THE RENAISSANCE:
A Period of Rebirth
WHAT IS RENAISSANCE?
When and Where did it occurred?
[Link] period was
14th to 16th century. After
the period that took place
between the fall of ancient
Rome in 476 A.D. and the
beginning of the 14th
century.
[Link] key developments
took place from the
fourteenth through the
sixteenth centuries in the
nuclear city-states of
Western Europe, especially
northern Italy. Florence, Birthplace of renaissance.1
• The movement first expanded to other Italian city-
states, such as Venice, Milan, Bologna, Ferrara and
Rome. Then, during the 15th century, Renaissance
ideas spread from Italy to France and then
throughout western and northern Europe.
• Although other European countries experienced
their Renaissance later than Italy, the impacts were
still revolutionary.
•
Renaissance in map 2
REASONS BEHIND RENAISSANCE
As Renaissance was a long term
incident, so there are many facts behind
renaissance occurred in Italy . We are
going to describe this reasons according
to the order of importance pointed by
the historians.
Prime location
➢ One major reason the Renaissance began in Italy is linked to
geography. The city-states of Italy, positioned on the Mediterranean
Sea, were centers for trade and commerce, the first port of call for
both goods and new ideas.
Influence of church
➢ One of the most important reason for Italy as the birthplace
of the Renaissance was the concentration of wealth, power,
and intellect in the Church. In that time, the Church
controlled so much of the political, economic, and intellectual
life of Europe, that it gathered most of the best minds,
wealthiest men, and most powerful leaders unto itself in
Rome at one time or another.3
• In The Praise of Folly (1509),the Dutchman Erasmus
opposed the idea of original sin, arguing that Greek
virtues incorporated into early Christianity were superior
to virtues espoused by later Christianity, which had grown
excessively formal, bureaucratic, and corrupt.
• In Utopia (1516), the Englishman Thomas More(1478-
1535) contrasted the evils of contemporary society with
the virtues of a society constructed on secular principles
and based on ethnographic accounts of “simpler” peoples,
whose lives were happier because they lacked private
property, money, and crime.
• In The Prince (1513), the Italian Machiavelli described the
qualities of an effective political ruler, who must be
strong,intelligent, and wise enough to understand the
good and bad parts of human nature.3
Rediscovery of ancient thoughts
• The rediscovery of Roman antiquity
was especially exhilarating because
Rome was part of Italy’s own “glorious
past.” Renaissance thinkers came to
realize that the ancients possessed a
fuller and more satisfying grasp of
human nature than did the austere
Christians of the Middle Ages
• The archetypical “Renaissance Man”
was the Italian painter, sculptor,
architect,musician, engineer, and
mathematician Leonardo da Vinci
(1452–1519). Like other creative
geniuses of the Renaissance, da Vinci
was enamoured of the ancient world
because it represented a pre-Christian “The Renaissance Man”-Leonardo da Vinci
(1452–1519) 4
source of knowledge and values.
Some Scholars of Renaissance
Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536): Rene Descartes (1596– 1650):
Scholar from Holland who defined French philosopher and
the humanist movement in mathematician regarded as the
Northern Europe. And also the father of modern philosophy.
translator of the New Testament Famous for stating, “I think;
into Greek. therefore I am.”
Now we will discuss about a very interesting and
important reason and influencer as well of
renaissance known as The Age of discoveries or
geographical explorations
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
WHAT IS THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
❑The Age of Exploration was a period from the
early 15th century that continued into the
early 17th century.
❑During this period of time,European ships
travelled around the world to search for new
trading routes as the kings,scholars and
seamen were being more interested in this.
EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
❑The first European exploration
began in earnest with the
eleventh-century Christian
crusades to Africa and parts of
the Middle East.
❑One of the most famous
European explorers was the
Venetian Marco Polo (c. 1254–c.
1324) Marco Polo (c. 1254–c. 1324)
SOME IMPORTANT VOYAGERS
Vasco da Gama (c. Christopher Columbus
1469–1524) found (c. 1446–1506)
his wayaround “discovered” the
Africa to India. “NewWorld.”
