Answer Key

2024-2025
Class: 11 Worksheet Number: 11/math/12/QB
Subject: Mathematics Chapter: LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Section A
Multiple choice questions
1. a)
2. b) 3/2

3. b) 1

4. b)1
f(x) = x – [x]
f′(x) = 1 – 0 {[x] = integer less than or equal to x}
f ′(1/2) = 1
5. -2
sin x + cos x
y = sin x – cos x
Dividing the numerator and denominator by cos x,
tan x + 1
y = tan x− 1
tan x + 1
y = tan x− 1
We know that tan π/4 = 1,
tan x + tanπ/4
y = -1− tanx tan π/4
y = -tan(π/4 + x)
dy d
= -dx (tan(π/4 + x)
dx
= -sec2(π/4 + x) {since d/dx tan x = sec2x}, at x = 0
= -sec2(π/4 + 0)

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= -sec (π/4)= -(√2) = -2
2 2

ASSERTION / REASONING QUESTIONS

In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
reason (R)
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
6. c)
7. a)
Each question carries 1 marks :
8. x−3 2−3 1
lim x+4 = 2+4 = − 6
x→2

9. sin 3x sin 3x sin 3x sin x

lim = lim 3. = lim = 3 (1) = 3 [lim = 1]
x→0 x 3x→0 3x 3x→0 3x x→0 x

10. x x x
tan tan tan
4  lim 1
4  lim 4  1 (1)  1
lim
x 0 2x 0 8 x 8 x 0 x 8 8
x
4 4
4 4

11. sin x3 sin x3 sin x3

lim  lim x2 3  lim 3
.lim x2  (1)(0)  0
x 0 x x 0 x x3
0 x x 0

12.
(x − 3)5 − 32 (x − 3)5 − (2)5
lim = lim
x→5 x−5 x−3→2 (x − 3) − 2
Put x – 3 = y x–3→ 2 y → 2

y2 −25
l =lim = 5(2)5−1
y →2 y−2

= 5.24 = 5  16= 80
13.
sin x
lim
x→ x − π

Put x π = θ

x → π, θ → 0

x=π+ θ
sin( π+θ) −sinθ
so lim = lim θ = −1
→0 θ →0

14. lim xn −3n = 108

x→3 x−3
n−1
n(3) = 108 = 4(3)3
n=4

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πx
15. sinx0 sin
180 π π π
lim lim (
= x xπ ) = 1.180 =
x→0 x →0 180 180
180 180

16. 3sinx−sin3x 3sinx−[3sinx−4sin3x]

lim =lim
x →0 x3 x →0 x3
3sinx−3sinx+4sin3x sin x 3
= lim =lim 4( ) = 41=4
x →0 x3 x →0 x

17. cos x − sin x cosx − sinx (cos x − sin x)

lim = lim 2 2
= lim

x→ cos 2x x → cos x − sin x x → (cosx + sinx)(cosx − sinx)
4 4 4

1 1 1 √2 1
= lim cosx+sinx= sinπ = = =
x→ ⁄4+cosπ⁄4 1⁄ +1⁄ 2 √2
4 √2 √2

18. sec2 x − 2 1 + tan2 x − 2

lim = lim
x → tanx − 1 x→ tan x − 1
4 4

tan2x−1 (tanx−1)(tanx+1) 
lim tan x−1 = lim = lim (tanx + 1) = tan4 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
x→ x→ (tan x−1) x→
4 4 4

19.
1 1−x1/3
1− x ⁄3 lim
x→1 1−x
lim 2 = 2
x →1 1−x ⁄3 1−x ⁄3
lim
x→1 1−x
x1/3 −1 1 1
lim x→1
x−1 ⁄3(1) ⁄3−1 1 −2⁄ +1⁄ 1 1
= 2 = 2⁄ −1 =2 (1) 3 3= (1) =
x ⁄3−1 2 ⁄3(1)
3 2 2
lim x→1
x−1

Section B
Each question carries 2 marks:
20.
LHL = Left hand limit = lim− f(x) = lim(2x + 3)=2(2) +3 = 7
x→2 x→2

RHL = Right hand limit = lim+ f(x) = lim(x + k)=2 +k

x→2 x→2
Since limit exists, LHL = RHL
7 = 2+ k , k = 5
21. y=sec x + tan x
dy
= sec x tan x + sec2 x = sec x (tan x + sec x)
dx
dy
dx
= sec x  y

1 dy
=y
sec x dx

dy
cosx dx = y

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22. lim (sec x  tan x) = lim [ 1 − sin x ]
  cos x cos x
x x
2 2

