PACKAGE OF PRACTICES FOR

RABI CROPS OF ASSAM

2023

Published jointly by
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
&Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Assam
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

PACKAGE OF PRACTICES
FOR
RABI CROPS OF ASSAM
2023

Published jointly by
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat &
Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Assam
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

CONTENTS
CEREALS
1. Boro rice 1
2. Hybrid boro rice 5
3. Early ahu (Direct seeded) 8
4. Early ahu (Transplanted) 12
5. Wheat 19
6. Rabi maize 25
7. Baby Corn 29
8. Sweet Corn 30
9. Buck wheat 32
10. Foxtail millet 34
FORAGE CROPS
1. Oats 36
2. Lucerne 38
3. Subabul 39
4. Rye grass 40
PULSES
1. Summer blackgram 41
2. Summer greengram 44
3. Lentil 46
4. Pea 50
5. Soybean 53
6. Rajmah 57
7. Grass pea (Khesari) 59
8. Chickpea 62
OIL SEEDS
1. Rapeseed-Mustard 66
2. Yellow sarson 72
3. Linseed 73
4. Niger 75
5. Rabi/summer groundnut 77
TUBER CROPS
1. Potato 80
2. Potato from TPS 85
OTHER CROPS/ENTERPRISES
1. Tobacco 89
2. Tea 91
3. Construction of low cost vermicompost unit 97
3. Technologies for intensive cropping in different 98
agroclimatic zones
4. Technologies for management of specific systems 103
5. Apiculture 105
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

APPENDICES
I. Micronutrients and their use 109
II. Use of lime for integrated management of acid soil 110
III. IPM Module for managing insect pests of rice in Assam 111
IV. Technical and trades names of insecticides, acaricides, 112
Rodenticides and biopesticides
V. Technical and trade names of fungicides/antibiotics/plant 115
products/antagonists
VI. Technical and trade names of herbicides 117
VII. Technical and trades names of micronutrient formulation 118
VIII(A). Conversion table (Nutrient-Fertilizer) 118
VIII(B). Conversion table (Area) 118
IX. Micro preparation and measurements for agrochemicals 119
X. Pesticide calculation formulae 119
XI. Ready recokner for milliliter or grams of a commercial 120
pesticide to be added to one liter of water in order to
obtain the required concentration of spray solution
XII(A). Pesticides banned for manufacture, import and use in 121
India (25 nos.)
XII(B). Pesticides/pesticide formulations banned for use but their 123
manufacture is allowed for export
XII(C). Pesticides withdrawn 123
XII(D). Pesticides restricted for use in India 124
XII (E) List of prohibited pesticides 126
XIII. Pest management rating of commonly used insecticides 127
XIV(A).Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for summer 129
green gram for target yield of 10 q/ha
XIV(B).Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for summer 129
green gram for target yield of 12 q/ha
XV(A). Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for 130
normal sown rapeseed for target yield of 10q/ha
XV(B). Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for normal 130
sown rapeseed for Target Yield of 12 q/ha
XVI(A). Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for late sown 131
rapeseed for target yield of 10 q/ha
XVI(B). Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for late sown 131
rapeseed for target yield of 12 q/ha
XVII (A) Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for Hybrid 132
rice for target yield of 60 q/ha without FYM
XVII (B)Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for Hybrid 132
rice for target yield of 60 q/ha with 5t FYM/ha
XVII (C) Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for Hybrid 133
rice for target yield of 70 q/ha without FYM
XVII (D) Ready reckoner for fertilizer recommendation for Hybrid 133
rice for target yield of 70 q/ha with 5t FYM/ha
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS HANDBOOK

Agroclimatic Zones
N = North Bank Plains Zone
U = Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone
L = Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone
C = Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone
H = Hill Zone
B = Barak Valley Zone
Reaction to pests & diseases
R = Resistant
MR = Moderately Resistant
S = Susceptible
MS = Moderately Susceptible
T = Tolerant
Others
FYM = Farm Yard Manure
HYV = High Yielding Variety
a.i. =Active ingredient
RHSDRB = Rice Husk Saw Dust Rice Bran
Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

CEREALS
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Boro Rice
Varieties:

Variety Year of Sowing Planting Harvesting *Duration #Agro– Average

notifica time time time (Days) climatic Zone yield
tion (t/ha)

Boro 1 - Nov. Dec./Jan. Apr./May 150 N,U,C,L,B 3.0

Boro 2 - Nov. Dec./Jan. May 165 N,U,C,L,B 3.0

**IR-50 - Nov./Dec. Dec./Jan. Apr./May 155-160 C,B 3.0

Cauvery - Nov./Dec. Dec./Jan. Apr./May 150-155 B 3.0

Banglami - Nov./Dec. Dec./Jan. Apr./May 155-160 B 3.5

Joymati - Nov./Dec. Dec./Jan. May/Jun. 175 C,L 5.1

Dinanath - Nov Dec./Jan. Apr./May 160-165 N,U,C,L,B 6.28

Swarnabh - Nov Dec./Jan. Apr./May 160-165 N,U,C,L,B 6.16

Kanaklata 2017 Dec Jan-Feb May/June 165-175 U,C,L, B 5.0-5.5

Bina Dhan 11 2023 Jan February May-June 125-130 N,U,C,L,B 5-6

* Durations of the varieties are based on experiments at RARS, Titabar. In areas with
slightly higher winter temperature the duration will be shortened.
** Not recommended for blast endemic areas
# Refer to page iii for full forms of the abbreviations
Land selection:
Low-lying typical boro areas or irrigation command areas are to be selected.
Seed selection:
Seeds are to be put in plain water and the healthy seeds to be selected.
Seed treatment with chemicals:
(a) Wet method: After selection, the seeds are to be soaked directly in any one of the
following fungicidal suspensions for 24 hrs.

Fungicide Concentration (g/liter of water)

Carboxin 2.0

One liter of fungicidal solution is required to treat one kg of seed. Time required for

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

seed treatment with fungicidal solution is for >24 hrs and incubation for > 48 hrs.
(b) Dry method: Seeds are to be put in a closed container and then shake for five minutes
for thorough mixing with the following fungicide

Fungicide Concentration (g/kg of seed)

Carboxin 2.0

Raising of Seedlings:
(a) Seed-bed Preparation: Flat seedbed is recommended. Beds should be 125 cm wide
and 10 m long with 30 cm gap in between two beds. Six to eight such beds are required
for transplanting 1 bigha. Low poly-tunnel (height: 75cm, width: 125cm, length: as per
convenience) should be used for raising seedlings during the cold period (end of
December to mid-January). Polytunnel is a portable structure constructed with a
polythene sheet fixed onto a frame made of bamboo sticks. The structure is placed over
the seedlings on the seedbed to ensure favourable temperature for the growing
seedlings. Any gap between the polytunnel and the soil should be sealed with mud to
maintain warmth inside the tunnel during night. The structure should be removed for 1-
2 hrs daily, starting from the 7th day before uprooting in order to allow the seedlings to
acclimatize. The duration of removal should be increased gradually and the seedlings
should finally be kept completely exposed for about 2 days.
(b) Seed rate: Pre-germinated seeds are to be sown @ 0.65-1.0 kg per bed. Seed
requirement for transplanting one hectare of main field is 40-45 kg.
(c) Plant protection in seedbed:
a) Spraying with ediphenphos @ 1 ml/liter of water is to be done as soon as one-two
blast spots are seen.
b) For the control of insect pest any one of the following chemical could be sprayed

Insecticide Dosage

Chlorantraniliprole 20 SC 30g a.i /ha or 0.3 ml/l

Fipronil 5 SC 50g a.i./ha or 1.5-2ml/l

Imidachloprid 70 WG 24.5g a.i./ha or 0.3g/l

Thiamethoxam 25 WG 25g a.i./ha or 100g/ha

● High volume spray: 400 ml of water/10 sq.m

● Low volume spray: 100 ml of water/10 sq.m
(d) Age of seedlings: 5-6 leaf stage is suitable for planting.
Field preparation:
The field should be ploughed 3-4 times followed by laddering. Leveling should be done
properly to retain water uniformly in the field.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Fertility Management:

Land situation Nutrient requirement Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha) (kg/bigha)

N P2O5 K2 O Urea SSP MOP

Low lying area 0 0 0 0 0 0

Periphery of low-lying area 40 20 20 12 18 4

Irrigated area 60 30 30 18 27 6

N.B. For Barak Valley Zone and Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone, in the periphery of low
lying area, N-P2O5-K2O dose of 20-10-10 kg/ha (5 kg urea, 9 kg SSP and 2 kg MOP/bigha
is recommended).
Time of application:
In marshy areas, whole of super phosphate and muriate of potash is to be applied and
entire quantity of urea is to be top dressed after 21-25 days of transplanting. For irrigated area,
1/3rd urea as basal, 1/3rd at the time of tillering and the remaining part at panicle initiation stage
are to be applied. Super phosphate can also be incorporated into the soil at active tillering stage
25-35 days after transplanting along with second dose of N.
Transplanting:

Variety No. of seedling per hill Depth of planting Spacing row×

for marshy area (cm) plant (cm)

Mahsuri 2 5 25×20
Boro 1
Boro 2

Kalinga 2 2 5 20×20

Gap filling:
The dead hills are to be replaced within 7-10 days of transplanting.
Water management:
Irrigation water is to be applied to maintain 5.0±2 cm of standing water in the field after
2-3 days of transplanting up to 7-10 days before harvest. But under constrained availability of
water, 7 cm irrigation water may be applied one day after disappearance of ponded water.
Interculture:
Two weedings are to be given preferably at 20 and 40 days after transplanting. Weeder
can also be used after top dressing to incorporate the nitrogenous fertilizer with the soil. Pre-
emergence application of pretilachlor @ 0.75kg a.i./ha followed by rotary paddy weeder at 40
days after transplanting.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Plant protection:
A). Insect Pests: Plant protection measures to be adopted against insect pests at their
Economic Threshold Levels (ETLs) are given in Table 1.
To control rice pests, erect 50 Nos. of ‘T’-perches per ha 2 ft (60 cm) above
crop canopy as roosting site for insectivorous birds, which are to be removed before
flowering in order to prevent activity of granivorous birds
B). Diseases:
i). Blast: As soon as one or two spots on leaf are seen, the following spraying schedule is
to be followed immediately.

