Data types are fundamental concepts in programming and data management that define
the nature of data and how it can be used. They determine what kind of operations
can be performed on the data, how much space it occupies in memory, and how the
data is represented.
What Are Data Types?
A data type is an attribute associated with a piece of data that tells a computer
system how to interpret its value. Understanding data types ensures that data is
collected in the preferred format and that the value of each property is as
expected. For example, knowing whether “Ross, Bob” refers to a single name or two
separate names depends on understanding its data type.
Common Data Types
Primitive Data Types:
Integer (int): Represents whole numbers without fractions (e.g., -707, 0, 707).
Floating Point (float): Represents numbers with fractional components (e.g.,
707.07).
Character (char): Represents a single character or symbol (e.g., ‘a’, ‘1’).
String (str or text): A sequence of characters treated as text (e.g., “hello”).
Boolean (bool): Represents true/false values (e.g., 0 for false, 1 for true).
Composite Data Types:
Array: A collection of elements stored in a specific order, typically of the same
type.
Enumerated Type (enum): A small set of predefined unique values.
Date/Time: Specific formats for representing dates and times.
User-Defined Data Types: These are custom types defined by users based on existing
types to suit specific needs.