Welcome to

Learn Trade Skills

 IMPORTANT NOTICE
Contents in this course belongs to the IET and BSI, the contents are duplication of BS
7671.
The course is structured against BS7671 and prepared by Learn Trade Skills / LTS

The course material can not be copied or exhibited in full or in part for classroom, training
or exhibition use. Use of any part or in full any such action or unauthorised replication of
this course will result in prosecution.

Learn Trade Skills / LTS reserves the rights and accepts no liability to anyone for any loss
or damage caused by an error or negligence or omission in the contents of this course.

The guidance and contents in this course is all correct to current edition of the wiring
regulations, all candidates using the contents in their work environment must use their
own initiative to ensure health and safety in all aspect of their inspection, testing and
installation of the electrical work carried out is compliant to the wiring regulation BS 7671
current at the time.

As such any liabilities are disclaimed.

 18th Edition
Wiring Regulations 2018
Amendment 2 (2022)
 Level 3 Certificate in Requirements for Electrical Installations

BS 7671: 2018, THE IEE WIRING REGULATIONS, IS

THE DEFINITIVE STANDARD FOR THE ELECTRICAL
INDUSTRY IN RESPECT OF SAFE USE AND
OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND
SYSTEMS. THEY SET THE REQUIREMENTS AND
OPERATING CRITERIA FOR THE UK AND
CORRESPOND TO HARMONIZED STANDARDS.
 BS 7671
Requirements for Electrical
Installations

British Standard Wiring Regulations

Part of Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EAWR 1989)
 Books & Documents
ET Wiring Regulations 18th Edition 2018

BS 7671: 2018

All users of the IET Wiring Regulations

need to be aware of the changes from 17th
edition to 18th edition

You need to purchase this book for this course and keep
it as part of your toolbox

ISBN: 978-1-
78561-170-4
 Important information about EXAMS

One Online Exam

OPEN BOOK

Multi-Choice Questions 60 Questions

Time allowed 120 Minutes

You need to achieve minimum pass mark of 60% in all areas to gain this qualification
 Important information about EXAMS
EAL 601/5231/0

BS 7671 - Parts Amount of Questions per Part Question Sequence

Part 1 4Q 1 - 4
Part 2 2Q 5 - 6
Part 3 6Q 7 - 12
Part 4 15 Q 13 - 27
Part 5 14 Q 28 - 41
Part 6 4Q 42 - 45
Part 7 10 Q 46 - 55
8 Appendices 5Q 56 - 60

Total 60 Questions

You need to achieve minimum pass mark of 60% in all areas to gain this qualification
 Introduction

Important notes
Before you start reading this course, follow these steps:-
Part 1 is the most important part of the book, because it states what this book BS 7671 is all about.
The rest of the book BS 7671 is about the explanation of Part 1. (p 19 to 28)
So please read part 1 carefully and parts 6, (P 230 to 240) read them in full, before you check out the rest
of this book, and study SPDs, OCPDs in part 534 (p 162) to 537 (p 183)
Now, Go back to contents page 3, and read the scope of each chapter. Find out what each chapter is about,
but do not read too much, read just enough to find out what they are about
Back to page 3, cover the page numbers and see if you can find these chapters without looking at page
numbers in contents page.
Remember, the exam you are taking will exam you for navigational kills.
 Introduction

BS 7671: 2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations was issued on 1st

January 2018 and came into effect on 1st July 2018. Installations designed
after 30th June 2018 are required to comply with BS 7671:2018.

However, Installations that have been installed in accordance with earlier

edition of the regulations may not comply with this edition in every respect.
This does not necessarily mean that they are unsafe for continued use or
require upgrading.

BS 7671 p. 4
 Introduction

History of Wiring Regulations

First edition of Wiring Regulations were published back in
1882

Now we are using

IEE Wiring Regulations 2018 (18th Edition)

BS 7671 p. 12
 Introduction

Relationship of BS 7671
with Statutory Regulations

BS 7671 is non-statutory, but it can

be used in a court of law , p21
 Introduction

The Structure of the Regulations

The changes in BS 7671 are a part of the on-going Harmonization Document (HD) produced by
CENELEC.
 Introduction

BS 7671: 2018 Parts

Part 1 Sets out the scope, object and the fundamental principles.

Part 2 (Dictionary) Defines the sense in which certain terms are used

Part 3 Identification of the characteristics of the installation that will need to be taken into account in
choosing and applying the requirements of of the subsequent Parts.

Parts 4 Description of the measures that are available for the protection of persons, livestock and
property, and against the hazards that may arise from the use of electricity.

Part 5 Precautions to be taken in the selection and erection of the equipment of the installation.

Part 6 Inspection and testing

Part 7 Special Installations or Locations – particular requirements.

Part 8 Prosumer’s Low Voltage Electrical Installations (New) BS 7671 p. 3

 Introduction

The structure of BS 7671: 2018

BS 7671 contains Eight Parts and Fifteen Appendices

Each Part, except Part 7 contains Chapters

Each Chapter contains Sections
Each Section contains individual Regulations
 Introduction

The structure of BS 7671: 2018

Example Regulation 416.1

First digit signifies Part Number - Part 4

Second digit together with first digit, signifies Chapter Number - Ch. 41

Third digit together with first and second digit, signifies Section - Sec. 416

Subsequent number/s are the Regulation - 416.1

 Introduction

Exercise: Numbering System

(1) What is the Part, Chapter, Section and Regulation

Group within the following Regulation number?

Regulation 416.1

(2) What does the Regulation relate to?

 Introduction

Answer to Exercise

Regulation 416.1

Basic insulation of live parts

Live parts shall be completely covered with insulation which can only be removed
by destruction. For equipment, the insulation shall comply with the relevant
standard for such electrical equipment.
 Introduction

Numbering system for Part 7

Special installations or locations
The numbering system here is different to the rest of the book:

Part 7 is divided into 21 Sections

Some of these sections will have further sections and these subsequent sections will be
sections within parts 1 to 6 of BS7871
So the numbering system does not always follow sequentially.
Part 7 is an add on to original regulation, example of this is given in next slide.
 Introduction

Example of Numbering System within Part 7

Example Regulation 701.414.4.5

First THREE digits are Section of Part 7 - Section 701

Next three digits are Sub-section of Part 7

and Section number of Parts 1 to 6, points to the original regulation

Subsequent number/s are the Regulation

 Introduction

Example of Numbering System within Part 7

First set of numbers (701) indicates the Regulation is in Part 7 - Section 701 – Locations
containing a bath or shower
The following three numbers (414) point us to Regulation 414.4.5, which is located in Part 4

701.414.4.5 relates to regulation in Part 7:

(PROTECTIVE MEASURE: EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE PROVIDED BY SELV OR
PELV).

414.4.5 points to original regulation in Part 4:

‘If the nominal voltage exceeds 25 V AC or 60 V DC or if the equipment is immersed,

basic protection’
 Introduction

Exercise: Numbering System in Part 7

(1) What is the Part, Chapter, Section and Regulation

Group within the following Regulation number?

Regulation 730.1

(2) What does the Regulation relate to?

 Introduction

Answer to Exercise

Regulation 730.1

Relates to Section for

‘ONSHORE UNITS OF ELECTRICAL SHORE CONNECTIONS FOR INLAND NAVIGATION VESSELS’

This section a new entry in 18th Edition

Read the scope 730.1

And see to the wiring diagrams within ANNEX 730

BS 7671 p. 336
 Part 1 – Scope, Object And
Fundamental Principles

Contains three chapters:

Chapter 11 Scope
Chapter 12 Object
Chapter 13 Fundamental principles

BS 7671 p. 20 - 22
 Part 1

110.1.1
BS 7671 applies to the design, erection and verification of electrical installations in all the
areas listed within this regulation:
(xxvii) onshore units of electrical shore connections for inland navigation vessels.

NEW Entry

BS 7671 p. 20
 Part 1

110.1.2
Clarifies the voltage ranges and frequencies covered by BS 7671

The Regulations include requirements for:

(i) Circuits supplied at nominal voltages up to and including 1000 V AC or 1500 V
DC. For AC, the preferred frequencies which are taken into account in this Standard
are 50 Hz, 60 Hz and 400 Hz. The use of other frequencies for special purposes is
not excluded

BS 7671 p. 20
 Part 1

110.1.3
All this list are Supplementary or requirements to other British Standardsand
EXAMPLES

Emergency Lighting BS5266 and BS 1838

Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust - BS EN 50281 and BS EN 60079

Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings - BS 5839

Telecommunications systems - BS 6701

BS 7671 p. 16
 Part 1

110.2
All this list are EXCLUSIONS from Scope and are not covered by BS 7671 but they are covered by
other British Standards, which are indicated within the list
EXAMPLES
Railway traction equipment, rolling stock and signaling equipment
Lightning protection systems for buildings and structures covered by BS EN 62305
Equipment on board ships covered by BS 8450, BS EN 60092-507, BS EN ISO 13297 or BS EN ISO I
0133
(v) Equipment of mobile and fixed offshore installations
(vi) Equipment of aircraft

BS 7671 p. 16
 Part 1
115 – Installations in premises subject to licensing
For installations in premises over which a licensing or other authority exercises a statutory control, the
requirements of that authority shall be ascertained and complied with in the design and execution of the
installation .

Pubs & Clubs Petrol Stations

Caravan Sites House of multiple occupancy

 Part 1

Chapter 12. Object and Effect

120.1
This Standard contains the rules for the design, erection and verification of
electrical installations so as to provide for safety and proper functioning for the
intended use.
 Part 1
12 – Object and Effect
120 .3 – Departures
… are permitted, but require special consideration …

Any intended departure from these Parts requires special consideration by the
designer of the installation and shall be recorded on the appropriate electrical
certification specified in Part 6.

The resulting degree of safety of the installation shall be not less than that
obtained by compliance with the Regulations.

BS 7671 p. 22
 Part 1
Chapter 13. Fundamental principles

Chapter 13 is the most important part of the book because this chapter provides
the fundamental principles for safety

Sections are as follows:

Section 131 Protection for safety (Basic Protection p 80 and Fault Protection p 62)
Section 132 Design (Part 3 p 50 will help)
Section 133 Selection of electrical equipment
Section 134 Erection and initial verification of electrical
installations
Section 135 Periodic Inspection and Testing

BS 7671 p. 17 - 23
 Part 1
131 – Protection for Safety
This section is intended to provide safety for:

Persons
Livestock
Property

against the dangers and damage, which may arise in the event of a fault or
misuse use of electrical installations

BS 7671 p.22
 Part 1
131 – Protection for safety, general
In electrical installations, risk of injury may result from:

Shock currents
Excessive temperatures likely to cause burn, fires etc.
Mechanical movement of electrically actuated equipment
Ignition of a potentially explosive atmosphere
Arcing or burning, likely to cause blinding effects, excess pressure and/or toxic gases

BS 7671 p.22
 Part 1
131 – Protection for Safety

Two new entries:

131 .2.1

Basic protection p80 (formerly known as direct contact) and

131 .2.2

Fault protection p62 (formerly known as indirect contact).