1−sin x 1+sin x 1−sin2 x

lim 1+sin x = lim cos x (1+sin x)
x cos x x
2 2
cos2 x cos x 0 0
= lim cos x (1+sin x)= lim 1 + sin x = 1+1 = 2 = 0
x x
2 2

23. √x 2 + a2 − √a2 √x 2 + a2 + a √x 2 + b 2 + b
lim  
x0 √x 2 + b 2 − √b 2 √x 2 + a2 + a √x 2 + b 2 + b

x2 +a2−a2 √x2 +b2 +b √0+b2 +b

=lim x2+b2−b2 . lim √x2 =1 √0+
x0 x0 +a2 +a a2 +a

b+b 2b b
= a+a = 2a = a
24. y = a sin x + b cos x
dy
= a cos x − b sin x
dx

dy 2
y2 + (dx) = (a sin x + b cos x) 2 + (a cos x − b sin x)2

=a2 sin 2 x + b2 cos 2 x + 2ab sin x cos x + a2 cos 2 x − 2ab cos x sin x + b2 sin2 x

= a2 (sin2 x + cos 2 x) + b2 (cos 2 x + sin2 x)= a2 + b2= RHS

25. y = x + tan x

dy 1 cos2 x+1
= 1 + sec2 x = 1 + =
dx cos2 x cos2x
dy
cos 2 x = 1 − sin2 x + 1
dx
2 dy
cos x dx = 2 − sin2 x Hence proved

26.
3 1 1⁄
√8 + x − 2 (8 + x) ⁄3 − (8) 3
lim = lim
x→0 x x→0 8+x−8

Put 8 +x = y
As x → 0 , y → 8
1 1
y ⁄3−8 ⁄3 1 1⁄ −1 1 −2⁄ 1 1 1
lim = 8 3 = (8) 3= . =
y→8 y−8 3 3 3 4 12

1 x  1 x 1 x  1 x  1 x  1 x  (1  x)  (1  x)
lim  lim .   lim
 1 x  1 x 
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x[ 1  x  1  x ]
27.
2x 2 2
 lim   1
x 0 x[ 1  x  1  x ] [ 1  0  1  0] 2

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28.
x4 x4 3  13  x ( x  4)(3  13  x )
lim  lim   lim
x 4 3  13  x x 4 3  13  x 3  13  x x4 9  ( 13  x) 2
( x  4)(3  13  x )
 lim  lim (3  13  x )  6
x 4 x4 x 4

29.
sin 3x
3x.  7x
sin 3x  7 x 3 x
lim  lim
x 0 4 x  sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x
4x  2x
2x
sin 3x
lim3x. lim  lim 7 x lim (3x  7 x)
x 0 3 x 0 3 x x 0 10 x 10 10 5
  x 0  lim  lim  
lim 4 x  lim
sin 2 x
lim 2 x lim (4 x  2 x) x0 6 x x0 6 6 3
x 0
x 0 2 x 0 2 x x 0

Section C
Each question carries 3 marks:
30.
cos ec x  cot x 1  cos x 1  cos x 1  cos x
lim  lim  lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 x. sin x x 0 2 sin x
x
x 0 x2
x
2 x 2 x x
2sin 2 2sin 2 2 sin 1
 lim 2
 lim  lim ( x 2 ) 2 
x 0 x x 0 x x 0
4( ) 2 4 2 2
2
31. x.tan x tan x tan x tan x
lim  lim  lim  2lim 2
x 0 1  cos x x 0 1  cos x x 0 1 x 0 x
x x
x2 2
32. 
2
2 mx mx 
sin
 mx 
2
 sin   mx 
2
2  2 
2   lim .lim  
mx  mx   2   mx2  0  mx   x  0  2 
2sin 2     
1  cos mx 2  2    2 
lim  lim  lim 
x 0 1  cos nx nx nx 2
x 0
2sin 2
x 0
sin 2 2  nx 
2 2  nx   sin  2
2    2  .lim  nx 
 nx   2  lim  
   nx2  0  nx   x  0  2 
 2    
  2 
m2 x 2
m2 m2
 lim 24 2  lim 2  2
x 0 n x x 0 n n
4