Fungicide Concentration

Ediphenphos 0.1% (1 ml/l)

Copper oxychloride 0.4% (4g/l)

◆ Volume of spray solution required is 525-750 liter /ha.

◆ Spraying is to be repeated at 10-15 days intervals till the disease gets controlled.
ii). Sheath blight:
For control of this disease, hexaconazole (2 ml/l) with 525-750 liters of spray
solution/ha is to be sprayed. Two sprays are required, the first at the appearance of the
disease and another at 10 days after the first spraying.
Spray 2 rounds of tebuconazole 25.9 EC @ 1.5 ml/l at 15 days interval starting just
after appearance of the disease to reduce Sheath Rot and Stem Rot incidence of rice.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Hybrid Boro rice

Varieties:

Variety Year of Duration Yield Agroclimatic Zone Pest and disease

notificati (days) (t/ha) reaction
on
Pro Agro 6444 2015 170-175 7.5 All the zones -
(Arize 6444)
KRH 2 - 175-180 6.0 All the zones -
PAC 837 2009 120-125 6-7 UBVZ, LBVZ, HZ Resistance to Blast; MR
& CBVZ to RTV & BS; tolerant
to GLH
Arize 6129 2017 115-120 6-7 UBVZ, LBVZ, HZ MR to BS, BLB &
& CBVZ Sheath Blight; tolerant
to blast & SB
Land selection:
Area with assured irrigation facilities are to be selected.
Seed treatment:
a) Wet method: Seeds are to be soaked directly in the following fungicidal suspensions for
24 hours.

Fungicide Concentration (g/liter of water)

Carboxin 2.0

b) Dry method: Seeds and the following fungicide are to be put in a closed container and for
five minutes for thorough mixing.

Fungicide Concentration (g/kg of seed)

Carboxin 2.0

Raising of seedlings:
a) Seedbed preparation: Flat seedbed with 1.25 m width, 10.0 m length and 30 cm gap
between two beds is to be prepared. Land is to be thoroughly puddled.
b) Seed rate: Pre-germinated seeds are to be sown @ 250-300 g/bed. Seed requirement
for transplanting one hectare of main field is 7.5kg.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

c) Manures and fertilizers: 20-30 kg FYM or compost, 80 g urea, 80 g SSP and 40 g

MOP are to be applied in each bed.
d) Sowing time: 15-30th November
e) Water management: Standing water in the furrows between beds is to be kept to
maintain saturated condition in the seedbeds. Irrigation up to submergence of beds
before uprooting of seedlings facilitates the process.
f) Plant protection: Same as boro rice.
g) Age of seedling: 45 days old seedling (5-6 leaf stage).
Main field preparation:
1. The field should be ploughed properly and leveled to retain water uniformly in the field.
2. First irrigation for soaking the land is to be applied before preparatory tillage. Second
irrigation is to be applied at 10-12 days prior to transplanting followed by ploughing,
laddering and puddling accompanied by repairing and mud plastering of bunds.
Thereafter, irrigation is to be applied for land submergence.
3. The final puddling is to be done just before transplanting. One irrigation is to be applied
before final puddling.
Fertility management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 100 Urea 217 29

P2O5 60 SSP 375 50

K2O 60 MOP 100 13

Time of application of fertilizer:

One fourth of total urea, full doses of SSP and MOP at the time of final puddling are to
be applied as basal dressing. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th doses of urea are to be applied as top dressing
and incorporated with soil at maximum tillering, panicle initiation and booting stages,
respectively.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION AS PER FERTILIZER PRESCRIPTION

EQUATIONS (FPE)
Fertilizer prescription equations can be used to find out the amount of NPK fertilizers
to obtain a certain yield target of the crop based on soil test values for NPK. The yield target
must not cross the potential yield of the crop. For hybrid rice, calculate fertilizer requirement
using Fertilizer Prescription Equation or consult the ready reckoner at Annexure XVII (A)-(D).
Fertilizer Prescription Equations (Only chemical fertilizer)
FN= 4.08 * T – 0.75 * STVN
FP= 1.39 * T – 2.57 * STVP
FP= 4.17 * T – 1.15 * STVK
Fertilizer Prescription Equations (Chemical fertilizer + FYM)
FN= 4.08 * T – 0.75 * STVN - 0.59 * M
FP= 1.39 * T – 2.57 * STVP - 0.37 * M
FP= 4.17 * T – 1.15 * STVK - 0.58 * M
Where FN FP & FK- Fertilizer N, P, and K; T- Targeted yield, STV- Soil test values,
M- FYM
Spacing: 20 cm × 15cm (33 hills/sq. m)
No. seedlings per hill: 1 (one)
Depth of planting: 5 cm
Gap filling:
The dead hills are to be transplanted within 7-10 days of transplanting.
Water management:
Irrigation water is to be applied at a depth of 5cm 3 days after disappearance of ponded
water from the date of transplanting.
Intercultural operation:
Two weedings are to be given at 3-4 weeks and 6-7 weeks after transplanting. Paddy
weeder can be used after top dressing to incorporate the nitrogenous fertilizer with soil.
Plant protection:
Plant protection measures against insect pests and diseases are same as for boro rice.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Early Ahu (Direct Seeded)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of # Agroclimatic zone Duration # Reaction to

notification (days) blast
A. Semi Dwarf
IR50* - U,C 110-120 S
Rasi - N,U,L 125-130 T
IR36 1982 - 120-130 -
Luit 1997 N,U,C,L 95-100 T
Kapilee - N,U,C,L 95-100 T
B. Tall
Banglami - N,L 115-120 S
Rangadoria - N,U 115-120 S
Dubaichenga - N,U 115-120 S
Dagaranga - N 85-95 S
Ihajit - C - -
Fapori ahu - C - -
Koijapori - L 95-105 S
Hasakumra - L 80-85 -
Guni - L 80-85 S
Koimurali - B 95-100 -
Nilajee - U,L - S
Harin Kajali - L 115-120 -
Dishang 1998 N,U,C,L,B 90-95 -
* Not recommended for blast endemic areas
# Refer to page iii for full forms of the abbreviations

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Newly recommended variety:

Variety Year of Plant Duration Sowing Trans Age of Yield *Agrocl Disease
notific height (days) time planti seedlings (q/ha) imatic reaction
ation (cm) ng (days) Zone
time
Kanaklata 2017 125 130-135 February March 25-30 40-45 U,C, MS to
L,B blast &
sheath
rot, and T
to BLB &
sheath
blight
Land selection:
Low lying areas having sufficient soil moisture even during January and February
should be selected. The land should be prepared by ploughing 3 to 4 times followed by
laddering. Proper leveling has to be done so as to retain water uniformly in the field.
Fertility management:
Compost or FYM @ 10 t/ha (15 q/bigha) is to be applied during initial ploughing.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
A. Dwarf variety
N 40 Urea 88 12
P2O5 20 SSP 125 18
K2O 20 MOP 33 4
B. Tall variety
N 20 Urea 44 4
P2O5 10 SSP 62 9
K2O 10 MOP 16 2
N.B.: For problem areas like flood affected areas of Majuli, where farmers have to take
some risk in growing early ahu crop before flood, need-based fertilizer is to be
recommended.
In absence of SSP, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) can be applied in proportion to the
quantities of N and P2O5 as suggested above.
1. Full dose of phosphatic fertilizer is to be applied at the time of final ploughing. Half