BS 7671 p22
 Part 1
131.3 – Protection against thermal effects
Protection against harmful effects of heat and thermal radiation:

Risk of burns
Combustion or ignition of material
Dangerous functioning of equipment
Chapter 42 p84 will help

BS 7671 p23
 Part 1
131.4 – Protection against overcurrent

Persons or livestock must be protected from injury and property against

damage due to excessive temperature or electromechanically stresses
caused by any over-current’s likely to arise

Consider using AFDDs, RCDs and RCBOs

BS 7671 p23
 Part 1
131.5 – Protection against fault current
All conductors, and any other parts intended to carry a
fault current must be capable of carrying that current

without reaching an excessive temperature.

Electrical equipment including conductors must be provided with mechanical

protection against electromechanical stresses of fault currents in order to
prevent danger or injury to people or livestock

BS 7671 p23
 Part 1
131.6 – Protection against voltage disturbances and
measures against electromagnetic disturbances
New entry:
Requirement for protection against voltage disturbances and measures against
electromagnetic influences

See to Section 442 p102 for more details

BS 7671 p23
 Part 1
132 – Design
The electrical installation shall be designed by one or more skilled
persons to provide for:
Protection of persons, livestock and property in accordance with Section 131.
The proper functioning of the electrical installation for the intended use.

Read this Section 132

 Part 1
132.16 – Additions and Alterations
Before any additions & alterations can be made to an existing installation it must
be verified that…

the rating & condition of any existing equipment,

including that of the distributor will be adequate,
for any increase in electrical load, and …

Earthing p197 and bonding p205 arrangements must also be assessed

(and be adequate) for the safety of the addition or alteration

BS 7671 p26
 Part 1

133 – Selection of electrical equipment

Every item of equipment shall comply with the appropriate British or
Harmonized Standard.

Where equipment does not comply with British or European standards,

designer or other person responsible, have to confirm compliance and record
this on the certification within part 6. Electrical Installation Certificate p509

BS 7671 p26
 Part 1

133 – Selection of electrical equipment

133.5
New materials & inventions
New materials or inventions that leads to a departure are permitted, but …

Must be recorded on the certificate in Part 6. Electrical

Installation Certificate p509
BS 7671 p27
 Part 1

134 – Erection & initial verification

134.1.1
Good workmanship by one or more skilled or instructed persons and
proper materials shall be used in the erection of the electrical installation.
The installation of electrical equipment shall take account of
manufacturers’ instructions.

BS 7671 p27
 Part 1

134 – Erection & initial verification

Inspection & testing must be carried out by skilled person
to verify the installation comply with BS 7671 and meets
the design specification

This should be carried out during erection and on completion of

a new installation or an addition or alteration

Before it is put into service! BS 7671 p27

 Part 1
135 – Periodic inspection and testing
It is recommended that every electrical
installation is subjected to

Periodic Inspection & Testing.

New name for Periodic Inspection and Testing:

( EICR ) Electrical Installation Condition Report

Available in appendix 6 of BS 7671 p239

BS 7671 p28
 Part
Part. 22

Definitions
 Part 2
Definitions
Part 2 Definitions
This section is a dictionary:

In alphabetical order this section defines the meaning of terms used within electrical industry:

Includes:-
• Earthing systems TN-S, TN-C-S, TT and IT
• Voltage terms ELV, SELV, PELV, FELV and LV
• Single Phase
• Three Phase
• Voltage

BS 7671 p. 29 - 45
 Part 2
Part 2 Definitions
Find the following terms within Part 2
Instructed person, skilled person and Competent Person

• AFDD • PEN Conductor

• OCPD • PV Array, PV Module

• SPD • Electric Vehicle, Mode 1, 2,

3 and 4
• RCD
• Voltage Bands
• RCBO
• Earthing & Protective
Conductor Fig. 2.1 BS 7671 p. 29 - 45
 Part 2
Part 2 Definitions
Self study, find out what are the differences between following Extra Low
Voltage installation types:
SELV

PELV

FELV

Reduced Low Voltage

These are terms covered in detail in Sections 411 p63 and 414 p77 of BS 7671
BS 7671 p. 29 - 45
 Part 2
Voltage nominal

Extra-low. Not exceeding 50 V a.c. or 120 V ripple-free d.c., whether

between conductors or to Earth,
Low. Exceeding extra-low voltage but not exceeding 1000 V a.c. or
1500 V d.c. between conductors or
600 V a.c. or 900 V d.c. between conductors and Earth.
High. Normally exceeding low voltage

BS 7671 p44
 Part 2
Symbols
Symbols used in the standards are listed in these two pages

BS 7671 p46
 Part 2
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the standards are listed in these two pages

BS 7671 p48
 Part 3
Assessment of general characteristics

This part is for electrical designer or installer to assess the general

characteristics of the supply and electrical installation

Ch. 31 PURPOSES, SUPPLIES AND STRUCTURE

Ch.32 CLASSIFICATION OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Refer to Ch. 51 p130 and App 5
p492

Ch. 33 COMPATIBILITY

Ch. 34 MAINTAINABILITY

Ch.35 SAFETY SERVICES Essential read

Ch. 36 CONTINUITY OF SERVICE Essential read

 Part 3

311.1 - Maximum demand and diversity

Assessment of the maximum demand must be determined for economic and

reliable design of an installation, and diversity may also be taken into account.

BS 7671 p51
 Part 3

312 - CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT AND SYSTEM EARTHING

Carefully study the different types of conductor arrangement for different

transformer windings.

312.1.1 Current-carrying conductors In AC circuits

312.1.2 Current-carrying conductors In DC circuits

BS 7671 p51
 Part 3

312 - CONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT AND SYSTEM EARTHING

Fig 3.8 - TN-S system On Site Guide p13

Maximum Ze = 0.8 Ohms

Fig 3.9- TN-C-S (PME) system On Site Guide p13

Maximum Ze = 0.35 Ohms

Fig 3.10 - TT system On Site Guide p14

Maximum Ze = 200 Ohms

BS 7671 p53
 Part 3

TN-C system
A TN-C system is not common in the United Kingdom.

Neutral and protective earth functions are combined in a single conductor known as a PEN
conductor.

All exposed-conductive-parts of the installation must be connected to the PEN conductor to ensure
all fault currents follow this path to main earth at the supplier’s transformer.

Regulation 8(4) of the Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 prohibits the use
of PEN conductors within consumers’ wiring system. PEN Conductors are generally used for power
distribution outside the premises.

BS 7671 p53
Part 3
 Part 3
TN-C-S (PME) system Max Ze = 0.35 Ω

Zs = Ze + [ R1 + R2 ]

BS 7671 p54
On Site Guide p19
 Part 3
TN-S system Max Ze = 0.8 Ω

Zs = Ze + [ R1 + R2 ]

BS 7671 p54
On Site Guide p20
 Part 3
TT system Ze = See Table 41.5 P 60

BS 7671 p55
On Site Guide p20
 Part 3

313 – Supplies
Incoming supply characteristics, shall be determined by calculation, measurement,
enquiry or inspection, prior to carrying out new work, alterations or
additions.

The characteristics of the

following must be assessed:

Supply
Number and type of live conductors
Earthing arrangement

BS 7671 p55
 Part 3

313.2 – Supplies for safety services and standby systems

Each safety services must have their own separate supplies.

Typical systems are:

emergency lighting systems,
sprinkler systems,
generators,
smoke extract system etc.

BS 7671 p56
 Part 3

314 – Division of installation

Circuits must be divided into separate ways to:

Minimize electromagnetic interference

Minimize dangers and inconvenience in the event of a fault

Provide safe inspection, testing and maintenance

Note:
For safety of the circuits, Installation of borrowed Neutral should be avoided at all times.

BS 7671 p56
 Part 3

Chapter 32. External Influences

Safety requirements for proper functioning of equipment intended to be used within the
installation, and requirements appropriate to the external influences.

This Chapter is now moved to Ch. 51 p129 & App.5 p492

BS 7671 p56
 Part 3

331 Compatibility of Characteristics

An assessment shall be made of any characteristics of equipment likely to have harmful
effects upon other electrical equipment or other services such as:-

Petrol stations,
Kiosks and
Shops within Shops

Essential read;
There are 12 different characteristics to be assessed.

Note:
Transient over voltages are now covered by Chapter 44 p102
Starting currents for motors and Regulation 543.7 p204
Excessive protective conductor current Regulation 543.7 p204

BS 7671 p. 51
 Part 3
Chapter 34. Maintainability

This chapter gives guidance on maintaining equipment within the installation.

Equipment should be frequently maintained to ensure its safety while in use.

BS 7671 p57
 Part 3

Chapter 35. Safety Services

Emergency escape lighting,

Fire detection and fire alarm systems,

Installations for fire pumps,

Firefighters lifts,

Smoke and heat extraction equipment

Recognized electric sources for safety services are:-

Storage batteries
Primary cells
Independent generator sets
Separate feeders BS 7671 p58
 Part 3

361.1 Continuity of service

Each circuit shall be assessed to ensure safety and continuity of service.

The following characteristics should be considered:

Type of Earthing System, TNS TNCS, IT or TT

Type of protective device used,

How many of circuits are there,

Multiple power supplies, PV, Wind turbine or Generators,

Monitoring devices, RCMs, IMDs, IFLS, OCPD or RCDs,

BS 7671 p58
 Part 4
PROTECTION FOR SAFETY

Ch. 41 PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK,

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

Ch. 43 PROTECTION AGAINST OVER CURRENT,

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES,

Ch. 45 Not used,

Ch. 46 ISOLATION AND SWITCHING,

Note: Part 4 is the most used part of this book BS7671

BS 7671 p59
 Part 4

410 – Protection against electric shock

The fundamental rule of protection against electric shock is:

‘… hazardous-live-parts must not be accessible and accessible

conductive parts must not be hazardous live; either in use without
a fault or in single fault conditions’
Reference to BS EN 61140

BS 7671 p62
 Part 4

410 – Protection against electric shock

410.3.2 A protective measure shall consist of:

(i) an appropriate combination of a provision for basic protection and an

independent provision for fault protection, or

(ii) an enhanced protective provision which provides both basic

protection and fault protection.
BS 7671 p62
 Part 4 - Ch. 41 – Protective Measures
415
BASIC &
ADDITIONAL
411 ADS FAULT
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
BY RCD

DOUBLE OR BASIC &

412 REINFORCED FAULT
INSULATION PROTECTION

BASIC &
ELECTRICAL
413 FAULT
SEPARATION
PROTECTION

BASIC &
ELV
414 FAULT
SELV or PELV BS 7671 p62
PROTECTION
 Part 4

411 – Protective measure

ADS - Automatic Disconnection of Supply
Automatic disconnection of supply (ADS ) is an automatic cut out in case of
a fault, a device replaced the most commonly used fuses.

BS 7671 p63
 Part 4

411 - Main protective earthing

411 .3.1.1 Protective earthing

A circuit protective conductor shall be run to and terminated at each point in

wiring and at each accessory except a Lamp holder having no exposed-
conductive-parts and suspended from such a point.

BS 7671 p63
 Part 4
411 - Main protective bonding conductors
411 .3.1.2 Protective equipotential bonding
In each installation main protective bonding conductors
shall connect to the main earthing terminal extraneous-conductive-parts

NEW Entry
Metallic pipes entering the building having an insulating section at their point
of entry need not be connected to the protective equipotential bonding.

