlap period when crops from two seasons require irrigation simultaneously. It is
the extra discharge provision, expressed as a percentage, to ensure adequate water supply during this
time.
15. Time Factor: The ratio of the number of days the canal has actually been kept open to the number
of days the canal was designed to remain open during the base period is known as Time factor.
16. Intensity of Irrigation: Intensity of irrigation is defined as the percentage of culturable commanded
area proposed to be irrigated during either a crop season or during a year i.e the intensity of irrigation
may be defined as a ratio of cultivated land for a particular crop to the total culturable command area.
17. Root Zone Depth: Root zone depth is the maximum depth of soil strata in which the crop spreads
its root system and derives water from the soil
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