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

of the nitrogenous and potassic fertilizers have to be applied during 15-25 da

N.B.: For problem areas like flood affected areas of Majuli, where farmers have to take
some risk in growing early ahu crop before flood, need-based fertilizer is to be
recommended.
In absence of SSP, Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) can be applied in proportion to the
quantities of N and P2O5 as suggested above.
2. Full dose of phosphatic fertilizer is to be applied at the time of final ploughing.
3. Half of the nitrogenous and potassic fertilizers have to be applied during 15-25 days
after germination or after first weeding.
4. The second top dressing with the remaining quantities of nitrogenous and potassic
fertilizers should be done during 45-50 days after germination or after the second
weeding, but not later than panicle initiation stage.
Sowing time:
The optimum time of sowing is in the middle of February. For Barak Valley Zone, the
broadcast sowing should be done in March.
Seed selection: Same as in boro rice.
Seed treatment with chemicals:
A. Wet method: Same as in boro rice
B. Dry method: Same as in boro rice
Seed rate and sowing:
Sowing is done in lines with an inter-row spacing of 20 cm. Seeds are to be sown @ 75
kg/ha (10 kg/bigha)
Broadcasting:
For broadcast crops, seed rate of 85-105 kg/ha is to be used.
Interculture:
1. Weeding is preferably done with wheel hoe, dry land weeder or bindha followed by
laddering after 3 to 4 weeks from sowing. The second weeding should be done with
wheel hoe or dry land weeder at 2-3 weeks after the first weeding. If wheel hoe or dry
land weeder is not available, manual weeding should be given. Weeding should precede
fertilizer application.
2. Pre-emergence herbicide pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha after 2-3 days of sowing or post-
emergence herbicide bispyribac sodium @ 25.0 g a.i./ha at 2 to 3 leaf stage of dicot
weeds and sedges or 25-30 days after emergence of rice should be applied.
Plant Protection
A). Insect pests: Plant protection measures should be adopted against insect pests at their

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

economic threshold levels as given in Table 1. Wherever threshold level is not

mentioned, control measures are to be taken with the appearance of the pest. To control
rice pests, erect 50 ‘T’-perches per ha 2 ft (60 cm) above crop canopy as roosting site
for insectivorous birds, which are to be removed before flowering in order to prevent
activity of granivorous birds.
B). Root-knot nematode: Apply, Pseudomonus flourescens @ 20g/ sq. m at the time of
sowing. Apply Bacillus subtilis (1x108 cfu/g) @ 10 kg/ha before sowing to control rice
root knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola). The bioagent should be enriched in
well decomposed FYM (10 kg in 200 kg FYM) before application
C). Diseases
i). Blast: As in case of boro rice. Sheath blight: As in case of boro rice
War management: As in case of boro rice

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Transplanted Early Ahu

Varieties:

Varieties Year of rel #Agroclimatic Duration** Grain Reaction

zone (days) character to blast

A. Semi dwarf

Rasi - N,U,C,L,H 130-135 Medium slender T

IR-50* - N,U,C,B 115-125 Long slender S

Govind - N,U,B 115-125 Long slender T

IR-36 1982 C,L,B 125-135 Long slender T

Jaya 1969 N,U,C,B,H 140-145 Long bold -

IR-8 - U,C,B,H 140-145 Long bold -

Luit 1997 U,C,L,B 100-105 Long slender T

Kapilee - U,C,L,B 100-105 Long slender T

AAU Diphu 2022 H 100 Slender T

Dhan 4 (Haccha)
# Refer to page iii for full forms of the abbreviations
* Not recommended for blast endemic areas
** Durations of semi dwarf modern varieties are based on experiments conducted at
Titabar. Durations of traditional varieties are collected from Field trials of stations of
respective zones.
Land selection:
Areas with assumed irrigation facilities should be selected. Heavy to medium textured
soils are preferred.
Seed selection:
Seeds are to be put in plain water, stirred well and floated ones are to be rejected.
Sowing in nursery bed:
Seeds should be sown in nursery bed during mid-February.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Seed treatment with chemicals:

A. Wet method: Same as in boro rice.
B. Dry method: Same as in boro rice
Raising of seedlings:
a) Preparation of seedbed: Land is to be thoroughly puddle and seedbeds of 10 m
length and 1.25 m breadth are prepared with 30 cm gap in between beds.
b) Manures and fertilizers: In each seedbed, 20-30 kg cowdung or compost, 80 g urea,
80 g SSP and 40 g MOP are to be applied.
c) Seed rate: Well germinated seeds are to be sown @ 650 to 1000 g per bed. Seed
requirement for transplanting one hectare of main field is 40-45 kg.
d) Plant protection in seedbed:
1) As soon as one or two blast spots are seen. ediphenphos @ 1 ml/liter of water is to be
sprayed.
2) In case nematode is not a problem, any one of following insecticides is to be sprayed
against nursery insect pests as and when necessary. Generally, an insecticidal spray 5
to 7 days after sowing is effective against most pests.

Insecticide Dose

Chlorantraniliprole 20 SC 30g a.i /ha or 0.3 ml/l

Fipronil 5 SC 50g a.i./ha or 1.5-2 ml/l

Imidachloprid 70 WG 24.5g a.i./ha or 0.3 g/l

Thiamethoxam 25 WG 25g a.i./ha or 100 g/ha

● High volume sprayer: 400 ml of water/10 sq. m

● Low volume sprayer: 100 ml of water/10 sq. m.
e) Irrigation: Standing water in the furrows between the beds is to be kept to maintain
saturated condition in the seedbeds. An irrigation upto submergence of beds before
uprooting of seedlings facilitates the process.
Field preparation:
1. First ploughing is to be given at 21-24 days prior to transplanting. Irrigation for soaking
the land is to be applied before preparatory tillage.
2. Second irrigation is to be applied at 10-12 days prior to transplanting followed by
ploughing, laddering and puddling accompanied by repairing and mud plastering of

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

bunds. Thereafter irrigation is to be applied once again for land submergence.

3. The final puddling is done just before transplanting. Irrigation is applied before final
puddling (depth of each irrigation 5±2 cm). Excess water, if any, should be drained out
from the field.
Fertility management:
Well rotten FYM or compost has to be applied @ 10 t/ha in addition to the fertilizers at
rates given below in areas with moderate fertility level.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

A. Semi dwarf varieties

N 40 Urea 88 12

P2O5 20 SSP 125 18

K2O 20 MOP 33 4

B. Tall varieties

N 20 Urea 44 6

P2O5 10 SSP 62 9

K2O 10 MOP 16 2

In absence of SSP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) can be applied in proportion to the

quantities of N and P2O5 as suggested above.
Above rate of fertilizer will be valid for most of the rice growing areas of Assam. In
case of poor soil, fertilizer rates may be increased to the extent of [Link] kg/ha of N, P2O5
and K2O, respectively. Amrit or granular mixed fertilizers could be used with proper
adjustment.
Time of application of fertilizers:
Only one third of the total urea, full doses of super phosphate and potash at the time of
final puddling are to be applied. The 2nd one third and 3rd one third doses of urea are to be
applied at tillering and panicle initiation stages respectively. Top dressing of urea should be
preceded by weeding. Super phosphate can also be incorporated into the soil at the active
tillering stage (25-35 days after transplanting) along with 2nd dose of nitrogenous fertilizer.

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Use of Azolla to supplement nitrogenous fertilizer:

Nitrogenous fertilizers can be supplemented by using azolla. About 500 kg fresh
azolla/ha is to be inoculated in the field ponded with 5-10 cm depth of water for about 2-3
weeks prior to final puddling. At the time of inoculation 8-10 kg P2O5/ha in the form of SSP is
to be applied in the field, and the corresponding quantities of phosphatic fertilizer is to be
reduced at the time of transplanting.
Fresh azolla @ 500 kg/ha also can be applied in the standing water in transplanted crop
after establishment of seedlings. There is no need for application of additional phosphatic
fertilizer in the field at the time of inoculation with fresh azolla after transplanting when
recommended doses of phosphatic fertilizer is applied at the time of transplanting. Thereafter,
azolla will multiply itself to cover the field. Care should be taken to keep 5-10 cm depth of
water for rapid multiplication. Normally, sufficient quantities of biomass will be produced in
two weeks and then it should be incorporated into the soil. It is preferable to drain out water
before incorporation taking precaution so that azolla is not drained out with water.
Natural depressions and ponds or tanks may be used for azolla multiplication outside
the main field and can be incorporated at the time of land preparation @ 6 t/ha of fresh azolla.
Nitrogen dose can even be reduced upto 50% when azolla is applied /incorporated in the field.
Nutrient management in rice using Leaf Colour Chart (LCC):
Apply urea as top dressing only when LCC reading is less than 4. If LCC is more than
4 then avoid top dressing to save urea and labour cost. Check LCC from 14 days after
transplanting upto flowering at weekly interval.
Time of transplanting:
Transplanting is done by the end of March.
Transplanting:
Transplanting has to be done by putting 2-3 seedlings/hill at a depth of 4- 5 cm. The
spacing is 20×15 cm for semi-dwarf and 20×20 cm for tall traditional varieties. A wooden line
marker of required spacing may be used for this purpose.
Gap filling:
Replanting of dead hills has to be done within 7-10 days of transplanting.
Water management:
`Apply irrigation at 15 cm depletion of water from soil surface measured in field
installed perforated open plastic pipe (15 cm diameter and 30 cm length).
Description of the technology
A practical way to measure irrigation water precisely is by using a ‘field water tube’ (‘Pani
Pipe’) to monitor the water depth on the field. After irrigation, the water depth will gradually
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

