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QUESTION 1
1.1 Emerging technologies help boost productivity by automating repetitive tasks, speeding
up data processing, and allowing smarter decision-making through data insights.
1.2 Machine learning can detect cyber threats by:
Spotting unusual login times,
Identifying strange data transfers,
Finding abnormal traffic spikes.
1.3 AI improves customer service through:
Chatbots that answer questions fast,
Virtual assistants that guide users,
Systems that solve problems automatically.
1.4 Benefits of cloud computing:
Easy to scale up or down,
Lower costs (no physical servers),
Access from anywhere, anytime.
1.5 Quantum computing could crack current encryption but also help build stronger,
quantum-resistant security systems.
1.6 Benefits: Real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, better decision-making.
Risks: Devices can be hacked, and data may be exposed.
1.7 VR creates realistic simulations for cyberattacks, helping professionals practice how to
respond safely and effectively.
1.8 Threats: Phishing, ransomware, and DDoS attacks.
Solutions: Firewalls, employee training, and regular backups.
1.9 AI detects threats, IoT gathers real-time data, and cloud stores and processes it —
together, they make a powerful smart security system.
1.10 Ethical concerns:
Bias in AI decisions,
Invasion of privacy,
Over-surveillance of users.
QUESTION 2
2.1
Supervised: Uses labeled data.
Unsupervised: Finds patterns in unlabelled data.
Reinforcement: Learns through rewards and punishments.
2.2 NLP helps by understanding what customers say and replying clearly and fast through
chatbots or voice assistants.
2.3 AI detects fraud by:
Tracking spending habits,
Spotting odd patterns,
Flagging fast and repeated transactions.
2.4 Neural networks help AI “think” like the brain. Deep learning improves accuracy in
recognising images, speech, or patterns for better decisions.
2.5
Superposition: A qubit can be both 0 and 1 at once, making it powerful.
Entanglement: Two qubits stay linked, improving speed and reliability.
2.6 Qubits allow multiple calculations at once, unlike bits that handle one thing at a time.
2.7 Quantum gates process qubit data and allow quantum computers to run programs — like
logic gates in normal computers.
2.8 Risks include:
Unauthorised data use,
Tracking without consent,
Data leaks.
2.9 AI and quantum tools optimise energy use and reduce waste in manufacturing, helping
the environment.
2.10
Positive: New tech jobs, better productivity, smarter systems.
Negative: Job loss due to automation, need for restyling, inequality in access