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Power Calculations

The document explains the concept of power as the rate at which work is done, with formulas for calculating power in various contexts, including mechanical and electrical applications. It provides examples of power calculations for motors, engines, and household appliances, illustrating how to determine power, voltage, and current. Additionally, it discusses energy consumption in kilowatt hours and the cost of energy based on usage.

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alirazabrilliant.s
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33 views21 pages

Power Calculations

The document explains the concept of power as the rate at which work is done, with formulas for calculating power in various contexts, including mechanical and electrical applications. It provides examples of power calculations for motors, engines, and household appliances, illustrating how to determine power, voltage, and current. Additionally, it discusses energy consumption in kilowatt hours and the cost of energy based on usage.

Uploaded by

alirazabrilliant.s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Power Calculations:

By: Hafiz Atif Naseer


Power:
• Power is the rate at which work is done.

Power = Work / Time


Power = Joules / Seconds
or P = J/s
Power Calculation Example:
• What is the power of small motor that can do 2500J of work in 10
seconds?
P=W/t
P = 2500 / 10
P = 250W
Power Calculation Example:
• What is the power of an engine that can do 2700J of work in 54
seconds?
P = W/ t
P = 2700/ 54
P = 50 W
Power Calculation Example:
• What is the power of a motor that can do 18.2J of work in 2.4
Seconds?
Solution:
P = W/ t
P = 18.2J / 2.4s
P = 7.6 W
Electrical Power:
• Power is the rate of energy transformation.
• Electrical power is calculated using the formula:
• Power (P) = Voltage (V) x Current(I)

• P=VxI
• It is Measured in Watts (W) or in kilowatts (KW)
• 1 Watt = J/s
• Power is also related to current and voltage.
Example:
• A washing machine is using 5A of current and plugged into the mains:

P=VxI
P = 220 x 5
P = 1100 W
or P = 1100/1000
P = 1.1 kW
Example:
• A solar cell produces 1.8A of current at 0.42V. What is the power of
the solar cell?

P=VxI
P = 0.42 x 1.8
P = 0.756 W
Example:
• A 37W cordless drill uses a current of 2.6A. What is the voltage of the
battery?

P=VxI
V=P/I
V = 37 / 2.6
V = 14.23 V
Example:
• Calculate the power of the circuit by finding RT , IT.
R2 and R3 are in parallel
R23 = 1/R2 + 1/R3
R23 = 1/12 + 1/12
R23 = 6 ᾨ
Now R1 and R23 are in series
RT = R1 + R23
RT = 6 + 6 = 12ᾨ
IT = VT / RT
IT = 12 / 12
IT = 1A
P=VxI
P = 12 x 1
P = 12 W
Formula Conversion Chart:
Household Appliances:
• Household appliances operate on 220V or 120V
• Most of the appliances are labelled with the amount of power (Watts)
they consume.
• Using the information the current can be calculated.
Why do some appliances use 220V?
• Let’s an electrical appliance needs a lot of power to run, approx.
7200W (7.2kW)
• What is the current needed if 120V outlet is used?
• 7200/120 = 60 A
• What is the current needed if 220V is used?
• 7200/220 = ?A
• 60A represents 2/3 of an entire house’s current (100A). By using
higher voltage, it reduces the current needed and allows for smaller
wires to carry the current.
Electrical Energy:
• Power = Energy / time
• Energy = Power x time
• Energy used by electrical appliances is given in kilowatt hours (kWh).
• Energy used (in kWh) = Power (In Kw) x the number of hours the
appliance is in use.
• For example, a 1.15 kW washing machine switched on for 2 hours:
• Energy used = 1.15 x 2 = 2.23 kWh
Cost of Energy:
• We are charged by the amount of energy we consume.
• Energy units = kWh
• Cost of Energy = Energy (kWh x Rate (Rupees/kWh)
• 1kW = 1000W, 1 hour = 3600 seconds
Sample Problem:
• You use a 1500W microwave oven for 30 minutes each day. How
much energy (kWh) do you use in one week?

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