BS 7671 p64
 Part 4

411 - Automatic disconnection in case of a fault

411 .3.2
The protective device shall be suitable for isolation of at least the line conductor

411 .3.2.2
Maximum disconnection times stated in Table 41.1 shall be applied to final
circuits with a rated current not exceeding:
(i) 63 A with one or more socket-outlets, and
(ii) 32 A supplying only fixed connected current-using equipment.

BS 7671 p64
 Part 4

Table 41.1 Maximum disconnection times

Table
41.1 to 41.5

Is the most
used part of
this book

BS 7671 p65
 Part 4

Additional protection
Note:

RCDs should be mechanically tested every 6 months, and the results should be recorded

411.3.3

(≤ 30 mA) RCD protection for:

(i) socket-outlets with a rated current not exceeding 32A, and

(ii) mobile equipment with a rated current not exceeding 32A for use outdoors

411.4.5
An RCD shall not be used in a TN-C system BS 7671 p. 65
Part 4 - Earth fault loop impedance values
Tables 41.2 – 41.4

Values within Tables 41.2 – 41.4 are tabulated values

Use rule of thumb for acceptable values
Example, Tabulated value X 0.8 = Acceptable value

BS 7671 p67to p69

 Part 4

Table 41.5 Earth fault loop impedance values

Maximum earth
Rated residual fault loop
current (mA) impedance
Zs (Ohms)

30 1667
100 500
300 167
500 100

NOTE 2:

The resistance of the installation earth electrode should be as low as

practicable. A value exceeding 200 ohms may not be stable.
BS 7671 p70
 Part 4
Earth fault loop impedance values
Table 41.6
Take note!!

Reduced Low Voltage 110v

Maximum earth fault loop impedance

(Zs) for 5 s disconnection time

Single phase U0 of 55 V
Three-phase 63.5 V

Circuit breaker types B, C & D

Fuses BS 88 – 2

BS 7671 p73
412.1.1 – Double or reinforced insulation

Double or reinforced protective measure generally applies to individual

items of equipment such as:

Current-using equipment: electric irons, assemblies of switchgear and control gear

assembly and Luminaires,

NOTE:
This protective measure is intended to prevent the appearance of a dangerous voltage
on the accessible parts of electrical equipment through a fault in the basic insulation.

BS 7671 p. 75
412.1.2 – Double or reinforced insulation

Where it is intended to use double or reinforced insulation as the sole

protective measure in an installation it should be:

under effective supervision

no change made would impair the effectiveness of the protective measure.

BS 7671 p. 75
 Part 4

An example of double insulation

 Part 4

412 – Equipment to be identified

Symbol for Class II construction mark

 Part 4

413 – Protective measure: Electrical separation

230 V from 230 V

earthed supply (unearthed supply)

Courtesy of GET
 Part 4

413 – Electrical Separation

Non-earthed output of an isolation transformer would prevent shock
when using faulty equipment attached to it and touch an exposed and
extraneous conducting part simultaneously.

Usually 115
V or 230 V Do not confuse
ac this with the
ELV –
Extra Low
Voltage source;
they are two
similar but
different system

BS 7671 p.76
 Part 4

414 – ELV provided by SELV or PELV

SELV - Separated extra-low voltage

( No Protective Earth connection available at the output)

PELV - Protective extra-low voltage –

(There is is Protective Earth connection at the output)

Safety is achieved by:

Limiting output voltage to no more then 50 V ac or 120 V dc
Input source must be RCD protected
BS 7671 p. 77
 Part 4

414 – SELV Transformer

BS EN 61558-2-6 safety isolating transformer

BS 7671 p.77
p.224
Output Connections to
Earth-free SELV circuit
 Part 4

414 – ELV provided by SELV or PELV

Non-earthed output of an ELV isolation transformer
would prevent shock when using faulty CLASS III
equipment attached to it and touch an exposed and
extraneous conducting part simultaneously.

ELV

Extra Low
Voltage source

0 – 50 V ac or
0 – 120 V dc

BS 7671 p.78
 Part 4

414 – PELV System

Connections to
PELV circuit
There is is Protective
Earth connection at the
output
 Part 4

415 – ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

In all electrical installation it is necessary to have both
Basic protection and Fault protection
However,

Additional protection may be required with the protective measure under certain
conditions of external influence and in certain special locations

Additional protection can be provided with both or either one of following:

RCDs with no more then 30 mA fault current or

Supplementary bonding
BS 7671 p.79
 Part 4 - Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS

421.1.1
Persons, livestock and property shall be protected against harmful effects of heat or fire which may
be generated or propagated in electrical installations.

NOTE 1: Harmful effects of heat or fire may be caused by:

heat accumulation, heat radiation, hot components or equipment

failure of electrical equipment such as protective devices, switchgear, thermostats,

temperature limiters, seals of cable penetrations and wiring systems

Overcurrent

insulation faults or arcs, sparks and high temperature particles

harmonic currents
BS 7671 p.84
external influences such as lightning surge

inappropriate selection or erection of equipment

 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

421.1.201
Within domestic (household) premises, consumer units and similar switchgear
assemblies shall comply with BS EN 61439-3 and shall
(i) have their enclosure manufactured from non-combustible material,

NOTE:
Ferrous metal, e.g. steel, is deemed to be an example of a non-combustible material.

BS 7671 p. 85
 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

421.1.7
Arc fault detection devices conforming to BS EN 62606 are recommended as a means of
providing additional protection against fire caused by arc faults in AC final circuits,

If used, an AFDD shall be placed at the origin of the circuit to be protected

• locations with a risk of fire due to the nature of processed or stored materials, i.e. BE2 locations
(e.g. barns, woodworking shops, stores of combustible materials)

• locations with combustible constructional materials, i.e. CA2 locations (e.g. wooden buildings)

• fire propagating structures, i.e. CB2 locations

BS 7671 p.86
• locations with endangering of irreplaceable goods. App 5 - p.492
 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

422.2

Conditions for evacuation In an emergency

The following regulations refer to conditions:

BD2: Low density occupation, difficult conditions of evacuation,

BS 7671 p.86
BD3: High density occupation, easy conditions of evacuation,
App 5 - p.552
BD4: High density occupation, difficult conditions of evacuation,
 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

Locations with risks of fire due to the nature of processed or stored materials
422.3.1
Except for equipment for which an appropriate product standard specifies requirements, a luminaire shall be
kept at an adequate distance from combustible materials. Unless otherwise recommended by the
manufacturer, a small spotlight or projector shall be installed at the following minimum distance from
combustible materials:

(i) Rating up to 100 W 0.5 m

(ii) Over I 00 and up to 300 W 0.8 m

(i) Over 300 and up to 500 W 1.0 m

BS 7671 p.87
 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

422.3.2
Measures shall be taken to prevent an enclosure of electrical equipment such as a heater or
resistor from exceeding the following temperatures:

(i) 90 Deg Centigrade under normal conditions,

(ii) 115 Deg Centigrade under fault conditions,

BS 7671 p.88
 Part 4

Ch. 42 PROTECTION AGAINST THERMAL EFFECTS,

422.3.7

A motor which is automatically or remotely controlled or which is not continuously

supervised shall be protected against excessive temperature by a

protective device with manual reset

BS 7671 p.88
 Part 4

Ch. 43 PROTECTION AGAINST OVERCURRENT

433.1.202

Where the protective device is a semi-enclosed fuse to BS 3036 compliance with

condition (iii) of Regulation 433.1.1 is afforded if its rated current (In) does not
exceed 0.725 times the current-carrying capacity (Iz) of the lowest rated conductor
in the circuit protected.

Cf = 0.725 for more detail see to Appendix 4 p.424

BS 7671 p.95
 Part 4

Ch. 43 PROTECTION AGAINST OVERCURRENT

434.5.2
The time, t, in which a given fault current will raise the live conductors from the
highest permissible temperature in normal duty to the limiting temperature, can, as
an approximation, be calculated from the formula:

See also page 199 - 200 for calculation of earth cable

size

BS 7671 p.98
Part 4

Pay attention to
the K factor
values for

different cable
materials and
cable sizes, you
need these to
calculate the
adiabatic equation
S values

Page 200

BS 7671 p.99
 Part 4

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

442.1.1

Section 442 gives rules for the designer and installer of the substation. It is
necessary to have the following information on the high voltage system:

7 items are listed here:

All of these would give a temporary over voltage.

BS 7671 p.102
 Part 4

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

443 New Entry (Now removed from AMD2)

PROTECTION AGAINST TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES OF ATMOSPHERIC ORIGIN OR

DUE TO SWITCHING

NOTE 1:

For risk management for protect ion against transient over voltages due to
direct or nearby lightning strokes on the structure, see BS EN 62305-2.
 Part 4

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

443 New Entry (Now removed from AMD2)
Risk assessment method
Calculated risk level (CRL) is used to determine if protection against transient over voltages of atmospheric
origin is required.
The CRL is found by the following formula:

CRL = f env / (Lp X Ng)

where:
f env is an environmental factor selected according to Table 443 .l
Lp is the risk assessment length in km (see below)
Ng is the lightning ground flash density (flashes per km2 per year) relevant to the
location of the power line and connected structure (see Figure 44.2 ).
Part 4

These calculations are put

together to see if the
installation requires an
SPD
Surge Protection Device

If the result of your

calculation is more then
1000

SPD protection is not

required
 Part 4 - Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

444.4.1
Sources of electromagnetic disturbances
Consideration shall be given to the location of the sources of electromagnetic disturbances relative to the
positioning of other equipment Potential sources of electromagnetic disturbances within an installation
typically include:

(i) switching devices for inductive loads

(ii) electric motors
(iii) fluorescent lighting
(iv) welding machines
(v) rectifiers
(vi) choppers
(vii) frequency convertors/regulators including Variable Speed Drives (VSDs)
(viii) lifts
( ix) transformers
(x) switchgear BS 7671 p.108
(xi) power distribution busbars.
 Part 4

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

444.5.3
Sizing and installation of copper bonding ring network conductors,
Equipotential bonding designed as a bonding ring network shall have the following minimum
nominal dimensions:

(i) Flat cross-section: 25 mm x 3 mm,

(ii) Round diameter: 8 mm.

BS 7671 p. 114
 Part 4

Ch. 44 PROTECTION AGAINST VOLTAGE DISTURBANCES

444.5.7.2
Cross-sectional area of the earthing busbar,

For installations connected to a supply having a capacity of 200 A per phase or more, the cross-
sectional area of the earthing bus bar shall be not less than 50 mm2 copper and shall be selected in
accordance with Regulation 444.5.2(iii).

BS 7671 p. 114
 Part 4

Ch. 46 ISOLATION AND SWITCHING

461.2

In TN-C systems and TN-C-S systems, the PEN conductor

shall not be isolated or switched

BS 7671 p. 121
 Part 4

Ch. 46 ISOLATION AND SWITCHING

463.3.1

Motor control circuits shall be designed so as to prevent any motor from

restarting automatically after a stoppage due to a fall in or loss of voltage, if
such starting is liable to cause danger.