decrease. When the water level has dropped to about 15 cm below the surface of the soil,
irrigation should be applied to re-flood the field to a depth of about 5 cm over surface.
When the field is flooded, check that the water level inside the tube is the same as outside
the tube. If it is not the same after a few hours, the holes are probably blocked with compacted
soil and the tube needs to be carefully re-installed. The tube should be placed in a readily
accessible part of the field close to a bund, so it is easy to monitor the ponded water depth. The
location should be representative of the average water depth in the field (i.e. it should not be in
a high spot or a low spot).
The field water tube can be made of 30 cm long plastic pipe or bamboo and should have a
diameter of 10−15 cm so that the water table is easily visible, and it is easy to remove soil
inside. Perforate the tube with many holes on all sides, so that water can flow readily in and
out of the tube. Hammer the tube into the soil so that 15 cm protrudes above the soil surface.
Take care not to penetrate through the bottom of the plow pan. Remove the soil from inside the
tube so that the bottom of the tube is visible.
Interculture:
Two weedings at 20 and 40 days after transplanting are suggested. Alternatively,
weeder can be used at the time of top-dressing nitrogenous fertilizer. For chemical control of
weeds post-emergence herbicide bispyribac sodium @ 25.0 g a.i./ha should be applied at 2-3
leaf stage of dicot weeds and sedges.
Plant protection:
A. Insect pests: Plant protection measures are to be adopted against insect pests at their
Economic Threshold Levels (ETLs) as given in Table 1.
To control rice pests, erect 50 ‘T’-perches per ha 2 ft (60 cm) above crop canopy as
roosting site for insectivorous birds, which are to be removed before flowering in order to
prevent activity of granivorous birds
B. Diseases:
(i) Blast : Hexaconazole 5EC @ 2 g/l is to be sprayed at tillering stage followed by two
sprayings of ediphenphos @ 1 ml/l at panicle initiation and when the tip of the panicle
just comes out.
(ii) Sheath blight: Two sprayings of hexaconazole @ 2 ml/l of water are to be given, the
first at appearance of symptoms and the other 10 days after the first spraying.
(iii) Sheath Rot and Stem Rot: Spray 2 rounds of tebuconazole 25.9EC @ 1.5 ml/l at 15
days interval starting just after appearance of the disease

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Table 1. Damage identification, Economic Threshold Levels (ETLs) and chemical control
of different insect pests of rice

Crop stage and Key pest ETL Insecticide Conc. Dose

damage identification (Technical Name) (%)

A. Nursery

Curling of leaves, leaf Thrips Moderate to Imidachloprid 70WG 24.5g a.i./ha

blade rolls, yellowish to severe Thiamethoxam 25WG 25g a.i. /ha
reddish discolouration

Yellowing and withering Leaf and Moderate to Imidachloprid 70WG 24.5g a.i./ha
of plants plant hoppers severe Thiamethoxam 25 WG 25g a.i /ha

Presence of dead heart Stem borer Moderate to Chlorantraniliprole 20SC 30g a.i. /ha
severe Fipronil 5SC 50g a.i. /ha

B. Main field (After transplantation)

Upon unfolding, the Whorl More than Fipronil 5SC 50g a.i./ha
edge of the central leaf maggot 20%
damaged
shows discoloured hills upto 30
(yellowish to whitish) days after
transplanting
patches

Leaf tissues scrapped Hispa 1 adult or 1 Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC 0.035 12.5g a.i./ha

in white parallel lines damaged Emamectin benzoate 1.9EC 8.08 g a.i./ha
leaf/hill

Presence of dead heart Stem borer 1 egg Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 30g a.i. /ha or
mass/sq.m @ 150 ml in
or 5% dead 500 liter per ha
hearts Fipronil 5 SC
50g a.i. /ha

Yellowing and Leaf and 10 insects/ Imidachloprid 70WG 24.5g a.i./ha

withering of plants plant hoppers hill or 2 Thiamethoxam 25WG 25g a.i. /ha
insects/ hill
in tungro
endemic
areas

Presence of silver shoots Gall midge 1 silver Fipronil 5SC 50g a.i. /ha
(galls) shoot/ sq.m Lambda-cyhalothrin EC 12.5ga.i./ha
in endemic
areas or 5%
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

silver shoots
in non
endemic
areas

C. Active tillering stage

Presence of tubular case Case worm 1-2 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 30g a.i. /ha or
by cutting the tips of the cases/hill @ 150 ml in
leaves, leaf tissues 500 liter for 1
scrapped in white ha
patches Cartap hydrochloride 50 SC 2 ml/l

Leaves are folded along Leaf folder More than 1 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 30g a.i. /ha @
margins by webbing damaged 150 ml in 500
them together leaf per hill liter for 1 ha
50g a.i. /ha
Fipronil 5SC
2 ml/l
Cartap hydrochloride 50 SC

Presence of silver shoots Gall midge 1 silver Fipronil 5SC 50g a.i /ha
(galls) shoot/sq.m. Lambda-cyhalothrin 5EC 12.5g a.i./ha
in endemic
areas or 5%
silver short
in non-
endemic
areas

Leaf tissues scrapped in Hispa 1 adult or 1- Lambda-cyhalothrin 5EC 12.5g a.i./ha

white parallel lines 2 damaged Emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC 8.08 g a.i./ha
leaves per
hill

Presence of dead heart Stem borer More than Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC 30g a.i. /ha
5% dead Fipronil 5 SC 50g a.i. /ha
heart
Cartap hydrochloride 50 SC 2 ml/l

D. Boot leaf to heading stage

Presence of partially or Rice bug 1-2 bugs/ NSKE 1500 ppm 0.5% 3-5 ml/l
completely chaffy grains sq.m
in the panicle

Presence of white Stem borer 1 moth/ Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 30g a.i. /ha
earhead sq.m. Fipronil 5SC 50g a.i./ha
Cartap hydrochloride 50 SC 2 ml/l

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Wheat
(Triticum aestivum)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Duration (days) Yield (q/ha) Remarks

notificati
on Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated

Sonalika 1967 102-107 115-120 18-20 30-35 -

UP 262 1977 106-111 120-125 19-25 30-35 -

HDR-77 1999 110-115 - 20-22 - -

DBW-14 2003 - 100-105 - 30-35 Recommended for all

zones except B & H,
sowing time Nov 5 – Dec
15,tolerant to Leaf blight,
Insect attack negligible

HUW-468 1997 - 105-110 - 25-30 Recommended for all

zones except B & H,
sowing time Nov 5 – Dec
15, tolerant to Leaf blight,
Insect attack negligible

HD 2967 2014 - 120-125 - 30-35 Adaptation: CBVZ,

LBVZ, NBPZ

DBW 39 2010 - 110-115 - 30-35 Adaptation: CBVZ,

LBVZ, NBPZ

# Refer to page iii for full forms of the abbreviations

Soil:
Sandy loam to silty loam soils, rich in organic matter are suitable. Clayey soil is not
suitable for wheat.
Field preparation:
The land is to be ploughed thoroughly and leveled properly. The first ploughing is done
preferably about one month ahead of sowing. Four to five ploughings followed by laddering

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

are required to obtain a good tilth.

Rotary Tillage with Rotavator and Reduced tillage (2-3 ploughings followed by
laddering) can be used profitably for wheat cultivation in rice-wheat system.
In rice-wheat cropping system, zero tillage with the use of Zero-till-cum-seed- cum-
fertilizer drill for sowing of wheat is recommended in light textured soil of Central
Brahmaputra Valley Zone and Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone.
Time of sowing:

Zone (Districts) Period

Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone (Nagaon & Morigaon) and November 5 to

Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone (Kamrup, Borpeta, Bongaigaon, December 15
Nalbari, Goalpara, Dhubri & Kokrajhar)

Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone (Sibsagar, Jorhat, Golaghat, November 5 to 30

Dibrugarh & Tinsukia) and Hills Zone (Karbi Anglong & N. C.
Hills)

North Bank Plain Zone (Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sonitpur & November 5 to 20

Darrang)

N.B.
i) In Sadia sub-division, middle of October is favourable time for sowing of wheat variety
“Sonalika”.
ii). The optimum time of sowing of wheat is when the mean temperature of 25°C prevails
in the areas.
iii). Growing of wheat after short duration rice is feasible in medium lowland situations.
Transplanting rice in mid-July and sowing wheat in late November with full
recommended dose of fertilizers for both the crops is necessary.
iv). Early sowing helps in utilizing residual soil moisture and escaping pre-monsoon rains.
Seed treatment:
Seed priming should be done by soaking the seeds overnight before sowing, for faster
emergence and uniform crop establishment. Seed treatment should be done with the following
fungicides.

