ae Section-A SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Scanned with CamScannerered » Sociology and its cultural heritage, Contribution of countries to sports, Individual development through sports, Role in promoting national integration and roles of developing personality, _ Revision Notes Sociology : It is a scientific study of society and the relationship between the components of society. © Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behaviour, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Sports Sociology: Sociology of sport, otherwise known as sports sociology, is a discipline of Sean to know ‘more about this topie sociology that studies sports as a social phenomenon. mem Culture: A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviours, beliefs, values, and | Sepa! symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by | [sige with modifications added by the experience of each present generation. Sports in early human beings’ times: Running, jumping, throwing, wrestling, boxing, and chariot racing were methods of saving life from wild animals. Later, these were developed as sports and games. Contribution of countries to sports : © Greece : Founder of organized sporting events—Ancient Olympics in 776 BCE. © Rome : Sports and games were restricted for slaves and the military. England : Called ‘Home of Outdoor Sports’. Also considered the founder of ball games. Invented cricket, hammer throw, and pole vault. — © USA: Popularised games through Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). Introduced basketball and tennis as sporting events. © Sweden : One of the leading contributors to present-day gymnastics. © Japan : Introduced the sports of Sumo, Judo, Taekwondo, and Fencing. © Denmark : In 1884, Franz Nachtegall, introduced the concept of modern physical education in schools. ‘© India : Introduced the sports of Malkhamb, Kabaddi, Yoga, Kho-Kho, ete. communication and imitation from one generation to the next. Development of Cultural heritage: It is the transfer of customs, traditions, values, etc. to the future generation | nine "sn and Games > Individual development through sports : Sports contribute toward an individual's development through : © Physical development : Physical fitness. © Social development : Social adjustment. Scanned with CamScanner=, BAT pIINIS «pan EE uoneumsuoep ‘nou20$ fol feory pasasing Aseapszenb fuea euossad ‘uisteuofias sajoworg “1 ouy-oupy ur ppegey “e804 “quUeUE <— vipa Bupuay‘opn{‘oumg-<_ —urdef pare sonseuMty <_ uapomg ‘pau pur eqayseg peonponuy <— ys, ame ajay Pur mony SUE T!PYD parudady] <— pursug siduisiQ 30 zapunog <_ asaaig) uuonezadooo reuos pue jeuoneu ‘4 “pooysayiosq 5: Super ouPyD uoReonpY Teasdyy Jo ay Le ee el Ceoeeey Sunog so Individual develop "2S Sumpsaayy eet Sudumy soues2teL (6) Suruuny 22u=pyuOD Ps (¢) saute pur syodg quaudopaap: Ag Ayqeuossad woe ote oundena () juasaid wpea jo aouauadya ain q 7 Pappe suone>uipou yim suoner -2u38_aiminy ‘suontpen ‘swoisno jo saysuen au, aunds wreay, (c) NV Er ssoumnydpayy (¢) aouaneg (2) apmamy (1) ‘diysuogepssioyy pue vamos yo Apmasyquapsestyy V ~ uoRDag ae Scanned with CamScanner‘© Mental development : Mental alertness. © Emotional development : Emotional balance. Role in promoting National Integration : ‘© Asagoodeffect, it promotes brotherhood, fraternity, national, and international co-operation © Asabad effect, it promotes regionalism, personal vanity, quarrels, and rivalry. © Jesse Owens, the winner of four gold medals at the Berlin Olympic Games, suffered racial discrimination at the hands of Adolf Hitler. > Role in personality development : Plays an important role in developing (1) attitude, (2) patience, 8) helpfulness, (4) friendship, (5) team spirit, (6) discipline, (7) unity, (8) self-confidence, and | Role oe Physicat tolerance promoting [Seaton Sean to know] ‘more ah this ton mi tit Sociological ‘Aspects of Education and Physical Personality Education Development 1 Mark Questions Q.1. Physical Education ensures of (a) 1884 (by 1886 an individual. (1ISC Sem 1 Board Paper 2021) @ () 1912 (d) 1946 (@) character development ‘Ans. Option (a) is correct. (b) ethnic development Q.7. _____is the totality of behavior that (@) skill development make each of us unique from other people. {d) overall development Ans. Personality if sank tab cs . is soci Explanation: Personality includes the patterns o} Q.2. Whatis sociology? xp : ° Ans. Itisa scientific study of society and the relationship aac and emonons that cause us to do and say between the components of society. things in pa ee ee eee aac iol 0.3. When did the ancient Olympics start? Q.8. Our Personalise levelopes (=) 336 BCE Oe heabove ANS. Genetic inheritance