Núñez de Balboa (c. The first round of European
1475–1517) sailed exploration was concluded
by Ferdinand Magellan
around SouthAmerica
(c.1480–1521), one of whose
and reached the Pacific ships circumnavigated the
Ocean in 1513. globe in 1522.
IMPACTS OF VOYAGES
➢ These voyages brought Europeans into contact with
the different kinds of people that anthropologists
now study.
➢ European opinions of non-European Native peoples
presented a major challenge to the medieval
synthesis of God, people, and nature.
➢ No other event in Western history has been as
significant for anthropology as the voyages of
geographical discovery.
Scientific Revolution
• A very major impact of Renaissance can be seen by the
revolutionary change in the scientific community and their
thoughts
• This event took place from the 13th to 17th century.
• Generated revolutionary changes in the way people used
to see cosmology and epistemology
• Medival cosmology,in which the earth was the centre of
everything,is supported by [Link]
Newtonian or the brand new cosmology was much more
scientific than being humanistic or theological.
• Two scientific epistomologies was born as a result
of this revolution. Induction and deduction
• induction focuses on reaching to a conclusion via a
particular observation. While deduction is a key
feature of formal sciences which is a way of drawing
a logical conclusion from axiomatic
principles(mathematics).
• Some famous scientists like Copernicus , Tycho
Brahe, Galileo , Newton gave their theory/concept
about a new, errorless, explainable/beliveable
cosmological universe. Newton's countered
theory/view of Tolemy and Copernicus ultimately
gave birth to a new cosmology
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance-era
polymath whose theory of the universe placed
the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the
universe.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is considered the father of modern
science and made major contributions to the fields of physics,
astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy.
Tycho Brahe was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer
known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical
observations.
Sir Isaac Newton
Impacts of scientific revolution
• Truths Challenged: The increased emphasis placed on
experimentation and empirical knowledge during the
Scientific Revolution caused many philosophers and
scientists to rethink the very nature of knowledge
• Religion Challenged: This new basis for knowledge and
findings made by the Revolution's astronomers naturally
challenged the very foundations of the revealed truths of
the Christian church
• The inspiration:The scientific revoulation was the
inspiration to emulate previous scientific achievement in
the enlightenment which was another vital social change in
European history.
End of Renaissance
• Scholars believe the demise of the Renaissance
was the result of several compounding factors.
• By the end of the 15th century, numerous wars
had plagued the Italian peninsula. Spanish,
French and German invaders battling for Italian
territories caused disruption and instability in
the region.
• Also, changing trade routes led to a period of
economic decline and limited the amount of
money that wealthy contributors could spend on
the arts.
• Later, in a movement known as the Counter-
Reformation, the Catholic church censored artists and
writers in response to the Protestant Reformation.
Many Renaissance thinkers feared being too bold,
which stifled creativity.
• Furthermore, in 1545, the Council of Trent established
the Roman Inquisition, which made humanism and
any views that challenged the Catholic church an act
of heresy punishable by death.
• By the early 17th century, the Renaissance movement
had died out, giving way to the Age of Enlightenment.
SOURCES
1.
[Link]
n%[Link]
2. [Link]
3.
[Link]
20renaissance%20begin%20in%[Link]?fbclid=IwAR3bK2mtwR2NHZoGLD4Sq8wFtku6Jdc0FB
WTr1B3myHVi4QO2bOSIYoRcW8
4. [Link]
vinci1.[Link]
[Link]/1015px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg
5. [Link]
6.[Link]
_1838.png/1200px-Vasco_da_Gama_-_1838.png
7.[Link]
o:good,w_620/MTI1MTQzMTAyMDUzNjg5OTg3/bio_promo_christophercolumbus1jpg.jpg
8.[Link]
1ez_de_Balboa_%281475-1517%29_-_An%C3%[Link]/250px-
Retrato_de_Vasco_Nu%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa_%281475-1517%29_-_An%C3%[Link]