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x
lim (1  x) tan  l ( say )
x 1 2
Put (1  x)  y  x 1  y, as x  1, y  0
  y y
l  lim y.tan (1  y )  lim y.tan(  )  lim y.cot( )
y 0 2 y 0 2 2 y 0 2
33. 1 1 1 2 1 2
 lim y.  lim y.  
y 0  y y 0  y  y  (1) 
tan( ) tan( )
2 2 2
y
2
34. f(x) = 1 + x + x 2 + ⋯ … . + x 60 at x = 1

f(x) = 0 + 1 + 2x + x 3 + ⋯ … + 60x 59

f(1x) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ … + 60

60 (60+1)
= = 30  61 = 1830
2

35. f(x) = x 2 − 5x + 9 at x = 3 and x = −3

f(x) = 2x − 5

f(3) = 2(3) − 5 = 1

f(−3) = 2(−3) − 5 = −6 − 5 = −11

36. tan 2 x − sin 2x

lim
x→0 x3
sin2x
– sin2x sin2x(1−cos2x) sin2x.2sin2 x
cos2x
= lim = lim = lim
x→0 x3 x→0 cos2x.x3 x→0 cos2x.x3

2tan2x sinx 2
= lim . 2( lim )
x→0 2x x→0 x

tan2x sinx 2
= 4. lim . ( lim ) = 4 (1) (1)2 =4
x→0 2x x→0 x

x+a x−a x−a

37. cos x−cos a − 2sin
2
sin
2 x+a sin
2
lim = lim = lim − 2 sin ( ) x −lim
a x−a
x→a x−a x→a x−a x→a 2 →0 .2
2 2
a+a (1)
=  sin ( 2 ) (2)=  sin a

38. (x+y) sec(x+y)−x secx x sec(x+y) +y sec(x+y)−x secx

lim y
= lim y
y0 y0

1 1 1 y
x[sec(x+y) − secx] + y x[ − ]+
cos(x+y) cos(x+y) cosx cos(x+y)
= Lim = lim
y0 y y0 y

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x[cosx−cos(x+y)]+y cosx
= lim
y0 cos x cos(x+y).y

y
sin ⁄2 1 (2x+y)
2x+y −y lim  lim 2x sin + lim cosx
x[−2 sin(
2
) sin( ) ]
2
+ ycosx y0 y⁄2 2 y0 2 y0
= lim =
y0 cos x cos(x+y).y lim cos x cos(x+y)
y0
1 2x
1  2x sin( )+cos x
2 2
= cos x cos x

x sin x+cos x
= = xtanx.secx + secx.
cos2x

sin x sin a
39. tanx−tana − sin x cos a−cos x sin a sin(x−a) 1
lim = lim cos xx−acos a= lim = lim
xa x−a xa xa cos x cos a (x−a) xa x−a cos x.cosa

sin(x−a) 1 1 1
lim lim ( )= 1 cos a. = = sec2 a
xa x−a xa cos x.cos a cos a cos2a

Section D
Each question carries 5 marks :
40. x3 cot x 1+cos x x3 cot x(1+cos x) cos x (1+cos x)
lim 1−cos x 1+cos x= lim = lim sin3 x
x0 x0 sin2 x x0 ( )
x3

lim cos x (+ cos x) cos0(1+cos 0) 1 (1+1)

= x0 sin x 3 = = =2
(lim ) (1)3 1
x0 x

41.
(x+ x2+x3 + + xn ) − n (x+ x2 +x3+ + xn )−(1+1+⋯…… +1)n tim
lim = lim
x1 x−1 x1 x−1

(x− 1)+(x2−1) +(x3 −1)+⋯……… +(xn −1)

= lim x−1
x1

x−1 x2 −1 x3 −13 xn −1
= lim x−1 + lim + lim + ………………..+ lim
x1 x1 x−1 x1 x−1 x1 x−1

n (n+1)
= 1 + 2(1)2−1 + 3(1)3−1 + ………………. + n(1)n−1 =1 + 2 + 3 + …… +n= 2

42. y = x3 f(x + h) = (x + h)3

f(x+h)−f(x) (x+h)3 −x3 x3 + h3 + 3x2 h+3xh2 − x3

f ′ (x) = y′ = lim h
= lim h
= lim h
h0 h0 h0

h[ h2 + 3x2 + 3xh]
= lim = lim (h2 + 3x 2 + 3xh)=0 + 3x 2 + 0= 3x 2
h0 h h0

43. Y = 1
2
ax +bx+c
= f(x)

d d
(ax2 +bx+c) (1)−1 (ax2 +bx+c) 0−(2ax+b) −(2ax+b)
f ′ ( x) = dx dx
(ax2 +bx+c)2
= (ax2 +bx+c)2=(ax2+bx+c)2

