DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
ENGINEERING
Subject: Business Communication using Subject Code: 22101
Computers
Semester: 2 Course: CO2I-A
Laboratory No: Online Lab Name of Subject Teacher: Prof. Bindu
Nair
Name of Students: Om Mangesh Hatle Roll Id: 21203A0027
Experiment No: 11
Title of Experiment Explain various nonverbal codes with examples. Kinesics, Haptics,
Proxemics, Chronemics & Artefacts
Resources Required Hardware: PC / Software: MS Word.
Objectives Communicative effectively and skillfully by avoiding various barriers
Date of Performance: 25/03/2022
Date of Submission: 26/03/2022
Marks Out of 10
Signature
Explain various nonverbal codes with examples.
Kinesics, Haptics, Proxemics, Chronemics & Artefacts
Kinesics: -
The word kinesics comes from the root word kinesis, which means
“movement”, and refers to the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements.
Specifically, this section will outline the use of gestures, body movements and
posture, eye contact, and facial expression as nonverbal communication.
1. Gesture: -
Gesture are the movements of hands, face, or the parts of the body in a
way that conveys meaning, either in conjunction with verbal
communication such as frowning while saying harsh words against
someone, or in isolation such as smiling at a stranger to express
pleasure at one’s presence.
2. Body movement: -
Body Movement is the voluntary or involuntary movement of parts of
the body such as hands, feet, legs, and shoulders, which may either
reinforce or contradicts what is communicated verbally. There are
various body movements that sends bodily signals.
3. Facial expression: -
Refers to certain movements or conditions of the facial muscles that
facilitate the nonverbal communication of some thought, emotion, or
behaviour. Facial expression is the main channel we use to decode
emotional states or reactions of others to a message, and they
generally
mirror the intensity of people’s thoughts and feelings.
4. Eye Contact: -
Eye contact is a natural by-product of effective communication. To look
someone in the eyes is to invite him to communicate with you. Eye
contact indicates degree of attention or interest, influences attitude
changes or persuasion, regulates interaction, communicates emotion,
defines power and status, and has a central role in managing
impressions of others.
Haptics: -
Haptics is the discipline which studies the sense of touch. It is a form
of nonverbal communication and the way by which people
communicate via touching.
Touch, or the haptic sense, is extremely important for humans, as well as
providing information about surfaces and textures. Haptics is a component
in interpersonal relationships and vital in conveying physical intimacy.
Think of how touch has the power to comfort someone in moment of
sorrow when words alone cannot. This positive power of touch is
countered by the potential for touch to be threatening because of its
connection to sex and violence. To learn about the power of touch, we turn
to haptics, which refers to the study of communication by touch. We
probably get more explicit advice and instruction on how to use touch than
any other form of nonverbal communication.
People also interpret based on various dimensions of touch. These
dimensions include intensity, duration, location, and the instrument of
touch.
1. Intensity: -
Intensity refers to how soft or hard a touch is. For example, a “punch”
can be playful if it is delivered softly or violent if it is delivered with
force.
2. Location: -
Location refers to the place where a person is touched. Touches to
various body parts are interpreted differently. For example, a study
showed that elderly residents in a nursing home evaluated touch above
the wrist by nurses more positively than touch below the wrist.
3. Instrument Touch: -
The instrument touch makes a difference. Although people usually
touch with their hands, they can also touch with other parts, such as
feet, lips, and shoulders, or with objects, such as the tip of a pencil.
For example, a
mother might laugh and say “I’m going to get you” while tickling her son
with a teddy bear.
Proxemics: -
Proxemics deals with the use of space in communication. It focuses not
only on the ways individuals orient themselves to other individuals and
objects in their immediate physical environment, but also on the
perceptual and behavioural impact of these spatial orientations.
Proxemics consists in the messages people express when, for example,
they prefer to sit at the front or back of a classroom, or whether they sit
near to or far from the head of the table at a meeting. Most teachers will
tell you that the mischief-makers dash to the back of the classroom and
that the more serious students choose a front a seat.
There are 5 interrelated functions of Proxemic Communication: -
1. The Concept of Space: -
The concept of visual communication in non-verbal
communication is analogous to the concept of silence in verbal
communication. Though both are devoid of content, the ways we
use them may be rich in communicative significance. for example,
contended that our culture places severe constraints on the ways
we use space.
2. The Concept of Distance: -
At least in theory, space has no finite barriers and becomes a tangible
concept only when people or objects occupy space and when
individuals attempt to define its boundaries. In contrast, Distance is a
relational concept and is usually measured in terms of how far one
individual is from another.
3. The Concept of Territoriality: -
The concept of territory has vast implications for interpersonal
communication. Much of our knowledge of the concept of territory
comes from studies that illustrate how animals identify and defend
clearly delineated territories by means of instinct.
4. The Concept of Crowding: -
Crowding is a concept of central importance of the study of
Proxemic Communication. To begin, crowding should be clearly
differentiated
from density. Density is a concept that is defined strictly in physical
terms, and as such, refers to the number of people per unit of space.
Crowding in contrast, is a psychological concept.
5. The Concept of Privacy: -
Privacy may be defined as selective control of access to oneself or to
one’s group (Altman, 1975). To a considerable degree, we control
access to ourselves and to groups that are important to us by our use
of space.
Chronemics: -
Chronemics is a discipline concerned with the study of a person’s use of
time. Chronemics help us to understand how people perceive and structure
time in their dialogue and relationships with others.
The very concept of communication as a process implies that it is a
time- bound activity. In so many ways, time acts as a fundamental
organizing principle for social interaction. The way time is structured
may sends messages related to immediacy and closeness.
There are Three Time System: -
1. Technical Time: -
Technical time is the scientific measurement of time. This time system
is associated with the precision of keeping time.
2. Formal Time: -
Formal Time is the time that society formally teaches. For example, in
the United States, the clock and the calendar are the units of formal
time.
Thus 1 a.m. is the time we usually go to sleep, and at 1 p.m. we find
ourselves at work or school. Also in the United States, the arrangement
of time is fixed and rather methodical.
We learn to tell time based on the hour, and children are usually taught
how to tell time by using the “big hand” and the “little hand” as references.
3. Informal Time: -
Informal Time is the time that includes three concepts:
duration, punctuality, and activity:
1) Duration pertains to how long we allocate for a particular event. In
our schedules, we may earmark forty minutes for grocery
shopping or an hour for a religious service.
2) Punctuality is the promptness associated with keeping time.
We’re said to be punctual when we arrive for an appointment at
the designated time.
3) Activity is a somewhat chronemic value. People in Western cultures
are encouraged to “use their time wisely” — in other words, they should
make sure their time is used to accomplish something, whether
it’s a task or a social function. Simultaneously, they should avoid
being so time-occupied that other view them as focused and
obsessive.
Artefacts: -
Communication Artifacts are created as expressions of human thought.
They include advertisements, art, ceremonial and documentary artifacts,
exchange media, and personal symbols. Advertising artifacts are objects
that were created to call attention to products, services, or events. Art
objects are those created to express ideas, values, or attitudes through
images, symbols, and abstractions. Ceremonial artifacts are created for
carrying on governmental, fraternal, religious, or other organized
activities. Documentary artifacts are meant to convey a point of view or a
set of ideas, often the aim of enlightening or swaying the attitude of
people. Exchange media include objects such as coins, currency, postage
stamps, or bus tokens.
Thankyou