BS 7671 p. 123
Part 5

SELECTION AND ERECTION OF EQUIPMENT

 Part 5

Part 5 - Selection and Erection of Equipment

Ch. 51 Common rules (Compliance with Standards, external influences,

identification (circuit and wiring systems) notices, etc.)

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems (types of wiring system,

mechanical protection including cables in walls etc.)

Ch. 53 Protection, isolation, switching control and monitoring

Ch. 54 Earthing arrangements and protective conductors (sizing of CPCs,

earthing conductors and main bonding conductors)

Ch. 55 Other equipment (generators, transformers etc and Section 559

Luminaires and lighting installations)

Ch. 56 Safety services (Sources, circuits and wiring systems)

 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

511 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

511 .1
Every item of equipment shall comply with the relevant requirements of the applicable British or
Harmonized Standard, appropriate to the intended use of the equipment The edition of the standard shall
be the current edition, with those amendments pertaining at a date to be agreed by the parties to the
contract concerned (see Appendix I).

Alternatively, if equipment complying with a foreign national standard based on an IEC Standard is
to be used, the designer or other person responsible for specifying the installation shall verify that any
differences between that standard and the corresponding British or Harmonized Standard will not
result in a lesser degree of safety than that afforded by compliance with the British or Harmonized
Standard. Such use shall be recorded on the appropriate electrical certification specified
in Part 6.
BS 7671 p.130
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

512.1.5 Compatibility
Every item of equipment shall be selected and erected so that it will neither cause harmful
effects to other equipment nor impair the supply during normal service including switching
operations

Switchgear, protective devices, accessories and other types of equipment shall not be connected to
conductors intended to operate at a temperature exceeding 70 Degrees Centigrade at the equipment in
normal service unless the equipment manufacturer has confirmed that the equipment is suitable for
such conditions, or the conductor size shall be chosen based on the current ratings for 70 Degrees
Centigrade cables of a similar construction. See also Regulation 523.1 and Table 4A3.

BS 7671 p.131
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

512.1.6 Impulse withstand voltage

Equipment shall be selected so that its impulse withstand voltage is at least equal to the
required minimum impulse withstand voltage according to the overvoltage category at the
point of installation as defined in Section 443.

For further details

See page 108 Table 443.2

BS 7671 p.131
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

514.4.1 Neutral or midpoint conductor

Where a circuit includes a neutral or midpoint conductor identified by colour, the colour used
shall be blue.

BS 7671 p.132
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

514.4.3 PEN conductor

A PEN conductor shall, when insulated, be marked by one of the following methods:

(i)
Green-and-yellow throughout its length with, in addition, blue markings at the terminations

OR

(ii)
Blue throughout its length, with green-and-yellow markings at the terminations
BS 7671 p.132
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Common Rules

514.5.4 Numeric
Conductors may be identified by numbers, the number 0 being reserved for the neutral or
midpoint conductor.

BS 7671 p.133
 Part 5

Functional Earth cable should

be cream colour

For Line conductors

you can use Pink or Turquoise
colours as well

These colours usually used

within control panels of some
equipment
BS 7671 p.132
 Part 5

Ch. 51 Warning Notice / LABELS

514.15
Warning notice: alternative supplies

514.14
Warning notice: non-standard colours
Deleted in AMD2 BS 7671 p.135
Part 5 - Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

521.5.1 Ferromagnetic enclosures: electromagnetic effects

The conductors of an AC circuit installed in a ferromagnetic enclosure shall be arranged so that all
line conductors and the neutral conductor, if any, and the appropriate protective conductor are
contained within the same enclosure.

Where such conductors enter a ferrous enclosure, they shall be arranged such that the conductors are
only collectively surrounded by ferromagnetic material

At the point of entry; the plate would need to be aluminium or

another non-ferrous metal,

OR

You need to cut slots between holes creating one hole to

minimise the eddy currents,
BS 7671 p.139
 Part 5

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

521.5.2
Single-core cables armoured with steel wire or steel tape shall not be used for an AC circuit

Single Core SWA Cable

Should be used for DC circuits only

OR

AC circuits but without using the steel armour as its return path, in this
case: Steel armour should be used for either Earth or Voltage kept at 0
potential.
BS 7671 p.140
 Part 5

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

521.9.1 Use of flexible cables

A flexible cable shall be used for fixed wiring only where the relevant provisions of the
Regulations are met Flexible cables used for fixed wiring shall be of the heavy duty type unless
the risk of damage during installation and service, due to impact or other mechanical stresses, is
low or has been minimised or protection against mechanical damage is provided.

BS 7671 p.140
 Part 5

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

521.10.202
Wiring systems shall be supported such that they will not be liable to premature collapse in
the event of a fire.

NOTE 4:
Suitably spaced steel or copper clips, saddles or ties are examples that will meet the requirements of
this regulation

BS 7671 p.140
 Part 5

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

522.6.202
A cable installed in a wall or partition at a depth of less than 50 mm from a surface of the wall
or partition shall:

be installed in a zone within I5O mm from the top of the wall or partition or
within I5O mm of an angle formed by two adjoining walls or partitions.

OR

(ii) comply with Regulation 522.6.204.

Where indent (i) but not indent (ii) applies, the cable shall be provided
with additional protection by means of an RCD having the characteristics 30 mA RCD
specified in Regulation 415 .1. 1.
BS 7671 p.142
 Part 5

Ch. 52 Selection and erection of wiring systems

522.6.203
Irrespective of its buried depth, a cable concealed in a wall or partition, the internal
construction of
which includes metallic parts, other than metallic fixings such as nails, screws and the like,
shall:

(i) be provided with additional protection by means of an RCD having the

characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1.1,
or
(ii) comply with Regulation 522.6.204. 30 mA RCD

BS 7671 p.142
 Part 5

TABLE 52.1 - Maximum operating temperatures for types of cable Insulation

523.1
The current, including any harmonic current, to be carried by any conductor for sustained periods
during normal operation shall be such that the appropriate temperature limit specified in Table 52.1 is
not exceeded. The value of current shall be selected in accordance with Regulation 523 .2, or
determined in accordance with Regulation 523.3.

BS 7671 p.144
 Part 5

TABLE 52.2- Ci - Cable surrounded by thermal insulation

Ci THERMAL INSULATION

BS 7671 p.144
BS7671 p.423
 Part 5

TABLE 52.3 - Minimum cross-sectional area of conductors

Signalling and control circuit’s minimum CSA should be no less then Copper 0.5 mm sq.

BS 7671 p.148
 Part 5

Connection of multi-wire, fine wire and very fine wire conductors

526.9.2

Soldering (tinning) of the whole conductor end of multi wire, fine wire and very fine wire conductors
is not permitted if screw terminals are used.

BS 7671 p.149
 Part 5

528 PROXIMITY OF WIRING SYSTEMS TO OTHER SERVICES

528.3.5

No cable shall be run in a lift or hoist well unless it forms part of the lift installation as defined in
BS EN 81 series.

BS 7671 p.152
 Part 5

Ch. 53 PROTECTION, ISOLATION, SWITCHING, CONTROL

AND MONITORING

531.1.1

DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK BY AUTOMATIC

DISCONNECTION OF SUPPLY

A warning notice shall be clearly displayed near the point of access to the associated part of the
installation controlled by the auto-reclosing device, indicating its automatic reclose function must be
disengaged prior to entry.

BS 7671 p.154
 Part 5

Ch. 53 PROTECTION, ISOLATION, SWITCHING, CONTROL

AND MONITORING

531.2.2 TN systems

In TN-S systems, the neutral need not be disconnected if the supply conditions are such that the
neutral conductor can be considered to be reliably at earth potential

In TN-C systems, the PEN conductor shall not be disconnected.

BS 7671 p.155
Part 5 - Ch. 53 PROTECTION, ISOLATION, SWITCHING, CONTROL
AND MONITORING

531.3.3 Types of RCD

(i) RCD Type AC: RCD tripping on alternating sinusoidal residual current, suddenly applied
or smoothly increasing

(ii) RCD Type A: RCD tripping on alternating sinusoidal residual current and on residual
pulsating direct current A , suddenly applied or smoothly increasing.
Note 1 – 6mA dc

(iii) RCD Type F: RCD for which tripping is achieved as for Type A and in addition:

NOTE 2: For RCD Type F, tripping is achieved for residual pulsating direct currents superimposed
on a smooth direct current up to 1 0 mA.

(iv) RCD Type B RCD for which tripping is achieved as for Type F and in addition:

(a) for residual sinusoidal alternating currents up to 1 kHz

NOTE 3:
For RCD Type B, tripping is achieved for residual pulsating direct currents superimposed on a smooth
direct current up to 0.4 times the rated residual current (I∧n) or 10 mA, whichever is the highest value.

BS 7671 p. 156 - 157

 Part 5

Ch. 53 PROTECTION, ISOLATION, SWITCHING, CONTROL

AND MONITORING

531 .3.5 RCDs for fault protection

531.3.5.2 TN system

An RCD shall not be used in a TN-C system

BS 7671 p. 155
 Part 5

532 DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE RISK OF FIRE

532. 2 Residual current devices (RCDs) for protection against the risk of fire

RCDs with a rated residual operating current not exceeding 300 mA shall be used. RCDs shall be
installed at the origin of the circuit to be protected

BS 7671 p.159
 Part 5

532 DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE RISK OF FIRE

532.6 Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs)

Where specified, arc fault detection devices shall be installed:

(i) at the origin of the final circuits to be protected, and

(ii) in AC single-phase circuits not exceeding 230 V.

BS 7671 p.160
 Part 5

534 DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE

534 DEVICES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE

This section focuses mainly on the requirements for the selection and erection of SPDs for protection
against transient overvoltages where required by Section 443, the BS EN 62305 series, or as otherwise
stated.

BS 7671 p.162
 Part 5

There are 3 types of SPDs

(Surge Protection Devices)

Appropriate type of SPDs

needs to be evaluated and
installed:

BS 7671 p.163
 Part 5

534 Selection and erection of SPDs

534.4.1.1 Where SPDs are required:

(i) SPDs installed at the origin of the electrical installation shall be Type I or Type 2

(ii) SPDs install led close to sensitive equipment to further protect against switching
transients originating within the building shall be Type 2 or Type 3.
534.4.1.3
Where the installation of SPDs is required by Section 443 and the structure is equipped with an
external lightning protection system or protection against the effects of direct lightning, Type I SPDs
shall be installed as close as possible to the origin of the electrical installation.

534.4.1.5
BS 7671 p.164
Type 2 or Type 3 SPDs shall be located in the fixed electrical installation
 Part 5

534 Selection and erection of SPDs

See to
Appendix 16
for further
information

Page 557

BS 7671 p.164
 Part 5

534 Selection and erection of SPDs

OCPD1 overcurrent protective device in the installation

OCPD2 overcurrent protective device specified by the

SPD manufacturer

SPD surge protective device

SPDA SPD Assembly

BS 7671 p.169

Consideration shall be given to limit the total wiring length of conductors between connection points of
the SPD assembly, which should preferably not exceed 0.5 m and in no case exceed 1.0 m.