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d d
44. d x tan x (sec x+tan x) (x tan x)−x tan x (sec x+tan x)
dx dx
( )=
dx sec x+tan x (sec x+tan x)2

(sec x+tan x) (xsec2 x+tan x.1)−x tan x (tan x sec x+ sec2x)

= (sec x+tan x)2

(sec x+tan x) (xsec2 x+tan x)−x tan x sec x (tan x+secx)

= (sec x+tan x)2
(sec x+tan x) [x sec2 x+tan x−x tan x sec x] x sec 2 x+tan x−x tan x sec x
= =
(sec x+tan x)2 (sec x+tan x)

tan3x
45. tan3x−2x lim [
x→0 3x
3x−2x] lim 3x−2x
x→0 x 1 1
lim 3x− sin2x = sinx 2 2
= lim = lim x(3−x) = =3
x→0 lim [3x− ( ) x ] 3x −x2 x→0 (3−0)
x x→0
x→0

46. x 4 − 3x 3 + 2 x 4 − x 3 − 2x 3 + 2
lim 3 = lim 3
x→1 x − 5x 2 + 3x + 1 x→1 x − x 2 − 4x 2 + 4x − x + 1

x4 (x−1)−2 (x3−1) (x−1)(x3 −2)(x2 +1+x) lim x3 −2(x2 +x+1)

= lim x3 (x−1)−4x (x−1)−1 (x−1)= lim (x−1) (x2+4x−1)
= x→1lim x2−4x−1
x→1 x→1 x→1

1−2(1+1+1) 1−2(3) −5 5
= = = −4 =
1−4−1 −4 4

47. √3 1
2( sinx− cos x) 2[sinx .cosπ⁄6−cos x sinπ⁄6]
√3sinx−cosx 2 2
lim x− π = lim π⁄ = lim
x→ ⁄6 x→ x− 6 x→ x− π⁄6
6 6 6

sin(x− π⁄6) sin(x− )
6
= 2 lim x− π⁄6
=2 lim
 π = 2 (1) = 2
x→ x− → 0 x− ⁄6
6 6

48. f(x) = x 2 cosx

f(x+h)−f(x) (x+h)2 cos(x+h)− x2 cosx
f ′ (x) = lim = lim
h→0 h h→0 h

x2 [cos(x+h]−cosx ] (2xh+h2) cos(x+h)

= lim +lim
h→0 h h→0 h

x+h+x x+h−x
−2x2 sin( ) sin( ) h(2x+h)cos(x+h)
2 2
= lim + lim
h→0 h h→0 h

h
2x+h sin
2 2
= −x lim sin ( ) hlim h + lim(2x + h) cos(x + h)
h→0 2 h→0
→0 2
2

2x+0
= x 2 sin ( 2
) (1) + (2x + 0)cos(x + 0)= x 2 sinx + 2xcosx

d
(x 2 cosx) = −x 2 sin x + 2x cos x
dx

49. y = tan x 2 = f(x)

f(x+h) = tan (x + h)2

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sin(x+h)2 sinx2
f (x+h)−f(x) tan(x+h)2 −tanx2 −
cos(x+h)2 cosx2
f 1 (x)= lim =lim = lim =
h0 h h0 h h0 h
2 2 2 2
sin(x + h) cosx − sinx cos(x + h)
= lim
h0 h. cosx 2 cos(x + h)2

sin((x+h)2 − x2 ) sin(x2+2xh+h2 − x2 )
= lim h cosx2 cos(x+h)2= lim
h0 h0 h cosx2 cos(x+h)2

sinh(2x+h) (2x+h) 1
= lim = lim cos x2 .cos(x+h)2
h0 h (2x+h) h0

1
= 1.2x = 2x sec2 x 2
cos(x2 )cos(x2)

1
50. 2−√3cosx−sinx 2−(√3/4cosx− sinx)2
2
limπ (6x−π)2 = limπ (6x−π)2
x x
6 6

2−2cos(π⁄6−x)
= limπ (6x−π)2
x
6

1  cos(  x)
lim 2( 6 )
x
 (6 x   ) 2
6


1  cos(  x)
6 
 lim 2( ) let x   y
  6
x
6 36( x  )2
6
1  cos( y ) 1  cos( y)
 lim 2( 2
)  lim( )
y 0 36( y ) y  0 18 y 2
1 1  cos( y ) 1 1  cos( y) 1 1
 lim( 2
)  lim( ) ( )
18 y 0 y 18 y 0 y2 18 2
1
 .
36