and environmental influences 778 (4) None of the ov Explanation: Heredity and the environment shape ‘Ans. Option (c) is comect our personalities, but heredity is usually more Explanation: The first recorded Olympic Games important in this process. However, our values, were held at Olympia in the Greek city-state of Elis bekefs, and expectations are mostly a result of in776BC. socialization and the unique experiences that we Q.4. Which country has restricted the games and sports, have, for slaves and the military? Q.9. The most common personality type within a (2) Rome (b) India society is (©) France (d) Denmark ‘Ans. The modal personal ‘Ans. Option (a) is correct. Explanation: There usually is a range of normal 5. Which country promoted gymnastics worldwide? personality types within a society, however, the (@ Japan (b) Sweden ‘one that most people share is the modal personality. (0 India (4) England Q.10. Communality is a major obstacle to ‘Ans. Option (b) is correct. _ Q6 epee introduced the conceptof Q.11, Why is England called the “home of outdoor modern physical education in sports? sports”? Scanned with CamScanner‘Ans. England is called the home of outdoor sports because it is considered the founder of ball games like cricket, hammer throw, and pole vault Q. 12. Write the names of the sports introduced by India. ‘Ans. India has introduced many sports like Malkhamb, Kabaddi, Yoga, Kho-Kho, etc Sy. 5 Marks Questions Q.1. Enumerate the role of physical education in building the character of an individual (ISC Specimen Question Paper, 2022) Ans. The skills learned through play. Physical Education and. sports are foundational to the overall development of young people. Sports actively educate young people about the importance of certain key values, such as helpfulness, patience, discipline, honesty, fair play, respect for self and others and adherence to the rules and respect for their importance. Physical Education is a way to build an understanding of the common bounds. Discipline: Sports are an excellent way to enhance self-discipline. Helpfulness: Helpfulnessis a social value. Helpfulness isto help one another where there is a need. Patience: Patienceisalsoa social value; itis developed through physical education programmes. Detailed Answer: Physical education includes all forms of physical activities, games and sports, which promote the development of body and mind. There are various dimensions or aspects of personality like physical, social, mental, and emotional developments. All these dimensions of personality are developed through various programmes of _ physical education. Some of the personal qualities that are promoted through physical education are: (2) Attitude building: Attitude is the mental and physical state through which one’s life is affected. Physical education helps in the development of attitudes like sympathy, winning, fitness, obedience and discipline, (b) Helpfulness: Helping each other, especially when during a match, a player meets an accident or suffers an injury, then all the players of both teams come forward to extend help to the injured fellow player. (©) Patience: Patience plays an important role in sports, ‘There are situations when a player needs to keep his mind cool. A player needs to keep patience even while the team is losing This fs because only a mind with patience can take thoughtful decisions, The players can think of a strategy that can be planned to win the game. Physical education teaches a player to develop patience. (d) Tolerance: There are situations in games when an umpire or referee gives a wrong decision. What ix cultural heritage? ‘The transfer of customs, traditions, values, ei the future generation with modifications addeg ‘of each present generation, 13, Ans. the experient At such times, a player has t0 tolerate gy decisions, Tolerance is a virtue of patin, Hence, physical education develops tolerang, in an individual. Team spirit: A single player cannot ty, over an entire opponent team. To win, ye individuals have to work in a co-ordinate, and planned manner in synchronization wis other players of the team. Physical education develops the sense and importance of tes spirit in an individual. (6 Discipline: Discipline is a must for excellence in sports. Through sports, sportspersans learn to obey rules and regulations. Phying in accordance with the rules and regulations develops discipline in the players. (Any five . (i) Explain the role of culture in modem games and sports. Asc, ans) (i) Explain how games and sports help in the overall development of an individual (sc, 201) (i) Culture’ is derived from the verb ‘to cultivate er “to create’. So, culture is the norms transfered to future