IIT Tutors [LCT Solution]

Continuity
1. Ans.(d)
[CBSE 2021]
SOLUTION Given that f (x) is continuous at x=0 .

∴ lim f (x)=f (0)

x →0

lim e −e
3x −5 x
lim e
−5 x
( e8 x −1 )
( )
8x
−5 x e −1
⇒ x→ 0 =k ⇒ x→ 0 =k ⇒ 8 × lim e =k
x x x→0 8x
8x
lim e −1
−5 x x →0 0
⇒ 8× lim e × =k ⇒ 8× e × 1=k ⇒ k=8
x→ 0 8x
2. Ans. (a)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION If f (x) is continuous at x=0 , then

lim f (x )=f (0) 1

x →0 lim x 2 sin ⁡ =f (0)¿ ⇒ ¿ 0×( An oscillating number between −1 and 1)=f (0)⇒ f (0)=0.¿
¿ x→0 x

3. Ans. (c)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION If f (x) is continuous at x=π /2, then

π π π π
lim lim mx+1=m +1=sin ⁡ +n ⇒ m +1=1+n ⇒ m =n
2 2 2 2
( π2 )=
π
−¿
x→ π / 2
x→ f (x)=f lim ⇒¿
2 x→
π +¿
f ( x)¿
2

4. Ans. (a)
SOLUTION It is evident from the graph of f (x)=cot ⁡x that it is discontinuous at
x=nπ , n ∈ Z . Hence, f (x)=cot ⁡x is discontinuous on the set {nπ : n∈ Z }.

Ans. (c)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION We observe from the graph of f (x) that

lim ¿
−¿
π
x→(2 n+1) f (x)=∞ and lim ¿¿
2 x→(2 n+ 1)
π
+¿
f ( x)=−∞¿
2

π
So, f (x)=tan ⁡x is discontinuous at x=(2 n+1) , n∈ Z . Hence, the set of points of
2
discontinuity of f (x)=tan ⁡x is (2 n+1) { π
2
:n ∈ Z . }
5. Ans. (b)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION If f (x) is continuous at x=0 , then
 lim sin ⁡x lim sin ⁡x
lim f (x )=f (0) x →0 x→ 0
x →0 +cos ⁡x=k ⇒ + lim cos ⁡x=k ⇒ 1+ 1=k ⇒ k=2 ¿
¿ x x x →0

6. Ans. (d)
SOLUTION We have f (x)=x−[ x ]= {x−k + 1,
x −k ,
if k−1 ≤ x < k
if k ≤ x <k +1
for every integer k .

So, f (x) is discontinuous at x=k . Hence, the set of points of discontinuity of f (x)
is Z .

7. Ans. (d)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR, CBSE 2021]
SOLUTION f (x)=[ x ] is everywhere continuous except at integer points. Hence,
it is continuous at x=1.5 .

8. Ans. (d)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
SOLUTION We know that x−[x ]=0 when x is an integer. Therefore, f (x) is
discontinuous at every integer point. Hence, option (d) is correct.

9. Ans. (d)
[NCERT EXEMPLAR]
1
SOLUTION We find that lim f (x )=lim sin ⁡ =¿ an oscillating number between -1
x →0 x →0 x
and 1 .
Therefore, lim f (x ) does not exist. Hence, no value of k can make f (x) a
x →0
continuous function.

10. Ans. (c)

SOLUTION If f (x) is continuous at x=1, then

lim log ⁡x lim log ⁡(1+( x −1))

x →1
lim f (x )=f (1)⇒ =k ⇒ x → 1 =k ⇒ 1=k
x →1 x−1 x−1
11. Ans. (b)
SOLUTION If f (x) is continuous at x=0 , then

lim cos ⁡3 x−cos ⁡x lim −2 sin ⁡2 x sin ⁡x lim sin ⁡2 x lim sin ⁡x
lim f (x )=f (0) x →0 x→0 x→0 x→ 0
x →0
2
=λ ⇒ 2
=λ ⇒−4 × = λ ¿⇒ ¿−4 ×1 ×
¿ x x 2x x