Fungicide Dose/kg of seed Diseases

Carboxin 3g Loose smut

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Seed rate, spacing and method of sowing:

A seed rate of 100-120 kg/ha (13.34-16.0 kg/bigha) is adequate. Row to row distance
of 20 cm is to be maintained for optimum plant population. Depth of sowing should be 3-5 cm
but not deeper than 5 cm. After sowing the seeds in furrows, laddering should be done along
the furrows followed by another laddering across the furrows. This ensures compaction
resulting in uniform and quick germination. Seeds can be sown in line by ‘Pora’ ‘Kera’ or
‘Sirolua’ methods.
Surface seeding of wheat is recommended for low land rice-wheat cropping system
where excessive soil wetness is the main constraint for taking another crop after harvest of rice
in the Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone.
Fertility Management:
Fertilizer is to be applied in furrows at 10 cm deep, mixed and covered by 5 cm of soil.
The fertilizer can also be applied by broadcasting before last ploughing and mixed thoroughly
with the soil.
Under noted dosages of fertilizers are recommended sub-division wise for irrigated
conditions.

District Agril. Sub-division Dosages (kg/ha)

N P2O5 K2 O

Kokrajhar Kokrajhar 80 46 42

Sidli 80 46 42

Dhubri Dhubri 80 46 42

Goalpara Goalpara 60 34 42

Mancachar 60 34 42

Kamrup Guwahati 45 34 42

Rangia 80 46 42

Nalbari Nalbari 80 46 42

Barpeta Barpeta 80 46 42

Sonitpur Tezpur 80 34 42

Biswanath Biswanath 80 34 42

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Darrang Mongoldoi 60 34 46

Nagaon Nagaon 60 45 42

Morigaon Morigaon 60 35 42

Hojai Hojai 60 45 42

Sivasagar Sivasagar 60 45 42

Charaideo Charaideo - - -

Jorhat Jorhat 80 46 42

Majuli Majuli 60 30 20

Golaghat Golaghat 80 46 42

Sarupathar 80 46 42

Dibrugarh Dibrugarh 80 46 30

Tinsukia Tinsukia 80 34 24

Lakhimpur Lakhimpur 80 34 12

Karbi Anglong Karbi Anglong 80 23 36

Under irrigated condition, half of N and the whole quantity of P2O5 and K2O is to be
applied as basal and the remaining half of N at CRI stage just before first irrigation.
Under rainfed condition, N-P2O5-K2O @ 40-20-20 is recommended for all the zones.
In absence of SSP, DAP can be applied in proportion to the quantities of N and P2O5
suggested above. Granulated mixed fertilizers can be used for basal application only.
On the basis of availability, sufficient quantities of FYM should be incorporated in the
soil at the time of field preparation.
In addition to recommended dose of fertilizers, Zinc Sulphate @ 15 kg/ha (2 kg/ bigha)
should be applied as basal.
Borax as basal should be applied @ 7.5 kg/ha for Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone, 10
kg/ha for North Bank Plains Zone and Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone in addition to
recommended dose of N-P2O5-K2O fertilizers.
For higher yield of wheat, seed should be treated with Azotobacter and PSB (20g
each/kg seed), in addition to recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Water Management
Irrigation schedule:
In case of dry topsoil, pre-sowing irrigation is to be applied 3-4 days before sowing for
quick and uniform germination of seeds.
Two irrigations of 6 cm depth have been recommended for all the agroclimatic zones.
The first irrigation has to be applied at the CRI stage (20-25 days after sowing) of the crop and
the second one at the heading stage (70-75 days after sowing). Irrigation should be avoided
when the ground water table remains within 50 cm of the root zone.
Mulching:
Rice straw mulching with 3 irrigations of 6 cm depth each at CRI stage (20-25 DAS),
Booting stage (60-65 DAS) and milk stage (90-95 DAS) increases the grain yield of wheat with
higher monetary return in rice wheat system
Weed management:
Weeding is to be done when plants attain 4-5 leaf stage. Post emergence application
(30-35 days after sowing) of isoproturon @ 1.00 kg a.i./ha + metsulfuron methy @ l4.00g/ha
in 700 liters of water controls weeds effectively. Running twin wheel hoes in between rows
once at 20 days after seeding controls weed effectively.
Pre-harvest sprouting management
To prevent pre-harvest sprouting in wheat, spray 7.5% NaCl (Common salt) or 0.015%
(150 ppm) sodium molybdate at milk and maturity stage.
Plant protection:

Pesticides/Operation/ Dose/ha Conc.(%) Time of Insect/pests

Disease application
Rouguing of - - As soon as Loose smut
affected plants noticed

Thiamethoxam 25 WG 12.5 g a.i./ha - As soon as Aphid Cricket,

or 100g/ha or noticed mole cricket, red
0.3g/l ant, white ant
Zinc phosphide - Apply in Rat
poison bait bait stations
Bait composition:
Atta/crushed maize : 80 g
Gur : 10 g
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Dry fish or fried fish :5g

Zinc phosphide :5g
N.B.: Micronutrient preparations should be applied as foliar spray when micronutrient
deficiency is suspected.
Harvesting:
Wheat is to be harvested during sunny days as soon as it matures. The mature grain
produces a cracking sound when passed between teeth.
Storage:
Steps for storage of wheat for seed purpose are as follows:
1. Seeds should be collected from disease free fields.
2. Wet seeds should not be kept for seed purpose.
3. Seeds must be dried for 4 to 6 days or more to bring the moisture content below 12 per
cent.
4. Seeds can be preserved in sealed thick polythene bags or in tightly closed metallic
containers or ‘Juria duli’. When stored in ‘Juria duli’ or metallic bin.
5. Seeds should be examined periodically and if necessary, it should be dried and
repacked.
Protection of wheat seeds from insect pests during storage with the following practices:
- Dry the wheat seeds to reduce moisture content up to 11-12%
- Mix black peeper seed powder @ 6 g / kg seed thoroughly
- Store in gunny bags impregnated with polyethene in dry places

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rabi Maize
(Zea mays)
Varieties:

Varieties Duration (days) Yield (q/ha) under assured irrigation

Hybrids :

Ganga 101 145-150 50-55

Ganga 5 150-155 55-60

Composites :

Kishan 150-155 50-55

Vijay 155-160 55-60

Pratap 155-160 40-45

* Specially recommended for flood affected areas in agroclimatic zones U, L, N and B for
sowing in the middle of November
In case hybrids are grown, it is advised not to keep seeds from previous year’s harvest
for sowing in the following years. However, seeds from composite varieties can be kept for
sowing in the following year, without appreciable decrease in yield.
Land selection:
Well drained sandy loam soil is to be selected. Field should never be water-logged.
Field preparation:
Field should be ploughed thoroughly to obtain a deep, fine and firm tilth. Laddering
should be done properly for leveling as well as to conserve moisture in the soil.
Time of sowing:
The optimum time of sowing of rabi maize is middle of September to middle of
October. Sowing may be delayed up to middle of November, under exceptional circumstances,
but these results in delayed maturity. No sowing should be done after November 15.
Seed treatment:
Seeds are to be treated with carboxin @ 2 g/kg seeds. Seeds procured from NSC are
usually pretreated.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Seed rate, spacing and method of sowing:

A seed rate of 22.5 kg/ha (3 kg/bigha) is required for line sowing. Seeds are to be
dibbled in lines at a spacing of 60 cm × 25 cm to maintain a plant population of around 60,000
to 65,000/ha. A seeding depth of 3 cm is optimum for quicker germination.
Fertility management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 60*- 80** Urea 130-175 18-24

P2O5 40 SSP 250 33

K2O 40 MOP 65 8

* For short duration varieties, ** For long duration varieties

FYM @ 4.5 t/ha (6 q/bigha) should be applied at the time of field preparation. Whole
of P2O5 and K2O and half of N are to be applied in the furrows before sowing. The remaining
quantity of N is to be top dressed at 30 days after emergence of seedlings. Where irrigation
facilities are available, N should be applied in 3 split doses, one fourth, half and one fourth at
sowing, 30 days after seedling emergence (knee-high stage) and at the time of silking
respectively. Placement of fertilizer is more effective than broadcasting.
Interculture:
Light hoeing is to be given as and when necessary for better control of weeds.
Metribuzin 500 should be applied @ 0.5-1.0 kg a.i./ha in 1000 liters of water as pre-emergence
spray.
Plant protection:
A). Insect pests:
i). Stem borer: The dead hearts should be pulled out and destroyed to kill the lingering
stage of the pest in the stubbles.
ii). Aphids, cob borers, jassids and mites: Thiamethoxam 70 WS @ 1.75 g/kg of seed
can be used as seed dresser at the time of sowing against shoot fly and aphids.
B). Diseases:
i. Maydis leaf blight: Use of protective fungicides of hexaconazole @ 2ml/l at the time
of appearance of the disease symptoms or at knee-high stages.
ii. Turcicum leaf blight (also known as southern corn blight): The disease can be
controlled by 2-3 foliar sprays with hexaconazole @ 2 ml/l at 10-15 days interval.
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Application of urea followed by a light irrigation also helps to minimize the disease as
it sometimes becomes serious due to poor management.
iii. Seed rot and seedling blight: The best recourse to these problems is to sow certified
seeds from a reliable source, which is pretreated with desired fungicides. If one wants
to use his own seed, seed treatment is a must.
iv. Pythium stalk rot: Apply carboxin 2.5 kg/100 liters of water/ha at the lower internodes
of plants 30-35 days after planting. Drain out excess rainwater from the field.
v. Charcoal rot: Sow resistant cultivars e.g. Diara, Hinius, etc.
vi. Banded sclerotial disease: In areas where this disease is noticed the plant should be
sprayed with hexaconazole @ 2ml/l at an interval of 12-15 days.
C). Bird damage:
Maize cobs can be protected from granivorous birds by wrapping the cobs with adjacent
leaves of the same plant at vulnerable grain maturity stage in outer 3 border rows. Also, erect
Shining Reflective Ribbon Stripes 1 feet above the crop canopy in North-South direction with
twisting to reflect the sunlight for better protection.
Irrigation:
Irrigation is needed at grand growth period, and tasseling and grain setting stages of the
crop, which will vary according to duration of varieties as mentioned below:

