Basic Geometry Notes
Part 1: Introduction and Basic Shapes
1. What is Geometry?
Geometry is the study of shapes, sizes, positions, angles, and dimensions of things.
2. Basic Terms:
- Point: A location ([Insert image] Insert image of a dot labeled "A")
- Line: Extends in both directions ([Insert image] Insert image with arrows on both ends)
- Line Segment: Has two endpoints ([Insert image] Insert image with endpoints A and B)
- Ray: Starts at one point, extends infinitely ([Insert image] Insert image starting at A going through B)
- Plane: Flat surface ([Insert image] Insert slanted rectangle with points A, B, C)
3. Types of Angles:
- Acute: < 90 degrees, Right: = 90 degrees, Obtuse: > 90 degrees, Straight: = 180 degrees, Reflex: > 180
degrees
([Insert image] Insert image with all 5 angle types)
4. Pairs of Angles:
- Complementary: Sum = 90 degrees ([Insert image] Insert image)
- Supplementary: Sum = 180 degrees ([Insert image] Insert image)
- Adjacent: Share a vertex and side ([Insert image] Insert image)
- Vertically Opposite: Formed by intersecting lines ([Insert image] Insert image)
5. Types of Triangles (by Angles):
- Acute, Right, Obtuse ([Insert image] Insert image with all three types)
Part 2: Properties of Triangles and Quadrilaterals
6. Properties of Triangles:
- Angle Sum Property: Sum = 180 degrees ([Insert image] Insert triangle ABC with angles)
Basic Geometry Notes
- By sides: Equilateral, Isosceles, Scalene ([Insert image] Insert image of each)
- Pythagoras Theorem: Hypotenuse^2 = Base^2 + Height^2 ([Insert image] Insert right triangle)
- Exterior Angle: Equals sum of opposite interior angles ([Insert image] Insert image)
7. Quadrilaterals:
- 4 sides, angles sum = 360 degrees ([Insert image] Insert labeled quadrilateral ABCD)
8. Types of Quadrilaterals:
- Parallelogram, Rectangle, Square, Rhombus, Trapezium, Kite
([Insert image] Insert image showing all types with properties)
9. Diagonals:
- Table showing properties of diagonals for each quadrilateral
([Insert image] Insert image with diagonals in each shape)
Part 3: Circles and Polygons
10. Circle:
- Center, Radius, Diameter, Circumference, Chord, Arc, Sector, Segment
([Insert image] Insert labeled circle)
- Angle in Semi-Circle = 90 degrees ([Insert image] Insert image)
11. Polygons:
- Triangle to Decagon based on sides ([Insert image] Insert diagrams)
- Regular: all equal sides/angles, Irregular: not equal ([Insert image] Insert comparison)
12. Angle Properties:
- Interior Sum = (n - 2) × 180 degrees
- Each interior angle = ((n - 2) × 180 degrees) / n
- Exterior angle of regular polygon = 360 degrees / n
Basic Geometry Notes
([Insert image] Insert polygon with angles labeled)
Part 4: Coordinate Geometry and 3D Shapes
13. Coordinate Geometry:
- Coordinate plane: X-axis, Y-axis, origin, quadrants ([Insert image] Insert image)
- Coordinates: (x, y) ([Insert image] Insert plotted points)
- Distance Formula = sqrt((x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2) ([Insert image] Insert image)
- Midpoint Formula = ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2) ([Insert image] Insert image)
14. 3D Shapes:
- Cube, Cuboid, Sphere, Cylinder, Cone, Pyramid ([Insert image] Insert labeled shapes)
- Surface Area and Volume formulas:
Cube: 6a^2, a^3
Cuboid: 2(lb + bh + hl), l×b×h
Sphere: 4pir^2, 4/3pir^3
Cylinder: 2pir(h + r), pir^2h
Cone: pir(l + r), 1/3pir^2h
([Insert image] Insert diagram or table with formulas)
