1.
Design a LEX code to count the number of lines space tab meta character and
rest of the characters in each input pattern in C/C++.
%{
int lines = 0, spaces = 0, tabs = 0, meta = 0, others = 0;
%}
%%
\n { lines++; }
"" { spaces++; }
\t { tabs++; }
[!@#$%^&*()_+=<>?/\\|] { meta++; }
. { others++; }
%%
int main() {
yylex();
printf("Lines: %d\nSpaces: %d\nTabs: %d\nMeta Characters: %d\nOther Characters:
%d\n", lines, spaces, tabs, meta, others);
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
2. Design a LEX code to Identify and print valid identifiers of C/C++ in given input
pattern.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
%%
[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { printf("Valid Identifier: %s\n", yytext); }
.|\n
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
3. Design a LEX code to Identify and print integer and float values in given input
pattern.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { printf("Integer: %s\n", yytext); }
[0-9]+\.[0-9]+ { printf("Float: %s\n", yytext); }
.|\n
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
4. Design a LEX code for Tokenizing identify and print operators, seprators.
keywords, identifiers) in the C fragment.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
%%
"+"|"-"|"*"|"/" { printf("Operator: %s\n", yytext); }
"(" | ")" | "{" | "}" | ";" | "," { printf("Separator: %s\n", yytext); }
"int" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
"float" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
"if" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
"else" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
"while" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
"return" { printf("Keyword: %s\n", yytext); }
[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { printf("Identifier: %s\n", yytext); }
. { printf("Unknown Token: %s\n", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
5. Design a LEX code to Count and print the number of total characters, words,
white spaces in given input.txt file.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
extern FILE *yyin;
int chars = 0, words = 0, spaces = 0;
%}
%%
[a-zA-Z0-9]+ { words++; chars += yyleng; }
[ \t\n] { spaces++; }
. { chars++; }
%%
int main() {
yyin = fopen("input.txt", "r");
if (!yyin) {
perror("Error opening file");
return 1;
}
yylex();
printf("Characters: %d\nWords: %d\nWhite Spaces: %d\n", chars, words, spaces);
fclose(yyin);
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
6. Design a LEX code to Replace white spaces of input.txt file by a single blank
character into output.txt file.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *fp;
extern FILE *yyin;
%}
%%
[ \t\n]+ { fprintf(fp, " "); }
. { fprintf(fp, "%s", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yyin = fopen("input.txt", "r");
if (!yyin) {
perror("Error opening input.txt");
return 1;
}
fp = fopen("output.txt", "w");
if (!fp) {
perror("Error opening output.txt");
return 1;
}
yylex();
fclose(yyin);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
7. Design a LEX code to Remove the comments from any C-program given at
runtime and store into out.c file.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *fp;
extern FILE *yyin;
%}
%%
"/*"[^*]*"*/"
"//".* { fprintf(fp, "\n"); }
[ \t]+ { fprintf(fp, "%s", yytext); }
.|\n { fprintf(fp, "%s", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yyin = fopen("input.c", "r");
if (!yyin) {
perror("Error opening input.c");
return 1;
}
fp = fopen("out.c", "w");
if (!fp) {
perror("Error opening out.c");
return 1;
}
yylex();
fclose(yyin);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
8. Design a LEX code to Extract all html tags in the given html file at runtime and
store it into text file given at runtime.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
FILE *fp;
extern FILE *yyin;
%}
%%
"<"[^>]+">" { fprintf(fp, "%s\n", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yyin = fopen("tags.html", "r");
if (!yyin) {
perror("Error opening input.c");
return 1;
}
fp = fopen("tags.txt", "w");
yylex();
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
9. Design a DFA in LEX code Which accepts the string containing even number of 'a'
and even number of 'b' over input alphabet {a,b}.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
int count_a = 0, count_b = 0;
%}
%%
a { count_a++; }
b { count_b++; }
[^ab\n] { printf("Rejected: %s\n", yytext); }
\n {
if (count_a % 2 == 0 && count_b % 2 == 0)
printf("Accepted\n");
else
printf("Rejected\n");
count_a = 0; count_b = 0;
}
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
10. Design a DFA in LEX code Which accepts string containing third last element 'a'
over input alphabet{a,b}.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
%%
[a-b]*a[a-b][a-b]$ { printf("Accepted: %s\n", yytext); }
. { printf("Rejected: %s\n", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
11. Design a DFA in LEX code To identify and print integers & float constants
and Identifiers.
%{
#include <stdio.h>
%}
%%
[0-9]+\.[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)? { printf("Float: %s\n", yytext); }
[0-9]+ { printf("Integer: %s\n", yytext); }
[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { printf("Identifier: %s\n", yytext); }
[ \t\n] { /* Ignore whitespace */ }
. { printf("Unknown: %s\n", yytext); }
%%
int main() {
yylex();
return 0;
}
int yywrap() { return 1; }
12. Design a YACC/LEX code to recognise valid arithmetic expression with operator
+, -, * and /.
YACC Code (to generate y.tab.c & y.tab.h):
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
%}
%token NUMBER
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/'
%%
expr: expr '+' expr { printf("Recognized: +\n"); }
| expr '-' expr { printf("Recognized: -\n"); }
| expr '*' expr { printf("Recognized: *\n"); }
| expr '/' expr { printf("Recognized: /\n"); }
| NUMBER { printf("Recognized: Number\n"); }
;
%%
int main() {
printf("Enter an arithmetic expression: ");
yyparse();
return 0;
}
void yyerror(const char *s) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", s);
}
LEX Code:
%{
#include "y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { yylval = atoi(yytext); return NUMBER; }
[+\-*/] { return yytext[0]; }
[ \t\n] { /* Ignore whitespace */ }
. { printf("Invalid character: %s\n", yytext); }
%%
int yywrap() { return 1; }
13. Design a YACC/LEX code to Evaluate arithmetic expression involving
operators+, -, * and / Without operator precedence grammar & with operator
precedence grammar.
/* LEX Code */
%{
#include "y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { yylval = atoi(yytext); return NUMBER; }
[+\-*/] { return yytext[0]; }
"(" { return '('; }
")" { return ')'; }
[ \t\n] { /* Ignore whitespace */ }
. { printf("Invalid character: %s\n", yytext); }
%%
int yywrap() { return 1; }
YACC Code Without Operator Precedence:
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
%}
%token NUMBER
%%
expr: expr '+' expr { printf("Result: %d\n", $1 + $3); }
| expr '-' expr { printf("Result: %d\n", $1 - $3); }
| expr '*' expr { printf("Result: %d\n", $1 * $3); }
| expr '/' expr { if ($3 == 0) { printf("Error: Division by zero\n"); } else { printf("Result:
%d\n", $1 / $3); } }
| '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; }
| NUMBER { $$ = $1; }
;
%%
int main() {
printf("Enter an arithmetic expression: ");
yyparse();
return 0;
}
void yyerror(const char *s) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", s);
}
YACC Code With Operator Precedence:
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
%}
%token NUMBER
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/'
%%
expr: expr '+' expr { $$ = $1 + $3; }
| expr '-' expr { $$ = $1 - $3; }
| expr '*' expr { $$ = $1 * $3; }
| expr '/' expr { if ($3 == 0) { printf("Error: Division by zero\n"); } else { $$ = $1 / $3; } }
| '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; }
| NUMBER { $$ = $1; }
;
%%
int main() {
printf("Enter an arithmetic expression: ");
yyparse();
return 0;
}
void yyerror(const char *s) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", s);
}
For Installation and running the LEX and YACC program Follow link: installation Guide