BS 7671 p.171
 534 Selection and erection of SPDs

534.4.10 Connecting conductors of SPDs

SPDs
- 6 mm2 copper or equivalent for Type 2 SPDs installed at or near the origin of the installation
16 mm2 copper or equivalent for Type I SPDs installed at or near the origin of the installation.

SPDs and the OCPDs

2.5 mm2 copper or equivalent for Type 2 SPDs installed at or near the origin of the installation
6 mm2 copper or equivalent for Type I SPDs installed at or near the origin of the installation.

BS 7671 p.173
 Part 5

537 ISOLATION AND SWITCHING

TABLE 537.4

Guidance on the selection of protective,

isolation and switching devices

See to page 121 Ch. 46

for further information regarding the
theory behind isolation and switching

BS 7671 p. 183 - 184

 Part 5

538.4 Residual current monitors (RCMs)

538.4.1

RCMs are not intended to provide protection against electric shock.

Where an RCD is installed upstream of the RCM, it is recommended that the RCM be set to a
residual actuating current no higher than half of the rated residual operating current of
the RCD.

BS 7671 p.190
 Part 5

Ch. 54 EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS

542.2.2
Suitable earth electrodes shall be used. The following types of earth electrode are
recognised for the purposes of the Regulations:

(i) Earth rods or pipes

(ii) Earth tapes or wires
(iii) Earth plates
(iv) Underground structural metalwork embedded in foundations or other metalwork installed in the
foundations
(v) Welded metal reinforcement of concrete (except pre-stressed concrete) embedded in the ground
(vi) Lead sheaths and other metal coverings of cables, where not precluded by Regulation 542.2.5
(vii) other suitable underground metalwork.

NOTE: Further information on earth electrodes can be found in BS 7430. BS 7671 p.198
 Part 5

Ch. 54 EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE

CONDUCTORS
542.2.6

A metallic pipe for gases or flammable liquids shall not be used as an earth
electrode

BS 7671 p.198
 Part 5

Ch. 54 EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE

CONDUCTORS

Minimum Size of Normal Electrode used should be

Copper 25 mm sq
Steel 50 mm sq BS 7671 p.198
 Part 5

Ch. 54 EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE

CONDUCTORS
543.1.3
The cross-sectional area, where calculated, shall be not less than the value determined by
the following formula or shall be obtained by reference to BS 7454:

See to page 98
for calculation of time taken for BS 7671 p.199
protective conductor to break
during an earth fault condition
 Part 5

Ch. 54 EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS

543.7
Earthing requirements for the Installation of equipment having high protective conductor currents

543.7.1.202

Equipment having a protective conductor current exceeding 3.5 mA but not exceeding I 0 mA, shall
be either permanently connected to the fixed wiring of the installation without the use of a plug and
socket-outlet or connected by means of a plug and socket-outlet complying with BS EN 60309-2.
Commando Socket

BS 7671 p.204
 Part 5

Ch. 55 OTHER EQUIPMENT

Rotating machines

552.1.2

Every electric motor having a rating exceeding 0.37 kW shall be provided with control
equipment incorporating means of protection against overload of the motor. This
requirement does not apply to a motor incorporated in an item of current-using equipment complying
as a whole with an appropriate British or Harmonized Standard.

BS 7671 p.212
 Part 5

Ch. 55 OTHER EQUIPMENT

TRANSFORMERS

555.1.2
A step-up autotransformer shall not be connected to an IT system.

BS 7671 p.215

559.9 Stroboscopic effect

In the case of lighting for premises where machines with moving parts are in
operation, consideration shall be given to stroboscopic effects which can give a
misleading impression of moving parts being stationary.

BS 7671 p.223
 Part 5

Ch. 55 OTHER EQUIPMENT

TABLE 55.3

Explanation of symbols used in luminaires,

In control gear for luminaires and
In the Installation of luminaires

BS 7671 p.224
Part 6

INSPECTION AND TESTING

 Part 6

Part 6 – Inspection and Testing

Ch. 61 NOT USED

Ch. 62 NOT USED

Ch. 63 NOT USED

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

Ch. 65 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING

Read both Chapters 64 and 65 in full BS 7671 p.230

 Part 6

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

641 .1

Every installation shall, during erection and on completion before

being put into service, be inspected and tested to verify, so far as is
reasonably practicable, that the requirements of the Regulations have
been met.

BS 7671 p.232
 Part 6

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

INSPECTION

642.1

Inspection shall precede testing and shall normally be done with that
part of the installation under inspection disconnected from the supply.

BS 7671 p.233
 Part 6

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

643 TESTING

The tests of Regulations 643.2 to 643.11 , where relevant, shall be carried out
and the results compared with relevant criteria.

BS 7671 p.233
 Part 6

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

Table 64 Insulation resistance
Test results should be compared with these minimum insulation resistance requirements
listed in the table below:

BS 7671 p.234
 Part 6

Ch. 64 INITIAL VERIFICATION

CERTIFICATION FOR INITIAL VERIFICATION

644.1
Except where Regulation 644.4.20 I applies, upon completion of the verification of a new
installation or an addition or alteration to an existing installation, including the
replacement of a distribution board or consumer unit, an Electrical Installation
Certificate based on the model given in Appendix 6 shall be issued to the person ordering
the work.
644.1.1
For a new installation, any defect or omission revealed during the inspection
and testing shall be corrected before the Certificate is issued.
BS 7671 p.238
 Part 6

Ch. 65 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING

651 .1
Where required, periodic inspection and testing of every electrical installation shall be
carried out in accordance with Regulations 651.2 to 651.5 in order to determine, so far as
is reasonably practicable, whether the installation is in a satisfactory condition for
continued service.

Wherever possible, the documentation arising from the initial certification and any
previous periodic inspection and testing shall be taken into account.

Where no previous documentation is available, investigation of the electrical installation

shall be undertaken prior to carrying out the periodic inspection and testing.

BS 7671 p.239
 Part 6

Ch. 65 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING

651 .2

Periodic inspection shall be carried out without dismantling, or with partial dismantling,
as required, supplemented by appropriate tests and measurements from Chapter 64, to
provide for:

NOTE 1:

A generic list of examples of items requiring inspection is given in Appendix 6.

BS 7671 p.239
 Part 6

Ch. 65 PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING

REPORTING FOR PERIODIC INSPECTION AND TESTING

653.1

Upon completion of the periodic inspection and testing of an existing installation, an

Electrical Installation Condition Report based on the model given in Appendix 6 shall be
produced.

BS 7671 p.239
Part 7

SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS OR LOCATIONS

PART 7 - SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS OR LOCATIONS

There are 20 Sections within Part 7 and we will be looking at few of these sections as seen below:

BS 7671 p.241
 Part 7

701 LOCATIONS CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER

701 .1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to the electrical

installations in locations containing a fixed bath (bath tub, birthing pool)
or shower and to the surrounding zones as described in these regulations

BS 7671 p.242
 Part 7

701 LOCATIONS CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER

Selection and erection of equipment

701 .512.2 External Influences

Installed electrical equipment shall have at least the following degrees of protection:

(i) In zone 0: IPX7

(ii) In zones 1 and 2: IPX4.

BS 7671 p.244
 Part 7

701 LOCATIONS CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER

External Influences Continued;
701.512.3
Erection of switchgear, control gear and accessories according to external Influences
In zone 0:
switchgear or accessories shall not be installed.
In zone 1:
only switches of SELV circuits supplied at a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms or 30 V
ripple-free DC shall be installed, the safety source being installed outside zones 0, I and 2.

In zone 2:
switchgear, accessories incorporating switches or socket-outlets shall not be installed with the
exception of:

(i) switches and socket-outlets of SELV circuits, the safety source being installed outside zones 0, I
and 2,and
(ii) shaver supply units complying with BS EN 6 1558-2-5.

BS 7671 p.244
 Part 7

701 LOCATIONS CONTAINING A BATH OR SHOWER

701.55 Current-using equipment

In zone 0,

(iii) The equipment is protected by SELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms or 30 V
ripple-free DC, the safety source being installed outside zones 0, I and 2.

In zone 1,
(vii) Equipment protected by SELV or PELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 25 V AC rms or 60
V ripple-free DC, the safety source being installed outside zones 0, I and 2

BS 7671 p.244
 Part 7

702 SWIMMING POOLS AND OTHER BASINS

702.11 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to the basins of swimming pools, the
basins of fountains and the basins of paddling pools. The particular requirements also
apply to the surrounding zones of these basins.

BS 7671 p.247
 Part 7

702 SWIMMING POOLS AND OTHER BASINS

702.410.3.4.1

Zones 0 and 1

Except for fountains as stated in Regulation 702.410.3.4.2, in zone 0 only protection by

SELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms or 30 V ripple-free DC is
permitted, the source for SELV being installed outside zones 0, I and 2.
BS 7671 p.248

Except for fountains as stated in Regulation 702.410.3.4.2, in zone I only protection by

SELV at a nominal voltage not exceeding 25 V AC rms or 60 V ripple-free DC is
permitted, the source for SELV being installed outside zones 0, I and 2.

BS 7671 p.248
 Part 7

702 SWIMMING POOLS AND OTHER BASINS

702.512.2 External influences

Electrical equipment shall have at least the following degree of protection according to BS EN 60529:

(ii) Zone 1: IPX4, IPX5 where water jets are likely to occur for cleaning purposes

(iii) zone 2: IPX2 for indoor locations, IPX4 for outdoor locations,
IPX5 where water jets are likely to occur for cleaning purposes.

BS 7671 p.249
 Part 7

702 SWIMMING POOLS AND OTHER BASINS

702.55.4
Special requirements for the Installation of electrical equipment In zone 1 of
swimming pools and other basins
Fixed equipment designed for use in swimming pools and other basins (e.g. filtration systems, jet
stream pumps) and supplied at low voltage is permitted in zone l, subject to all the following
requirements being met:

(i)
The equipment shall be located inside an insulating enclosure providing at least Class II or equivalent
insulation and providing protection against mechanical impact of medium severity (AG2).
BS 7671 p.250
 Part 7

703 ROOMS AND CABINS CONTAINING SAUNA HEATERS

703.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to:

(i) sauna cabins erected on site, e.g. in a location or in a room

(ii) the room where the sauna heater is, or the sauna heating appliances are installed. In this case the
whole room is considered as the sauna.

The requirements of this section do not apply to prefabricated sauna cabins complying with a relevant
equipment standard.

Where facilities such as showers etc. are installed, the requirements of Section 701 also apply.

BS 7671 p.256
 Part 7

703 ROOMS AND CABINS CONTAINING SAUNA HEATERS

703.512.2 External influences

The equipment shall have a degree of protection of at least IPX4.
Where cleaning by use of water jets may be reasonably expected, electrical equipment
shall have a degree of protection of at least IPX5.

(iii)
In zone 3: the equipment shall withstand a minimum temperature of 125 Degrees
Centigrade and the insulation and sheaths of cables shall withstand a minimum
temperature of 170 Degrees Centigrade (see also Regulation 703.52 for wiring).