Irrigation Stage of crop Short duration Medium Long duration

No. variety duration variety variety

1st Grand growth period 35-40 DAS - 45-50 DAS

2nd Tasseling 55-60 DAS - 70-75 DAS

3rd Grain setting stage 85-95 DAS 100-115 DAS 110-115 DAS

Excess irrigation should be avoided as maize cannot withstand waterlogging.

Intercropping:
Maize should be sown in paired rows of 50 cm between pair and 70 cm gap is to be
given between two pairs. Two rows of black gram should be sown in-between two pairs of
maize along with residue retention as mulch.
Harvesting:
Cobs are harvested when the husk cover turns pale yellow. This does not necessarily
coincide with complete drying of the plant, and therefore, one should not wait till the plant
becomes bone dry. It should not be harvested immediately after a shower. The harvested ears

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

should be sun-dried before shelling. Grains should again be dried after shelling and stored in
gunny bags.
Use of Maize:
Maize or corn flour is used as atta by mixing with wheat flour. Mixed with soybean
flour, it makes good atta for making chapatti. Corn flakes are delicious diet for men of all ages.
Corn flour can also be made into a good halwa. Crushed grains are nutritious feed for cattle,
poultry and fish. Stovers are also used as cattle-feed by making pieces with a chaffcutter. Maize
starch is used by modern industries for manufacture of various fabrics. Corn (maize) oil is an
important cooking medium.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Baby corn
(Zea mays L)
Zones: All Zones
Variety: G-5414, G-5411, HM-4 and Golden Baby
Land Preparation: Field should be ploughed thoroughly to obtain a deep, fine and firm tilth.
Seed Rate: 20 - 25 kg /ha (2.66 - 3.33 kg/bigha) Seed
Seed Treatment: Carboxin @ 2g/kg of seed
Sowing Time: Middle of October to middle of November (as Rabi)
Spacing: 45 cm x 20 cm
Fertilizer and Manure: FYM @ 5t/ha

Nutrients Requirement (kg/ha) Source Fertilizer requirement

kg/ha kg/bigha
N 120 Urea 260 35
P2O5 60 SSP 375 50
K2O 60 MOP 100 13.3
ZnSO4 Heptahydrate 22.5 3
Weeding and Interculture:
Light hoeing and earthing up should be done as and when necessary
Detasseling:
It is essential operations; it is done by removing the tassel of the plant as soon as it
emerges from the flag leaf and before it starts shedding pollen grains.
Harvesting:
Harvesting of baby corn will be ready when corn silk comes out 2-4 cm from the top of
ears, usually in 3-5 days after their emergence. Maximum 4-5 times harvesting of cob is
possible from a single plant depending upon plant health.
Storing:
To be stored at 0-5°C to maintain the high quality of the product. It is better to transport
with frozen containers when exported.
Cob Yield: 7-9 t/ha (with husk); 2-3 t/ha (without husk)
Green fodder yield: 30 -33 t/ha

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Sweet Corn
(Zea mays L. Saccharata)
Zones: All Zones
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Duration Green cob Special Characters

notifica (Days) yield (t/ha)
tion (Dehusked)

Sugar-75 78-85 16-20 Vigorous plant growth with 5-6

feet height, Kernel colour: Golden
yellow, Sugar: 15-16 Brix

Hy-brix 53 (ADVSW-2) 2017 13.7 -

CANDY (KSCH-333) 2015 11.9 -

NSCH-12 (mISTHI) 2013 75-85 14.94 -

VL Sweet Corn-1 2016 75-85 13.7 Sturdy plant with medium height;
(FSCH18) yellow dent flat

VL Sweet Corn-1 2019 72-75 9.5-10.3 Sturdy plant with medium height;
yellow grains; TSS: 14.5-15.3%

Soil Type : Sandy loam soils are preferable

Land Preparation : Field should be ploughed thoroughly to obtain a deep, fine and firm
tilth
Time of sowing : The optimum time of sowing of Sweet corn is middle of October to middle
of November
Field Preparation : The land should be ploughed 4-6 times followed by laddering to obtain
a deep, fine and firm tilth
Seed rate : 6 - 8 kg/ha (800 – 1067 g/bigha)
Seed Treatment : Treat the seeds with Carboxin @ 2 gm/kg of seed before sowing
Spacing : For line sowing Seeds are to be dibbed in line at a spacing of 50 cm x 20 cm to
maintain a plant population of around 1,00,000/ha
Weeding and Interculture: Light hoeing and earthing up should be done within 25-30 DAS

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Irrigation : Irrigation should be applied at knee high stage and flowering / tasseling stage
Fertilizer and Manure:

Nutrients Requirement Source Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 123 Urea 260 35

P2O5 60 SSP 375 50

K2O 50 MOP 84 11

ZnSO4 Monohydrate Fertilizer Grade 22.5 3

FYM @ 5 t/ha (667 kg/bigha) should be applied at the time of field preparation. Whole P2O5,
K2O, ZnSO4 and half of N are to be applied in the furrow before sowing. The remaining
quantity of N should be top dressed in 2 split doses, one half during earthing up (25-30 DAS)
and second half during silking stage. Furrow application of fertilizer is more effective than
broadcasting.
Harvesting : Harvest when corn attain in milk stage just after 25-30 days after cob filling
Green Cob Yield: 25-30 t/ha
Green fodder: 30 -35 t green fodders can be harvested form one hectare of land
B:C Ratio : 4.44-5.65

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Buckwheat (Dhemchi)
(Fagopyrum esculentum L.
syn. Polygontum fagopyrum)

Variety: Local
Duration: 90-110 days
Soil type: Sandy loam
Land preparation:
The land should be ploughed thoroughly and leveled properly. Four to five ploughings
followed by laddering are sufficient to obtain a good tilth. The first ploughing should be done
preferably about one month ahead of sowing.
Time of sowing:
Sept-Oct for Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone and Oct-Mid Nov. for Lower
Brahmaputra Valley Zone
Seed rate: 20 kg/ha (2.7 kg/bigha)
Spacing: 30 cm between rows
Method of sowing:
Furrows of about 5 cm depth are to be prepared at a distance of 30 cm. Seeds are to be
sown in the furrows preferably at 3-5 cm depth but not deeper than 5 cm. Then laddering is to
be done along the furrows which will cover the seeds with soil and ensure soil compaction
resulting in uniform and quick germination.
Fertilizer management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 20 Urea 44 6

P2O5 10 SSP 63 9

K2O 10 MOP 15 2

All the fertilizers are to be applied by thoroughly mixed with soil, preferably one day
before sowing.
Weed control:
Weeding should be done before the weed plants attain 4-5 leaf stage. Dryland weeder
may effectively be used.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Plant protraction:
A). Insect pests:
i). Aphid: When the aphid attack is heavy, imidacloprid 17.8SL @ 20.0 g a.i./ha or 0.3 ml
/ l may be applied.
Spray solution requirement for hand sprayer and power sprayer are 500-700 liter/ ha
(65-90 liter/bigha) and 200-250 liter/ha (25-30 liter/bigha) respectively.
Bee pollination:
For enhancing yield through increased pollination, 5-6 numbers of honeybee colonies/
ha should be installed.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when the grains turn blackish and ears are dry. After
harvesting, the plants are to be kept in the field for 2-3 days for sun drying. Threshing is done
by treading with bullocks or beating the plants with sticks.
Average yield: 12-15 q/ha
Uses:
After threshing, the grains are to be dehusked in dhenki, a locally used dehusking
device. The dehusked grains are pure white and flour is made out of the grains. The flour is
used to make chapattis. Sometimes it is mixed with wheat and barley flour. The tender green
plants are used as green vegetables and the straw of plants are used for cattle feed. The dried
plants can be used as firewood.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Foxtail Millet (Cawn)

(Setaria italica)

Variety: Local (yellow grain type)

