Part A answers (1-mark ques ons) for 23EC201 – Electronic Circuits:
1. Infer the importance of Q point.
Ans: Q-point (Quiescent Point) ensures that the transistor operates in the ac ve region for proper
amplifica on without distor on.
2. Calculate the drain current for the following transistor circuit, when the transistor is operated in
satura on.
Ans: No circuit is given in the ques on bank. Please provide the circuit to calculate the drain current.
3. Draw the High frequency π-model of BJT.
Ans: The π-model includes:
Base resistance rbr_brb
Collector-to-base capacitance CμC_\muCμ
Base-to-emi er capacitance CπC_\piCπ
Transconductance gmvπg_m v_\pigmvπ
(Diagram can be drawn if needed.)
4. Find the approximate value of the emi er current for a circuit with β=100 and IB=10 µA.
Ans:
IE≈(1+β)IB=(1+100)×10μA=1.01 mAI_E ≈ (1 + β) I_B = (1 + 100) \ mes 10\mu A = 1.01 \, mAIE
≈(1+β)IB=(1+100)×10μA=1.01mA
5. Infer why class A power amplifier must not be operated under no signal condi ons?
Ans: Under no signal condi ons, a Class A amplifier consumes maximum power leading to energy
loss and hea ng.
6. For the class B push-pull amplifier drawing load current of 2 mA and load voltage of 50 V,
determine the AC output power.
Ans:
PAC=V×I2=50×2×10−32=50 mWP_{AC} = \frac{V \ mes I}{2} = \frac{50 \ mes 2 \ mes 10^{-3}}{2} =
50 \, mWPAC=2V×I=250×2×10−3=50mW
7. Interpret the applica ons of heat sink.
Ans: Heat sinks dissipate excess heat from power devices, preven ng thermal damage and ensuring
stable opera on.
8. Jus fy the statement: Gain Bandwidth product remains unchanged by nega ve feedback.
Ans: Nega ve feedback reduces gain but increases bandwidth such that the product of gain and
bandwidth remains constant.
9. State the condi ons for sustained Oscilla on.
Ans:
Barkhausen Criterion:
o Loop gain Aβ=1A\beta = 1Aβ=1
o Phase shi around the loop = 0° or 360°
10. Determine the frequency of Hartley oscillator for C = 20 µF and L = 2 mH.
(Likely a typo; C should be in µF and smaller, maybe it's 20 pF or nF? Assuming C = 20 pF)
Ans:
f=12πLC=12π2×10−3×20×10−12≈796.2 kHzf = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{LC}} = \frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{2 \ mes
10^{-3} \ mes 20 \ mes 10^{-12}}} ≈ 796.2 \, kHzf=2πLC1=2π2×10−3×20×10−121≈796.2kHz
11. Outline the factors that affect the stability of opera ng point of a circuit.
Ans:
Varia on in transistor parameters (like β)
Temperature changes
Power supply fluctua ons
12. Calculate the drain current for the following transistor circuit, when the transistor is operated
in satura on.
Ans: Please provide the circuit diagram to calculate accurately.
13. Two amplifiers having gain of 20 dB and 40 dB are cascaded. Calculate the overall gain of this
circuit in dB.
Ans:
Total gain = 20 dB + 40 dB = 60 dB
14. Interpret Miller’s theorem and its significance in circuit analysis.
Ans:
Miller’s theorem simplifies analysis by conver ng feedback impedance into equivalent input and
output impedances, useful in high-frequency amplifier analysis.
15. Compare power amplifier and a voltage amplifier.
Ans:
Power Amplifier Voltage Amplifier
High output power High voltage gain
Drives loads like speakers Drives next stage
Large current Small current
16. Infer the role of a heat sink in power amplifiers.
Ans: A heat sink dissipates heat, protec ng the amplifier from overhea ng and ensuring reliability.
17. Calculate the closed-loop gain of a nega ve feedback amplifier if its open-loop gain is 100,000
and feedback factor is 0.01.
Af=A1+Aβ=1000001+100000×0.01=1000001001≈99.9A_f = \frac{A}{1 + A\beta} = \frac{100000}{1 +
100000 \ mes 0.01} = \frac{100000}{1001} ≈ 99.9Af=1+AβA=1+100000×0.01100000=1001100000
≈99.9
18. “Nega ve feedback in amplifiers stabilizes the gain”. Jus fy the statement.
Ans: Nega ve feedback reduces dependency on amplifier parameters by reducing varia on, thus
stabilizing gain.
19. State the Barkhausen criterion for sustained oscilla on. What will happen to the oscilla ons if
the magnitude of the loop gain is greater than unity?
Ans:
Aβ=1A\beta = 1Aβ=1, and phase shi = 0° or 360°
If Aβ>1A\beta > 1Aβ>1, oscilla ons grow and may cause distor on or satura on.
20. Draw the feedback circuit of a Colpi s oscillator. Obtain the value of the equivalent series
capacitance required if it uses an L of 100 mH and is to oscillate at 40 kHz.
Given:
f=40 kHzf = 40 \, kHzf=40kHz, L=100 mHL = 100 \, mHL=100mH
f=12πLCeq⇒Ceq=1(2πf)2Lf = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC_{eq}}} \Rightarrow C_{eq} = \frac{1}{(2\pi f)^2
L}f=2πLCeq1⇒Ceq=(2πf)2L1 Ceq=1(2π⋅40000)2⋅0.1≈1.58 nFC_{eq} = \frac{1}{(2\pi \cdot 40000)^2
\cdot 0.1} ≈ 1.58 \, nFCeq=(2π⋅40000)2⋅0.11≈1.58nF