BS 7671 p.257
PART 7 - 704 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION SITE INSTALLATIONS

704.1 SCOPE
The particular requirements of this section apply to temporary installations for construction and
demolition sites during the period of the construction or demolition work, including, for example, the
following:

(i) construction work of new buildings

(ii) repair, alteration, extension or demolition of existing buildings or parts of existing buildings

(iii) engineering works

(iv) Earthworks

(v) work of similar nature.

The requirements apply to fixed and movable installations.

This section does not apply to installations in administrative locations of construction sites (e.g. offices,
cloakrooms, meeting rooms, canteens, restaurants, dormitories, toilets), where the general
requirements of Parts 1 to 6 apply

BS 7671 p.258
 Part 7

704 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION SITE INSTALLATIONS

704.410.3.6 The protective measures of:

- non-conducting location,
- earth-free equipotential bonding, and
- electrical separation for the supply of more than one current-using equipment
as specified in Regulation 418.3

shall not be used.

BS 7671 p.258
 Part 7

705 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PREMISES

705.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to fixed electrical installations indoors and outdoors in
agricultural and horticultural premises. Some of the requirements are also applicable to other locations that
are in common buildings belonging to the agricultural and horticultural premises. Where special
requirements also apply to residences and other locations in such common buildings this is stated in the text
of the relevant regulations.

Rooms, locations and areas for household applications and similar are not covered by this section.

NOTE: Section 705 does not cover electric fence installations. Refer to BS EN 60335-2-76.

BS 7671 p.260
 Part 7

705 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PREMISES

705.411 .1 General
In circuits, whatever the type of earthing system, the following disconnection devices shall be provided:

(i) In fi nal circuits supplying socket-outlets with rated current not exceeding 32 A, an RCD having the
characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1 .1 30 mA RCD

(ii) In final ci rcuits supplying socket-outlets with rated current more than 32 A, an RCD with a rated
residual operating current not exceeding 100 rnA

(iii) In all other circuits, RCDs with a rated residual operating current not exceeding 300 rnA.

BS 7671 p.260
 Part 7

705 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PREMISES

Protection against thermal effects

705.422 Measures for protection against fire
705.422.6
Electrical heating appliances used for the breeding and rearing of livestock shall comply with
BS EN 60335-2-71 and shall be fixed so as to maintain an appropriate distance from livestock and
combustible material, to minimize any risks of bums to livestock and of fire. For radiant heaters the
clearance shall be not less than 0.5 m or such other clearance as recommended by the manufacturer.

705.422.7
For additional fire protection purposes in some circumstances, RCDs shall be installed with a rated residual
operating current not exceeding 300 mA. RCDs shall disconnect all live conductors.

Where improved continuity of service is required, RCDs not protecting socket-outlets shall be of the
type S or have a time delay.

BS 7671 p.261
 Part 7

705 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL PREMISES

705.522 Selection and erection of wiring systems in relation to external influences

In locations accessible to, and enclosing, livestock, wiring systems shall be erected so that they are
inaccessible to livestock or suitably protected against mechanical damage.

Overhead lines shall be insulated.

In areas of agricultural premises where vehicles and mobile agricultural machines are operated, the
following methods of installation shall be applied:

(i) Cables shall be buried in the ground at a depth of at least 0.6 m with added mechanical protection,

(ii) Cables in arable or cultivated ground shall be buried at a depth of at least 1 m,

(iii) Self-supporting suspension cables shall be installed at a height of at least 6 m.

BS 7671 p.262
 Part 7

708 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CARAVAN / CAMPING PARKS

AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

NOTE:
In order not to mix requirements on different subjects, such as those for electrical
installations of caravan parks with those for electrical installations ins ide
caravans, refer to:
- Section 708, which concerns electrical installations in caravan parks, camping
parks and similar locations and

- Section 721, which concerns electrical installations in caravans and motor

caravans.

BS 7671 p.267
 Part 7

708
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CARAVAN / CAMPING PARKS
AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS
708.313 Supplies
The nominal supply voltage of the installation for the supply of leisure
accommodation vehicles shall not exceed 230 V AC single-phase or 400 V AC
three-phase or 48 V DC.

708.411 .4 TN system

The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR) prohibit

the connection of a PME earthing facility to any metalwork in a leisure
accommodation vehicle (including a caravan).

BS 7671 p.267
 Part 7

708
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CARAVAN / CAMPING PARKS
AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS
708.521 .7.2 Underground cables

NOTE 1:
A depth of 0.6 m is generally considered as a minimum depth to fulfil
this requirement Alternatively, the cable may be installed outs ide the pitch or
other area where tent pegs or ground anchors may be driven.

708.521 .7.3 Overhead cables and overhead insulated conductors

Every overhead conductor shall be at a height above ground of not less than
6 m in all areas subject to the movement of vehicles and 3.5 m in all other
areas.

BS 7671 p.268
 Part 7

708
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CARAVAN / CAMPING PARKS
AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

708.55.1.6

The lowest part of any socket-outlet shall be placed at a height between 0.5m and
1.5m from the ground.

BS 7671 p.269
 Part 7

708
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CARAVAN / CAMPING PARKS
AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

Plugs complying with BS EN 60309-2

- a flexible cable type to HOSRN-F or H07RN-F (BS EN 50525-2-21) or

equivalent, with a protective conductor and having the following
characteristics:

• continuous length 25m (±2m)

• for current rating 16A, minimum cross-sectional area: 2.5 mm2 For a higher
current rating, the cross sectional area must be chosen so that secure tripping
of the overcurrent protective device is achieved at the lowest fault current
calculated at the end of the cable extension set

BS 7671 p.268 - 270

 Part 7

709 MARINAS AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

709.1 Scope
The particular requirements of this section are applicable only to circuits intended
to supply pleasure craft or houseboats in marinas and similar locations.

NOTE 1:
In this section 'marina' means 'marina and similar locations'.

The particular requirements do not apply to the supply to houseboats if they are
supplied directly from the public network.

The particular requirements do not apply to the internal electrical installations of

pleasure craft or houseboats.

BS 7671 p271
 Part 7

709 MARINAS AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

709.512.2.1.1 Presence of water (AD)

In marinas, equipment installed on or above a jetty, wharf, pier or pontoon shall be
selected as follows, according to the external influences which may be present:

(i) Water splashes (AD4) IPX4

(ii) Water jets (AD5) IPX5

(iii) Water waves (AD6) IPX6.

BS 7671 p. 271
 Part 7

709 MARINAS AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

709.553.1.13

Socket-outlets shall be placed at a height of not less than 1 m above the

highest water level. In the case of floating pontoons or walkways only,

this height may be reduced to 300 mm above the highest water level provided
that appropriate additional measures are taken to protect against the effects of
splashing.
BS 7671 p. 273
 Part 7

709 MARINAS AND SIMILAR LOCATIONS

Figs 709.1 & 2

Examples of methods of
obtaining supply in marinas

BS 7671 p. 274
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

710.1 Scope
The particular requirements of this section apply to patient healthcare facilities, such as, hospitals, private
clinics, medical and dental practices, healthcare centres and dedicated medical rooms in the workplace to
provide for the safety of patients and medical staff.

This section also applies to electrical installations in locations designed for medical research on patients.

The requirements of this section do not apply to medical electrical (ME) equipment.

NOTE 4: For ME equipment and ME systems, refer to the BS EN 6060 I series.

BS 7671 p. 276
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

710.3 Assessment of general characteristics

In order to determine the classification and Group number of a medical location, it is necessary that the
relevant
medical staff indicate which medical procedures will take place within the location. Based on the intended
use, the
appropriate classification for the location shall be determined.

NOTE 1:

(Guidance on the allocation of a Group number and classification of safety services

for medical locations is shown in Annex A 71 0.) p.287
BS 7671 p. 276
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

Automatic disconnection In case of a fault

710.411 .3.2.5
In medical locations of Group 1 and Group 2, the voltage presented between simultaneously accessible
exposed-conductive-parts and/or extraneous-conductive-parts shall not exceed 25 V AC or 60 V DC.

710.411 .4 TN system
Additional protection by RCDs having the characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1.1 shall be used:
(30 mA RCD)

(i) in final circuits of Group 1 with rated current not exceeding 32 A and below, and
(ii) in final circuits of Group 2, except those of the medical IT system specified in Regulation 710.411.6.

BS 7671 p. 277
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

Additional protection: Supplementary protective equipotential bonding

710.415.2.1
Supplementary equipotential bonding connection points for the connection of ME equipment shall be
available in Group 2 and should also be considered in Group 1 medical locations.

710.415.2.2
710.415.2.2 In medical locations of Group 1 and Group 2, the resistance of the protective
conductors between the earth terminal of any socket-outlet (or fixed equipment) and any exposed-
conductive-part and/or extraneous conductive- part shall be such that the voltages given in 71 0.411.3.2.5
are not exceeded, and the measured resistance between the earth terminal of any socket-outlet (or
fixed equipment) and any extraneous-conductive-part shall not exceed 0.2 Ohms.

BS 7671 p. 278
PART 7 - 710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

710.512.1.1 Transformers for medical IT systems

Transformers shall be in accordance with BS EN 61558-2-15, installed in close proximity to the medical
location and with the following additional requirements:

(i) The leakage current of the output winding to earth and the leakage current of the enclosure, when
measured in no-load condition and with the transformer supplied at rated voltage and rated
frequency, shall not exceed 0.5 rnA.

(ii) At least one single-phase transformer per room or functional group of rooms shall be used to form the
medical IT systems for mobile and fixed equipment. The rated output shall be not less than 0.5
kVA and shall not exceed 1 0 kVA. Where several transformers are needed to supply equipment in
one room, they shall not be connected in parallel.

(iii) If the supply of three-phase loads via a medical IT system is also required, a separate three-phase
transformer shall be provided for this purpose.

For monitoring see Regulation 710.411.6.3 .I.

Capacitors shall not be used in transformers for medical IT systems.

BS 7671 p. 279
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

710.512.1.2 Power supply for medical locations of Group 2

In case of a fault or a failure of supply, a total loss of power in a Group 2

medical location shall be prevented.

BS 7671 p.280
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

710.553.1 Socket-outlet circuits in the medical IT system for medical locations of Group 2

Socket-outlets intended to supply ME equipment shall be unswitched.

Do not plug any chargers

on these sockets

Socket-outlets used on medical IT systems shall be coloured BLUE

and be clearly and permanently marked 'Medical Equipment Only'.
BS 7671 p.281
 Part 7

710 MEDICAL LOCATIONS

ANNEX A710

Examples for allocation of Group

numbers and classification for safety
services of medical locations

BS 7671 p. 287
 Part 7

711 EXHIBITIONS, SHOWS AND STANDS

711.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to the temporary electrical

installations in exhibitions, shows and stands (including mobile and portable
displays and equipment) to protect users.

BS 7671 p. 288
 Part 7

711 EXHIBITIONS, SHOWS AND STANDS

711.313 Supplies

The nominal supply voltage of a temporary electrical installation in an exhibition,

show or stand shall not exceed 230/400 V AC or 500 V DC.

General requirements

711 .410.3.4
A cable intended to supply temporary structures shall be protected at its origin by an
RCD whose rated residual operating current does not exceed 300 mA This device shall
provide a delay by using a device in accordance with BS EN 60947-2, or be of the type S in
accordance with BS EN 61008-1 or BS EN 6 1009-1 for selectivity with RCDs protecting
final circuits.