Duration: 100-120 days
Soil type: Silt loam to Sandy loam
Field preparation:
The field should be prepared thoroughly by giving 4-6 ploughings followed by one
laddering to obtain a fine tilth.
Time of sowing:
Middle of January to middle of February (the best time is last week of January).
Seed rate:
Seed rate is 8-10 kg/ha, which may be increased to 15 kg/ha under broadcast sowing.
Spacing: 25 cm between rows.
Method of sowing:
Furrows of 5 cm depth are to be prepared at 25 cm apart. Seeds are to be placed in the
furrow preferably at 3-5 cm depth but not below 5 cm depth. Laddering should be done along
the furrows to cover the seeds with a soil layer of about 3-5 cm. Laddering also ensures
compaction of soil which results in uniform and quick germination.
Fertilizer:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
N 20 Urea 44 6
P2O5 10 SSP 63 9
K2O 10 MOP 17 2
Full doses of inorganic fertilizer are to be applied in soil preferably one day before
sowing. The fertilizer should be thoroughly mixed with soil.
Weed control:
Weeding should be done manually before the weed plants attain 4-5 leaf stage. Dry land
weeder may effectively be used in case of line sowing.
Plant protection:
A). Insect pests:

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

i). Gundhi bug: When the attack of gundhi bug is observed in the field, neem seed kernel
extract (NSKE) 1500 ppm @ 3-5 ml/l may be applied for its effective control.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when the millet panicles turn yellowish.
Threshing:
Immediately after harvest, threshing is to be done by treading with bullocks or by foot.
Uses:
The grains are to be dehusked with ‘dhenki’, a locally used dehusking device. The
dehusked grains can be cooked like rice. It makes good porridge. It is also used in making flour
and ‘laddus’. The straw can be used as cattle feed.
Average yield: 12 q/ha.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

FORAGE CROPS

Oats
(Avena sativa)
Varieties:

Varieties GFY DMY Adaptation Disease & pest Crude Crude Ash
reaction protein fibre
Kent 483 96.6 Rabi season Resistant to rust & 9.98- 31-34% 1.78-
blight disease, 12.44 % 1.94 %
Lodging resistant
Phule 320- 50-60 Rabi season Resistant to 12.5- 30-35% -
Hariata 340 q/ha Anthracnose, Crown 14.5%
(RO-19) q/ha rust, Loose smut,
Powdery mildew,
Barley yellow dwarf
virus, Army Worms,
Stinkbugs,
Wireworms, Aphids
JHO-99-2 320- 50 - Rabi season Resistant to diseases 12.5- 32-35% 1.9-
(Multi cut 340 60 - PM, anthracnose, 14.5% 2.1%
purpose) q/ha q/ha CR, LS & bean
yellow dwarf virus;
resistance to insect
pests armyworm,
sting bug, wireworm
& aphids.
Soil: Well drained silty loam, sandy loam soils are suitable. In such soils it can be grown after
sali paddy.
Field Preparation : Oats need fine compact seedbed.
Time of Sowing : Mid-October to December
Seed Rate : 100 kg/ha. (13-14 kg/bigha)
Spacing: Seeds are to be sown in rows 25-30 cm apart in furrows at a depth of 4-5 cm

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Fertility Management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 40 Urea 88 12

P2O5 20 SSP 125 17

K2O 20 MOP 33 4

Application of 54 kg urea, 125 kg SSP and 33 kg MOP per hectare as basal dose and
34 kg urea after first cutting (60-70 days after sowing) as top dressing is essential. 50%
recommended dose of fertilizer + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + FYM @ 2.5t/ha should be applied
if oat is grown in fodder-based cropping sequence.
Irrigation:
Oats can be grown successfully as rainfed crops. If the soil is dry, first irrigation is to
be applied immediately after sowing, second at maximum tillering (45 days after sowing) and
third immediately after the first cutting.
Interculture: One weeding is necessary 3 to 4 weeks after sowing.
Cutting:
First cutting is to be done at 60-70 days after sowing, and second cutting at 50%
flowering. The crop should be cut at a height of 8 to 10 cm from the ground level.
Seed Production:
Oats seeds can be obtained by allowing the crop for seed setting after the first cutting.
One fifth of a hectare produces seeds sufficient for sowing one hectare.
Special practices for cultivating of oats after sali rice:
● Cutting of rice stubbles at ground level.
● Application of minimum tillage with one cross ploughing.
● Application of recommended dose of fertilizer @ 20-20-20 :: N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha
● Seed inoculation with Azospirillum @ 40 g/kg seed and PSB @ 40 g/kg seed.
● Sowing of seeds behind the plough with row spacing 25 cm
● Top dressing N @ 20 kg/ha after the first cut at 50 DAS.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Lucerne
(Medicago sativa)
Varieties:

Varieties Duration Green forage Dry forage No. of

(days) (q/ha) (q/ha) cuttings

LL-Comp 5 75 298 49.66 1

T9 75 280 42.42 1

Spacing: Rows 25 cm apart

Seed Rate: 20 kg/ha
Time of Sowing: October to November
Fertilizer management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 25 Urea 56 7.5

P2O5 87 SSP 539 17

K2O 40 MOP 66 4

Irrigation:
Two to three irrigations are necessary at weekly intervals for establishment of the crops
and subsequent irrigations depend upon soil moisture status.
Cutting Details:
a) Numbers of cutting: As many cutting as possible
b) Time of cutting: First cutting is to be done at 55 to 60 days after sowing and subsequent
cuttings at an interval of 30 to 35 days.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Subabul
(Leucaena leucocephala)

Varieties:

Varieties Spacing Green forage stem Green leaves Dry leaves

& leaves (q/ha) (q/ha) (q/ha)

Hawain 1 m x 20 cm 850.00 83.33 51.41

Common 1 m x 30 cm 1128.83 162.50 87.07

Seed Rate: 3 to 4 kg/ha

Seed Treatment: Dipping seeds in boiling water at 80oC for proper germination is necessary.
Fertilizer and manure: FYM @ 3 t/ha or 4 q/bigha

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 20 Urea 45 6

P2O5 50 SSP 310 42

K2O 0 MOP 0 0

Time of Sowing: March to September

Cutting Management:
First cutting should be taken at 50 days after sowing, leaving 60 cm stubble height; and
2 and 3rd cuttings at 40 days interval with stubble heights of 75 cm and 90 cm respectively.
nd

Rest of the cuttings will also be taken at 40 days interval with 90 cm stubble height

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rye grass
(Lolium sp.)
Adaptation: All agroclimatic Zones
Variety: PRG-1, Makhan grass
Land preparation:
One primary tillage followed by 2-3 harrowing. Land should be leveled properly and
free from stubbles.
Sowing Time: November to Mid-December
Seed Rate: 15 - 20 kg/ha
Method of Sowing: Line sowing/ broadcasting. If sown in line sow at 30 cm spacing.
Fertilizer management: Apply FYM @ 5 t/ha in addition to the following fertilizer dose

Nutrients Requirement Source Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 60 Urea 130 17

P2O5 30 SSP 188 25

K2O 30 MOP 50 7

1/3rd N and full dose of P and K should be applied as basal. Top dressing N @ 20kg
/ha after each cut
Irrigation:
Three most important stages of irrigation are:
1. At sowing time
2. 35 days after sowing or at maximum tillering period
3. Immediately after the first cut and subsequent cut
Number of Cuttings:
1st cut at 50-60 days after sowing (DAS)
2nd cut at 80-90 DAS and third cut at 30-35 days after second cut
The crop should be cut at a height of 5-6 cm. above the ground at first cut and second cut.
Green Fodder Yield: 350-400 q/ha (Total of 3 cuts).

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

PULSES

Summer black gram

(Vigna mungo L.)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Duration Days to first Grain yield Reaction to diseases

notificatio (days) picking (q/ha)
n
Pant U 19 1996 75-85 65-70 10-12 Tolerant to YMV and
Cercospora leaf spot
SBC 40 - 75-85 65-70 10-12 Resistant to YMV and
Cercospora leaf spot
Time of Sowing:
The optimum time for sowing summer black gram is from mid-February to March
Soil Type:
Black gram can be grown on a wide range of soils, but sandy loam soil is preferable.
Field Preparation:
The land is to be ploughed 2-3 times followed by leveling.
Fertility Management:
Application of FYM or compost @ 4-5 t/ha or 6 q/bigha not only adds fertility but also
improves soil structure.
Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement
(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
A. Without Rhizobium culture
N 15 Urea 32 4.5
P2O5 35 SSP 220 30
K2O 15 MOP 25 3.5
B. With Rhizobium Culture :
N 10 Urea 22 3
P2O5 35 SSP 220 30
K2O 15 MOP 25 3.5

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 75 kg/ha or 10 kg/bigha can be applied in lieu of

urea and SSP in non-inoculated crop. N-P2O5-K2O may also be supplied in the form of mixed
fertilizers.
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in area where multiple cropping is practiced.
Seeds are to be moistened carefully with clean water so as to avoid excessive wetting.
Rhizobium culture is to be mixed with seeds @ 50 g/kg so that a thin layer of inoculum is
deposited on the seed coat. Treated seeds are to be dried under shade. Inoculated seeds should
not be exposed to sun.
Seed Rate:
Line sowing : 22.5 kg/ha (3.0 kg/bigha)
Spacing:
Row to row : 30 cm
Plant to plant : 10 cm
Interculture:
One weeding at 20 – 25 days after sowing is to be done.
Plant Protection

