DBMS QUESTION BANK
UNIT 1: Introduction to DBMS and Data Models
🔹Short Questions (1 Mark Each):
1. Define DBMS.
2. What is metadata?
3. List any two advantages of DBMS over a file system.
4. What is data abstraction?
5. Define schema and instance.
6. Expand ER model.
7. What is a data dictionary?
8. Define entity and attribute.
9. What is logical data independence?
10. Give an example of a weak entity.
🔸Long Questions (10 Marks Each):
1. A) Explain the three-schema architecture of a DBMS with a diagram.
B) Discuss the structure and components of a DBMS.
2. Compare file systems and DBMS. Mention advantages of DBMS.
3. A) Draw and explain the ER diagram for a college management system.
B) Define entity, entity set, attributes, and relationships with examples.
4. A) Explain the various data models in DBMS with suitable examples.
B) Write short notes on the types of attributes used in ER model
5. What is data independence? Explain logical and physical data independence.
UNIT 2: Relational Model and Relational Algebra
🔹Short Questions (1 Mark Each):
1. What is a relation?
2. Define primary key.
3. What is a foreign key?
4. List any two relational algebra operations.
5. What is a join operation?
6. Define tuple and attribute.
7. What is domain relational calculus?
8. Define super key.
9. What is a Cartesian product?
10. Write the syntax of the selection operation.
🔸Long Questions (10 Marks Each):
1. A) Explain different operations of relational algebra with examples.
B) Describe domain and tuple relational calculus with examples.
2. A) Differentiate between candidate key, super key, and primary key.
B) Explain various types of joins with examples.
3. A) Write and explain relational algebra queries on student and course relations.
B) Write queries using selection, projection, and join in relational algebra.
4. Define and explain referential integrity and Explain integrity constraints in the relational
model with a suitable example.
5. Explain the concept of views in a relational model and Compare relational algebra with
relational calculus.
UNIT 3: SQL and Normalization
🔹Short Questions (1 Mark Each):
1. What is SQL?
2. Define DDL and give an example.
3. What is the purpose of the WHERE clause?
4. List any two aggregate functions in SQL.
5. What is a subquery?
6. Define normalization.
7. What is a functional dependency?
8. Expand 1NF and 2NF.
9. What is the use of GROUP BY clause?
10. Write an example of the INSERT statement.
🔸Long Questions (10 Marks Each):
1. A) Write SQL queries to create, insert, update, and delete records in a table.
B) Differentiate between DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL commands
2. Explain different types of joins in SQL with examples and Write SQL queries for nested and
correlated sub queries.
3. A) Explain the use of aggregate functions, GROUP BY, and HAVING clauses.
B) What is normalization? Explain 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF, BCNF with examples.
4. What is a view in SQL? How is it created and used?
5. A) Discuss the concept of functional dependencies and their role in normalization.
B) What are anomalies in database design? How does normalization solve them?
UNIT 4: Transaction Management & Concurrency Control
🔹Short Questions (1 Mark Each):
1. Define a transaction.
2. What is a schedule?
3. Define atomicity.
4. List two concurrency-related problems.
5. What is a deadlock?
6. Define serializability.
7. What is a dirty read?
8. Define two-phase locking.
9. What is cascading rollback?
10. What is a timestamp?
🔸Long Questions (10 Marks Each):
1. Explain ACID properties of transactions with examples. and Describe the two-phase locking
protocol in detail.
2. A)Explain the difference between serial and serializable schedules with examples.
B) What is conflict serializability? How is it checked?
3. Write short notes on deadlock prevention and recovery in DBMS and Explain optimistic and
pessimistic concurrency control techniques.
4. A) Discuss timestamp-based concurrency control protocol.
B) Compare lock-based and time-based concurrency control techniques.
5. A)What is a schedule? Explain the types of schedules with examples.
B)Explain the concept of cascading rollbacks and how to prevent them.
UNIT 5: File Organization, Indexing & Query Optimization
🔹Short Questions (1 Mark Each):
1. What is file organization?
2. List any two types of indexes.
3. What is hashing?
4. What is a B+ Tree?
5. Difference between dense and sparse index.
6. Define block in file storage.
7. What is query optimization?
8. What is a clustered index?
9. Define bitmap indexing.
10. What is cost-based optimization?
🔸Long Questions (10 Marks Each):
1. Explain different file organization techniques with examples and Write notes on sequential
and heap file organization.
2. Describe B+ Tree indexing with insertions and deletions and Compare B+ tree indexing with
bitmap indexing.
3. A) Explain various types of indexing: primary, secondary, clustered, and multilevel.
B)What is hashing? Discuss static and dynamic hashing.
4. A)Explain query processing steps in DBMS.
B)What is query optimization? Explain rule-based and cost-based optimization.
5. Describe buffer management in query execution and Explain how indexes improve the
performance of queries.