12. Ans. (b)

SOLUTION Statement-2 is true (See Example 21 on page 8.12 of class XII text
book).
Now,

lim ¿
−¿
x→ 0 f (x)= −¿
lim ¿¿
x →0 ( 1+ x)=1 , lim ¿¿
x → 0 +¿ f (x )= lim 1+[x ]+ sin⁡x =1+0+ 0=1 and, f (0)=1¿
x→0
∴ lim ¿
−¿
x → 0 f (x)= lim ¿¿ . So, f (x) is continuous at x=0 .
+¿
x →0 f ( x)=f ( 0)¿

lim ¿
Also, −¿
x→ 1 f (x)= lim ¿¿
−¿
x →1 1 +[x]+ sin ⁡x=1 +0+ sin ⁡1=1+ sin ⁡1¿

lim ¿
and, +¿
x→ 1 f (x)= lim ¿¿
+¿
x →1 1+ [x]+ sin⁡x=1+ 1+ sin⁡1=2+ sin ⁡1 ¿

∴ lim ¿
−¿
x →1 f ( x)≠ lim
+¿
¿¿
x →1 f ( x)¿

So, f (x) is not continuous at x=1.

lim ¿
−¿
x→ π / 2 f (x)= lim ¿¿
−¿ π
x →π /2 1+[x ]+ sin ⁡x=1+1+ sin ⁡ =3 ¿
2

lim ¿
and, x→ π / 2 f (x)=
+¿
lim ¿¿
+¿ π
x→π /2 1+ [x]+ [sin⁡ x]=1+ 1+ sin⁡ =3¿
2

∴ lim ¿ π
−¿
x → π / 2 f (x)= lim ¿¿ . So, f (x) is continuous at x= .
+¿
x→ 0 f ( x)=f
π
2
¿ () 2

13. Ans. (a)

SOLUTION Let f be continuous at x=a . Then, for every ∈>0, there exists δ >0
such that

¿ f (x)−f (a)∨¿ ∈ whenever ∨x−a∨¿ δ ∨¿ f (x)∨−¿ f (a)∨¿< ¿ f (x )−f (a)∨¿ ϵ whenever ∨x−a∨¿ δ ¿ ⇒
¿
So, statement-2 is true.
Now, ¿ f (x)∨≤∨x∨⇒∨f (0)∨≤ 0 ⇒ f (0)=0
[Replacing x by 0 ]
∴∨f (x )∨≤∨x ∨¿⇒∨f (x)−f (0)∨¿∨x −0∨¿[∵ f (0)=0]CONTINUITY
8.11
⇒∨f (x)−f (0)∨¿ ∈ whenever ¿ x−0∨¿ δ (¿ ϵ)
⇒ f (x ) is continuous at x=0
⇒∨f (x)∨¿ is continuous at x=0
[Using statement-2]

Hence, both the statements are true and statement-2 is a correct explanation
for statement-1.

14. Ans.(a)
SOLUTION We observe that f (x), being a polynomial function, is continuous for
all x <2 and also for all x >2.

lim ¿
Now, −¿
x→ 2 f (x)= −¿
x →2 ( x−1)=2−1=1 ,
lim
lim ¿¿
¿¿ and f (2)=2 ×2−3=1
x → 2+ ¿ f( x )= lim ¿¿
x → 2+¿ (2 x−3)=4−3=1¿

∴ lim ¿
−¿
x →2 f ( x)=f (2)= lim ¿¿ is continuous at x=2.
+¿
x→ 2 f (x) ⇒f ( x)¿

Hence, f (x) is continuous for all real values of x

15. Ans.

x +1
f (x)=
x−1
f (x) is a rational function it must be continuous in its domain and f is not
defined at x=1.
 1
g(x )=
x−2

g(x ) is also a rational function. It must be continuous in its domain and g is not
defined at x=2.

Consider g(x )=1

1
=1⇒ x=3
x−2

∴ fog(x ) is continuous in its domain : R−{2 , 3}

16. Ans.

∴ By intermediate value theorem, there is atleast one x 0 ∈(a , b) such that

a+b
f ( x0)= .
2

Limit, Continuity & Differentiability

33

17.Ans.
❑
Let f :[0 ,1]→ [0 , 1] be a continuous function, then prove that f (x)=x for atleast
one x ∈[0 , 1]
Solution : Consider g(x )=f (x)−x

g(0)=f (0)−0=f (0)≥ 0 {∵ 0 ≤ f ( x )≤ 1}

g(1)=f (1)−1≤ 0 g(0) ⋅g (1)≤ 0 ¿ ⇒ ¿ g( x )=0 has atleast one root in [0 , 1]¿ ⇒ ¿ f (x)=
¿