BS 7671 p.288
 Part 7

711 EXHIBITIONS, SHOWS AND STANDS

711 .410.3.101 Additional protection

Each socket-outlet circuit not exceeding 32 A and all final circuits other than for
emergency lighting shall be protected by an RCD ( 30 mA RCD ).

BS 7671 p. 285
 Part 7

712 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

712.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to the electrical installations of

PV power supply systems including systems with AC modules.

NOTE: Requirements for PV power supply systems which are intended for stand-
alone operation are under consideration.

BS 7671 p. 291
 Part 7

712 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

712.312.2 Type of earthing arrangement

Earthing of one of the live conductors of the DC side is permitted, if there is at
least simple separation between the AC side and the DC side.

712.412 Protective measure: Double or reinforced insulation

Protection by the use of Class II or equivalent insulation shall preferably be
adopted on the DC side.

Minimum size 4 mm2. Double insulated cable should be used

BS 7671 p. 291
 Part 7

714 OUTDOOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

714.1 Scope
This section applies to outdoor lighting installations comprising one or more luminaires, a wiring
system and accessories, and to highway power supplies and street furniture.

The following are included in outdoor lighting installations:

(i) Lighting installations such as those for roads, parks, car parks, gardens, places open to the
public, sporting areas, illumination of monuments and floodlighting

(ii) Other lighting arrangements in places such as telephone kiosks,

bus shelters, advertising panels and town plans

(iii) Road signs.

This page p.303 is the only place where you would see bus shelter BS 7671 p.302
 Part 7

714 OUTDOOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

Protective measure: Automatic disconnection of supply

714.411.202 A maximum disconnection time of 5 s shall apply to all circuits feeding

fixed equipment used in highway power supplies for compliance with Regulation 411.3.2.3
(TN system) or 411.3.2.4 (TT system).

BS 7671 p.302
 Part 7

714 OUTDOOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

714.411.203

Where an earth connection to a distributor's PME network has been provided for a street
electrical fixture,

The earthing and bonding conductor of a street electrical fixture shall have a minimum
copper equivalent cross-sectional area of 6 mm sq.

Neutral conductors with copper equivalent cross-sectional areas up to 10 mm2.

BS 7671 p.302
 Part 7

714 OUTDOOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

714.411.2.201 Provisions for basic protection

A door giving access to electrical equipment and located less than 2.50 m above
ground level shall be locked with a key or shall require the use of a tool for
access.

Must be protected with

At least a degree of protection IPXXB or IP2X by construction or by
installation, or by installing a barrier or an enclosure giving the same degree of
protection
BS 7671 p.302
 Part 7

715 EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

715.1 Scope

This section applies to extra-low voltage lighting installations supplied from a

source with a maximum rated voltage of 50 V AC or 120 V DC.

BS 7671 p.304
 Part 7

715 EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

715.414 Protective measure: Extra-low voltage provided by SELV or PELV

An extra-low voltage luminaire without provision for the connection of a protective
conductor shall be installed only as part of a SELV system.

Where bare conductors are used, the nominal voltage shall not exceed 25 V AC or 60 V
DC according to Regulation 414.4.5.

A safety isolating transformer for an extra-low voltage lighting installation shall comply
with BS EN 61558-2-6 and shall meet at least one of the requirements of Regulation 7
15.422.106.

NOTE 2: For an explanation of symbols used see Table 55.3. p.224 BS 7671 p. 304
 Part 7

715 EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

715.422.107.2

A device providing protection against the risk of fire shall meet all the following
requirements:

(ii) The device shall automatically disconnect the supply circuit within 0.3 s in the case of a
short-circuit or failure which causes a power increase of more than 60 W

BS 7671 p.304
 Part 7

715 EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

Cross-sectional area of conductors

715.524.201

The minimum cross-sectional area of the ELV conductors for connection to the output
terminals or terminations of transformers/convertors shall be chosen according to the load
current

In the case of systems with luminaires suspended from the conductors, the minimum cross-
sectional area of the ELV conductors for connection to the output terminals or
terminations of transformers /convertors shall be 4 mm2. for mechanical reasons.

BS 7671 p.305
 Part 7

721
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN
CARAVANS AND MOTOR CARAVANS

721.1 SCOPE

The particular requirements of this section apply to the electrical installations of

caravans and motor caravans at nominal voltages not exceeding 230/400 V AC or
48 V DC.

They do apply to those electrical circuits and equipment intended for the use of the
caravan for habitation purposes

BS 7671 p.315
 Part 7

721
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN
CARAVANS AND MOTOR CARAVANS

721.313.1.2 SUPPLIES

The nominal supply system voltage shall be chosen from BS EN 60038.

The nominal AC supply voltage of the installation of the caravan shall not exceed 230 V
single-phase or 400 V three-phase.

The nominal DC supply voltage of the installation of the caravan shall not exceed 48 V.

BS 7671 p.315
 Part 7

721 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS INCARAVANS AND MOTOR CARAVANS

PERIODIC INSPECTION

Preferably not less than once every

three years and annually if the
caravan is used frequently

BS 7671 p. 317
 Part 7

721. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS INCARAVANS AND MOTOR CARAVANS

721.522.8.1.3
All cables, unless enclosed in rigid conduit, and all flexible conduit shall be
supported at intervals not exceeding 0.4 m for vertical runs and 0.25 m for
horizontal runs.
BS 7671 p. 317

721 .524.1
The cross-sectional area of every conductor shall be not less than 1.5 mm2

BS 7671 p. 318
 Part 7

722 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

722.1 Scope
The particular requirements of this section apply to circuits intended to supply
electric vehicles for charging purposes.

The requirements of this section do not apply to electric vehicle charging points
that:

(i) employ inductive charging

(ii) charge mobility scooters and similar vehicles of 10 A and less.

BS 7671 p.325
 Part 7

722 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

722.410.3.6

The protective measures of non-conducting location (Regulation 418.1) and earth-

free local equipotential bonding (Regulation 418.2) shall not be used.

BS 7671 p. 325
 Part 7

722 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

722.411 .4.1
A PME earthing facility shall not be used
as the means of earthing for the protective conductor contact of a charging point
located outdoors or that might reasonably be expected to be used to charge a
vehicle located outdoors unless one of the following methods is used:

(i)
The charging point forms part of a three-phase installation that also supplies loads other than for electric
vehicle charging and, because of the characteristics of the load of the installation, the maximum voltage
between the main earthing terminal of the installation and Earth in the event of an open-circuit fault in the
PEN conductor of the low voltage network supplying the installation does not exceed 70 V rms.
BS 7671 p. 316
 Part 7

722 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

Devices for fault protection by automatic disconnection of supply

722.531.2.101
Except for circuits using the protective measure of electrical separation, each
charging point shall be protected by its own RCD of at least Type A, having a
rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA.

Each charging point incorporating a socket-outlet or vehicle connector complying with the BS EN 62196
series.
The appropriate measures, for each connection point, shall be as follows:

- RCD Type B; or
- RCD Type A and appropriate equipment that provides disconnection of the supply in case of DC fault
current above 6 mA.

BS 7671 p. 327
 Part 7

722 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INSTALLATIONS

722.55.101.3

One socket-outlet or vehicle connector shall supply only one electric vehicle.

722.55.101.5 (Removed from AMD2)

The lowest part of any socket-outlet shall be placed at a height of 0.5 to 1.5 m from the
ground.

BS 7671 p. 328
 Part 7

729 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE GANGWAYS

729.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to basic protection and other
aspects relating to the operation or maintenance of switchgear and control gear
within areas including gangways, where access is restricted to skilled or instructed
person(s).

BS 7671 p.331
 Part 7

729 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE GANGWAYS

Accessibility
729.513.2 Requirements for operating and maintenance gangways

The width of gangways and access areas shall be adequate for work, operational
access, emergency access, emergency evacuation and for transport of equipment

Gangways shall permit at least a 90 degree opening of equipment doors or hinged

panels (see also Annex A 729).

BS 7671 p. 331
 Part 7

729 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE GANGWAYS

729.513.2.1 Access to gangways

Doors giving access to gangways shall open outwards (see Figure 729.3) and they
shall have the following minimum dimensions:

(i) width 700 mm

(ii) height 2000 mm.

BS 7671 p.334
 Part 7

730
ONSHORE UNITS OF ELECTRICAL SHORE CONNECTIONS FOR
INLAND NAVIGATION VESSELS

730.1 Scope

The particular requirements of this section apply to onshore installations

dedicated to the supply of inland navigation vessels for commercial and
administrative purposes, berthed in ports and berths.

NOTE 1: For supplies to pleasure craft or houseboats in marinas and similar

locations, see Section 709.
BS 7671 p.336
 Part 7

730
ONSHORE UNITS OF ELECTRICAL SHORE CONNECTIONS FOR
INLAND NAVIGATION VESSELS

730.313.1.101 Supply

The nominal supply voltage shall be 400 V three-phase AC, 50 Hz.

730.313.1.102 Galvanic separation

Where a fixed onshore isolating transformer is used to prevent galvanic currents circulating
between the hull of the vessel and metallic parts on the shore side, equipment complying with
BS EN 61558-2-4 shall be used.

The protective conductor (PE) of the supply to the isolating transformer shall not be
connected to the earth terminal in the socket-outlet supplying the inland navigation vessel.

BS 7671 p.336
 Part 7

730
ONSHORE UNITS OF ELECTRICAL SHORE CONNECTIONS FOR
INLAND NAVIGATION VESSELS

ANNEX A730

Gives Examples of
methods of
obtaining supply

BS 7671 p. 339 - 340

 Part 7

740
TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR STRUCTURES,
AMUSEMENT DEVICES AND BOOTHS AT FAIRGROUNDS,
AMUSEMENT PARKS AND CIRCUSES

740.1.1 Scope
This section specifies the minimum electrical installation requirements to facilitate
the safe design, installation and operation of temporarily erected mobile or
transportable electrical machines and structures which incorporate electrical
equipment. The machines and structures are intended to be installed repeatedly,
without loss of safety, temporarily, at fairgrounds, amusement parks, circuses or
similar places.
This section does not apply to the internal electrical wiring of machines (see BS EN 60204-1 ).

BS 7671 p. 341
 Part 7

740
TEMPORARY ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR STRUCTURES,
AMUSEMENT DEVICES AND BOOTHS AT FAIRGROUNDS,
AMUSEMENT PARKS AND CIRCUSES

740.55.9 Electric dodgems

Electric dodgems shall only be operated at voltages not exceeding 50 V AC or

120 V DC. The circuit shall be electrically separated from the supply mains by
means of a transformer in accordance with BS EN 61558-2-4 or a motor-generator
set.

Bs 7671 p.345
 Part 7

753. HEATING CABLES AND EMBEDDED HEATING SYSTEMS

753.1 Scope
This section applies to embedded electric heating systems for surface heating. It also applies to
electric heating systems for de-icing, frost prevention and similar applications. Both indoor
and outdoor systems are covered. Heating systems for industrial and commercial applications
complying with relevant parts of BS EN 60519, BS EN 62395 and BS EN 60079 are not
covered.