generations after modifications added by the experience of the present generation eg, culture, customs, dress, cuisine, etc, a our cultural heritage. These are not whit we have created but have received from out ancestors. Sports and games are no exception to this. Sports and games have been played it ancient civilizations also, whether itis Egypt™ Roman, Chinese, or Indus Valley, Now, the format of the games has changed. Earlies th games were restricted to some special grufs or persons. Now it is open to all. The of the present-day games have in theit p* The rules and regulations have become Mo and tare complex with each generation the orig ah ce echology. We cannot wre makin of various games and sports! we ha ‘ed from our past. So, games Sports are truly a part of our cultural heritage fe) Ans. “IN Examiner Comment Many students write about the history of ; games and their ' Par tual helt role in the development of a? Scanned with CamScanner(i) 0.3. ze Solutions for Practice Questions (Topic-1) Answering Tip Sports and games influence the culture of the | place and the social development of the region Games and sports aim at the all-around personality development of an individual. The games and sports contribute through: (i) Physical development: Sports and games help in developing physical coordination between different body parts. These help in muscular development and proper growth. The body becomes fit with regular involvement in sports. Some other physical fitness components like speed, strength, and flexibility are also developed. (i) Social development: Sports bring together persons of different places and cultures, They adjust with each other and exchange cultures. (iii)Mental development: Sports improve the judgment ability and creativity, and decision- making ability of the individual. (év) Emotional development: Sports help an individual in developing control over outbursts of emotions like joy, sorrow, jealousy, hope, hatred, fear, distress, and depression. Discuss the role of Physical Education in the development of an individual through the medium of games and sports. (Isc, 2017) The role of Physical Education in the development of an individual through the medium of games and sports are : 1 Mark Questions Ans. 1.(4) overall development. Ans. 4.(a) Sociology: Explanation: The aim of physical education is ‘overall development of an individual”. Ans.10. National integration Explanation: When people belonging to different castes and religions form their own associations and indulge in activities that encourage their Gastes and religions, national integration is threatened. Itisa scientific study of society and the relationship between the components of Society, (Physical Education plays an important role in the development of an individual through the medium of games and sports. Persistent Participation in games and sports from an carly age enhances the physical development of an individual through capacity building in physical coordination, the positive use of energy, and the promotion of healthy bodies. (i) It helps an individual to cope with stress and tension in a better way. Sports and games Provide ample opportunities for individuals to participate in creative experiences. (iii) It helps an individual to maintain fitness and remain in good shape and size. Through games and sports, the players, who belong to different places, come closer to one another. (iv) This helps in the social development of the player. It not only helps an individual in maintaining physical fitness but also helps in maintaining mental health. Games and sports help develop tolerance and patience in an individual. (¥) Physical Education teaches a person to respect diverse cultures, castes, and religions. Emotions like pleasure, hope, jealousy, ete. are very important for any individual. (vi) Physical education helps in developing emotions and tends to enable individuals to have proper control over emotions. Q.4. (a) Whatis sociology? (b) Define sports sociology. (©) Explain the games and sports which are used by early human beings to save their life from wild animals. 8 (b) Sociology is a social science that focuses on | society, human social behaviour, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and { aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Sports Sociology: Sociology of sport, ¢ otherwise known as sports sociology, is at discipline of sociology that studies sports as social phenomenon. (c) Sports. in early human beings’ times: Running, jumping, throwing, wrestling, boxing, and chariot racing were methods of + saving life from wild animals. Later, these | were developed as sports and games. iinideaninai aoa Scanned with CamScanner