NOTE:
Examples of heating systems covered by this Standard are heating systems for walls, ceilings,
floors, roofs, drainpipes, gutters, pipes, stairs, roadways, and non-hardened compacted areas
(e.g. football fields, lawns).
Bs 7671 p.346
 Part 7

753. HEATING CABLES AND EMBEDDED HEATING SYSTEMS

Protective measure: Automatic disconnection of supply

753.411.3.2
RCDs having the characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1.1 shall be used as
disconnecting devices.
NOTE 1:
Where Class II floor or ceiling heating units complying with the requirements of Regulations
412. 1.1 and 412.2.1.1 are used, the mesh metal grid detailed in Regulation 753.411.3.2 is not
required.

NOTE 2:
Limitation of the rated heating power to 7.5 kW/230 V or 13 kW/400 V downstream of a 30
mA RCD may avoid unwanted tripping due to leakage current.
BS 7671 p. 346
 Part 7

753. HEATING CABLES AND EMBEDDED HEATING SYSTEMS

Additional protection: RCDs

753.415.1

Circuits supplying heating units shall have additional protection by the use of RCDs having
the characteristics specified in Regulation 415.1 .1. Time delayed type RCDs shall not be
used.

BS 7671 p.346
 Part 7

753. HEATING CABLES AND EMBEDDED HEATING SYSTEMS

Protection against overheating

753.424.101
To meet the requirements of Chapter 42, special care shall be taken to prevent the heating
elements creating high temperatures to adjacent material. This may be achieved by using
heating units with temperature self-limiting functions or by separation with heat-resistant
materials. The latter may be accomplished by placing on a metal sheet, in metal conduit or
at a distance of at least 10 mm in air from the ignitable structure.

NOTE:
Dependent on adjacent material it may be prudent to consider a larger separation distance.

BS 7671 p.347
 Part 7

753. HEATING CABLES AND EMBEDDED HEATING SYSTEMS

Protection against overheating

753.424.201

For floor or ceiling heating systems in buildings, one or more of the following
measures shall be applied within the zone where heating units are installed to limit
the temperature to a maximum of 80 °C:

BS 7671 p.347
Part 8

APPENDICES

Prosumer’s (Low Voltage) Electrical

Installation (PEI)
 APPENDICES

There are
15 Appendices

BS 7671 p. 384
 APPENDICES

Appendix 1

All British Standards are listed here

Example

BS 88

BS1363

BS 7671 p. 385
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX 2

STATUTORY REGULATIONS AND ASSOCIATED MEMORANDA

The regulations listed represent the principal legal requirements. Information

concerning these regulations may be obtained from the appropriate authority also
indicated in this appendix

BS 7671 p.406
 APPENDIX. 3

TIME/CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERCURRENT

PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND RCDs
This appendix gives the time/current characteristics of the following overcurrent protective devices:

Figure 3A1 Fuses to BS 88-3 - fuse system C

Figures 3A2(a) & 3A2(b) Semi-enclosed fuses to BS 3036

Figures 3A3(a) & 3A3(b) Fuses to BS 88-2 - fuse systems E (bolted) and G (clip-in)

Figure 3A3(c) Fuses to BS 88-2 - fuse system E (bolted)

CIRCUIT-BREAKERS:

Figure 3A4Type 8 to BS EN 60898 and the overcurrent characteristics of RCBOs to BS EN 61009-1

Figure 3A5Type C to BS EN 60898 and the overcurrent characteristics of RCBOs to BS EN 61009-1

Figure 3A6Type D to BS EN 60898 and the overcurrent characteristics of RCBOs to BS EN 61009-1

BS 7671 p.409
 APPENDIX. 3

Exercise

How many Amps would it take to blow a 5A BS 88-3 Fuse at 0.4 Sec 22 A

How many Amps would it take to blow a 16A BS 88-3 Fuse at 5 Sec 56 A

How many Amps would it take to blow a 20A BS 3036 Fuse at 0.2 Sec 180A

How many Amps would it take to blow a 40A BS 88-2 Fuse at 5 Sec 170 A

App 3
 APPENDIX 4

CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY AND VOLTAGE DROP FOR CABLES1

The recommendations of this appendix are intended to provide for a satisfactory

life of conductors and insulation subjected to the thermal effects of carrying
current for prolonged periods of time in normal service.

This appendix applies to non-sheathed and sheathed cables having a nominal

voltage rating not exceeding I kV AC or 1.5 kV DC.

BS 7671 p.420
 APPENDIX. 4

RELATIONSHIP OF CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY TO OTHER CIRCUIT PARAMETERS

Table Page

Ca for ambient temperature T4B1 411

Cc for circuits buried in the ground Factor 0.9 425

Cd for depth of burial T43B – T4B4 442

Cf for semi-enclosed fuse to BS 3036 Factor 0725 424

Cg for grouping T4C1 – T4C6 443

Ci for thermal insulation 2.6 423

BS 7671 p.420
BS 7671 p.425
 Appendix 4
Voltage drop in consumers’ installations

525.3 TABLE 4Ab- Voltage drop

Description Lighting Other uses

(i) Low voltage installations supplied directly from a public low.
3% 5%
voltage distribution system

(ii) Low voltage installation supplied from private LV supply (*) 6% 8%

(*) The voltage drop within each final circuit should not exceed the values given in (i)

BS 7671 p.430
Appendix 4 - Voltage drop calculations

Where the voltage drop is in volts and:

mV is the millivolts dropped per ampere per

meter taken from Tables 4D1A to 4J4A
Ib is the design current of the circuit (the
current intended to be carried)
Length is the length of the circuit in meters. The
division by 1000 gives the answer in volts.

On Site Guide Appendix F

Exercise: Appendix 4
Table for current carrying capacity and voltage drop Table 4D Page 448
Exercise: Appendix 4

Define following terms Symbols Page 46

In - Current carrying capacity of protective device

Cf - Rating factor for protective device BS 3036
RA - Total resistance of earth electrode
Uo - Nominal AC RMS voltage to earth
U2 - Power and frequency of Phase to exposed live parts
 APPENDIX 5

CLASSIFICATION OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

This appendix gives the classification and codification of external influences.

The first letter relates to the general category of external influence:

A Environment

B Utilization

C Construction of buildings
BS 7671 p.492
Appendix 5
Definitions relating to External Influence

Exercise:
Find the definitions for following terms:

AA4 - NORMAL CONDITION -50C +400C

AA5 - NORMAL CONDITION +50C +400C

AF2- ATMOSPHERIC

AD2 - Drops

AL - Presence of Fauna

AL2 - Hazard BS 7671 p.493

 APPENDIX. 5

Find the definitions for following

AB3

AB4

AD5

AD7

AL1

IP2X

IP4X BS 7671 p.493 - 507

 APPENDIX. 6

All the
MODEL FORMS FOR CERTIFICATION AND REPORTING

Are in this appendix

EIC Electrical Installation Certificate

EICR Electrical Installation Condition Report
Schedule of Inspections
Schedule of Test Results
MEIWC. Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate

BS 7671 p.508 - 534

 APPENDIX. 11

NEW APPENDIX

WARNING AND USER INSTRUCTION LABEL

We now have a harmonized standard for label.

This includes
• Label text
• Symbol size
• Font style
• Colour of labels

BS 7671 p.547
 APPENDIX. 13

NEW APPENDIX

ESCAPE ROUTES AND FIRE PROTECTION

PLEASE READ THIS APPENDIX

BS 7671 p.553
 APPENDIX. 14

DETERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE FAULT CURRENT

An approximation of the prospective fault current between line conductors can be

determined by a measurement between a line conductor and neutral multiplied by
√3

An approximation of the prospective fault current due to a simultaneous short-

circuit fault between all line conductors is determined by measurement between
line and neutral multiplied by 2.

BS 7671 p.554
 APPENDIX. 15

This appendix sets out options for the design of ring and radial final circuits for household and similar
premises in accordance with Regulation 433. 1, using socket-outlets and fused connection units.

An unfused spur should feed one

single or one twin socket-outlet
only. \ ........................... .
An unfused spur may be
connected to the origin of the
circuit in the distribution board.

BS 7671 p.555
 APPENDIX. 16

Devices for protection against overvoltage

Appendix 16 show how a typical installation of a surge protective device (SPD)
In a power distribution board be placed

BS 7671 p.557
 APPENDIX. 17

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

17.1 Scope

This appendix provides recommendations for the design and erection of electrical
installations, including installations having local production and storage of energy,
for optimizing the overall efficient use of electricity.

NOTE: On-site renewable energy sources and other local production sources do
not of themselves increase the efficiency of an electrical installation. However,
they do reduce the overall public electricity network losses as the consumption
of the installation from the public supply is reduced. This may be considered an
indirect energy efficiency measure. For installation of solar photovoltaic (PV)
power supply systems, see Section 712 of this Standard.
BS 7671 p.563
 APPENDIX. 17

17.2 Availability of electrical energy and user decision

Energy efficiency management should be so designed that it does not reduce

electrical supply availability and/or services or operation below the level desired by
the user.

The user of the electrical installation must be able to take the final decision over
whether or not to operate a service at nominal value, or optimized value or not to
operate it for a certain time.

BS 7671 p.563
 APPENDIX. 17

Power factor correction

Consideration should be given to improving the load power factor to reduce

thermal losses in the wiring and tariff penalties.

17.12 Efficiency measures for equipment

Motors and controls
Motors with a rated output of0.75 kW - 375 kW must meet either the IE3 efficiency level or the IE2 level
and be equipped with a variable speed drive. The energy efficiency classes are as follows:

- IE2 (High efficiency)

- IE3 (Premium efficiency)
- IE4 (Super premium efficiency).

BS 7671 p.566
 APPENDIX. 17

17.12 Efficiency measures for equipment

Motors and controls
NOTE 2:
In industry, it is understood that 60 % of consumed electricity is used to turn motors and 63 % of this
energy is used for applications such as pumps and fans.

Lighting

NOTE:
Solutions for lighting control can improve the energy efficiency by more than 50%.

BS 7671 p.566
 APPENDIX. 17

Power factor correction

Reduction of reactive current improves electrical energy efficiency by, for example,
reducing thermal losses in wiring systems.

NOTE:
Harmonic distortion rate and voltage impulse are important
considerations for selecting capacitor banks. The provision of harmonic
filters may need to be considered.

BS 7671 p.556 - 568

 Guidance to Exams on BS 7671
Before you attempt to find the answers to a question

Firstly, Check the contents page on Page 3 for a quick guide, if you cannot
find what you are looking for in this section then
Check – Index in the back page –
Remember
Every Chapter and Section has their own contents page to look at

Just before index page

Table of Table 569

Tables of Figures 573
Index 576
 The End
Well done,

You have completed Electrical Wiring Regulations Course

Now,
Attempt all pass question papers presented to you before you
attempt real exam
Do not forget, you will be timed 120 minutes to all the questions So attempt question sets as fast as
you can by answering the easiest questions first and flag the ones you are not sure,
Then go back to beginning to flagged ones only, again work through them as best you can, keep
repeating this step until you answered every question.

Do not leave any unanswered questions

Good luck!