Disease/ Fungicide/ Dose Conc. Spraying interval

Insect pest Pesticide (%)

A. Diseases:
Leaf spot Cu-oxychloride 1.8-2.0 kg in 600-700 0.3 7-10 days
liter of water

Blight Hexaconazole 1.2-1.4 l/ha in 600-700 0.2 12-15 days

liter of water
Powdery Wettable sulphur 1-1.4 kg/ha in 500- 0.2 As soon as disease
mildew 700 liters of water appears
B. Insect pests :
Aphids & Lamda-cyhalothrin 150-250 ml/ha - -
Jassids 5EC
Pod borer Chlorantraniliprole 20 g a.i./ha - -
18.5 SC
Harvesting:

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Harvesting is to be started when pods mature indicating full darkish colour and brittle
on slight pressure. Harvesting should be completed in 2 to 3 pickings.
Protection against storage pests:
Properly dried seeds of black gram should be mixed thoroughly with black pepper seed
powder @ 3 g/kg of seed for protection against bruchid infestation during storage. Treated
seeds should be kept in polybags with outer covering of gunny bags.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Summer green gram

(Vigna radiata L.)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Duration Grain yield Days of 1st Reaction to diseases

notificat (days) (q/ha) picking
ion
K 851 - 70-75 10-12 60-65 Tolerant to YMV and
Cercospora leaf spot
Pratap 1999 65-75 10-14 -do- Tolerant to Cercospora leaf
(SG-1) spot & susceptible to YMV

Soil:
Well drained sandy loam soil is preferable.
Field Preparation:
Field is to be ploughed 2-3 times followed by leveling. Surface drains are to be provided
to facilitate quick removal of excess water from the field.
Time of Sowing:
The optimum time of sowing is from mid-February to mid-March.
Fertility Management: Same as in black gram
Soil application of 0.4 % (w/w) biochar (80 kg/bigha) produced from weed biomass or
crop residue along with RDF
FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS AS PER FERTILIZER PRESCRIPTION
EQUATIONS (FPE)
Fertilizer prescription equations can be used to find out the amount of NPK fertilizers
required to obtain a certain yield target of the crop based on soil test values for NPK. The FPEs
can be used under cultivation practices where only chemical fertilizers are used and where
chemical fertilizers + FYM/Vermicompost/Enriched compost etc. are applied. The FPEs are
valid for different varieties of the same crop having not more than 15% variations in yield. The
amount of NPK fertilizers will vary according to yield target and soil test values. Yield target
must not cross the potential yield of a particular crop.
Only Chemical Fertilizers
FN =11.37 x T - 0.62 x STVN
FP =3.82 x T - 0.22 x STVP
FK =12.81 x T - 1.29 x STVK

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Chemical Fertilizers + FYM

FN =11.37 x T - 0.62 x STVN - 0.13 x OM
FP =3.82 x T - 0.22 x STVP - 0.17 x OM
FK =12.81 x T - 1.29 x STVK - 0.2 x OM
where, FN, FP, FK-Fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O; STVN, STVP, STVK-Soil Test Values for
N, P2O5, K2O, T-Targeted yield, OM- Organic component (FYM, Vermicompost,
Enriched Compost etc).
*Seeds should be inoculated with 150 g of Rhizobium culture/3-4 kg of seeds.
Ready Reckoners for two yield targets for this equation are given in Appendix-IIIa &
IIIb.
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.
Seed inoculation:
For inoculation with Rhizobium culture, either Majuli 19 or any other suitable strains
may be used. Seeds are inoculated @ 50 g/kg of seeds. Detailed instructions are available in
each packet of culture (for details of procedure for seed inoculation, refer to black gram). Also
inoculate seeds with PSB @ 50 g/kg seed.
Seed rate: 22.5 kg/ha or 3 kg/bigha
Spacing:
Row to row: 30 cm
Plant to plant: 10 cm
Interculture:
One weeding is to be done at 20-25 days after sowing.
Plant Protection: Same as in black gram
i) Spraying of spiromesifen 22.9 SC @ 1.25 ml/liter of water at vegetative and
reproductive stages of mung bean is effective against sucking pests.
Harvesting:
Harvesting is to be done when 75% of the pods turn darkish in colour and splits on
pressure. Harvesting should be completed in 2-3 pickings.
Protection against storage pests:
Properly dried seeds of green gram should be mixed thoroughly with black pepper seed
powder @ 3g/kg of seed for protection against bruchid infestation during storage. Treated seeds
should be kept in polybags with outer covering of gunny bags.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Lentil
(Lens culinaris)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Duratio Yield Disease Protein Zone for Adaptation

notifica n (days) (q/ha) reaction content which
tion (%) recommen
ded

Pant L 406 1980 120-125 10-12 - - All zones Pant L 406

(Medium (Medium
seeded seeded
branched semi branched
spreading semi
variety) spreading
variety)

HUL 57 2005 112-115 12-14 Resistant to 24.50 CBVZ, Rabi season

(Small Seeded rust & LBVZ &
Lentil Variety) tolerant to UBVZ
wilt

Axom Masur 1 - 115-120 12-14 Moderately 27.60 All zones Rabi season
(SL 2-24) resistant to except
wilt BVZ

Axom Masur 2 - 115-120 12-14 Moderately 26.90 All zones Rabi season
(SL 2-28) resistant to except
wilt BVZ

PL 9 2017 115-135 13-14 Resistant to 26.00 CBVZ, Rabi Season

Aschophyta LBVZ,
blight and
rust and UBVZ and
moderately NBPZ
resistant to
wilt

Soil type: Loam or silty loam is preferable.

Time of Sowing: Mid-October to mid-November.
Field Preparation: The field is to be ploughed 3-4 times to obtain a good tilth.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

A. Without Rhizobium culture

N 15 Urea 32 4.5

P2O5 35 SSP 220 30

K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3

B. With Rhizobium Culture :

N 10 Urea 22 3

P2O5 35 SSP 220 30

K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3

Fertility Management:
In both the cases vermicompost @ 1 t/ha or FYM @ 2 t/ha as basal.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 75 kg/ha or 10 kg/bigha is to be applied in lieu of
urea and SSP in non-inoculated crop. N-P2O5-K2O may also be supplied in the form of mixed
fertilizer.
Foliar spray of 2% urea at branching (35 DAS) and pod formation (75 DAS) stages in
addition to the recommended dose of P & K. In addition to fertilizer dose of 10-26-15 N-P2O5-
K2O kg/ha, Ammonium molybdate 0.5 kg/ha (67 g/bigha) and 20 kg ZnSO4/ha (2.7 kg/bigha)
should be applied to soil.
Seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium and PSB and ZSB each @ 50 g/kg of seed
along with basal application of 15 kg ZnSO4.7H2O/ha (2 kg/bigha)
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.
Seed priming: Soak the seeds for 6 hrs and dry under shade to bring it back to almost the
original weight.
Seed Inoculation with Rhizobium Culture:
Seeds are to be moistened with clean water avoiding excess wetting and Rhizobium
culture @ 50 g/kg of seeds and PSB @ 50 g/kg seed are to be inoculated.
Seed Rate: The optimum seed rate is 30 kg/ha or 4 kg/bigha.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Conservation agriculture practice

In zero-tilled lentil after rice, broadcast seeds @ 45 kg/ha or 6 kg/bigha immediately
after harvest in moist loamy soil keeping 30 cm high rice stubbles. Sowing should be completed
within November. Seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium (50g/kg seed) + Sodium
molybdate (1 g/kg). Apply 75% N (11.25 kg/ha or 1.5 kg/bigha) along with 100% P2O5 (35
kg/ha or 4.7 kg/bigha) and 100% K2O (15 kg/ha or 2 kg/bigha) at the time of sowing. Under
rice utera condition, 45 kg/ha or 6 kg/bigha seed rate should be used. Lentil variety HUL 57
and KLS 218 may be used for rice utera condition.
Under rice utera condition, 5-13-0 N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha (incubating with 10 parts soil for
two days) should be applied at the time of sowing. After the harvest of rice, 5-13- 15 N-P2O5-
K2O kg/ha (incubating with 10 parts soil for two days) should be top dressed. Seed should be
inoculated with Rhizobium and PSB each @ 50 g/kg seed. At branching and pod initiation, 2%
urea should be sprayed.

Nutrients Requirement (kg/ha) Source Fertilizer requirement

At sowing After Harvest

At After rice kg/ha kg/bigha kg/ha kg/bigha

sowing Harvest

N 5 5 Urea 11 1.5 11 1.5

P2O5 13 13 SSP 81 11 81 11

K2O 0 15 MOP 0 0 25 3.3

Spacing:
The seeds are to be sown in line at a spacing of 25 cm between rows and 5-7 cm from
seed to seed.
Interculture:
Two weedings at 20 and 30 DAS or apply oxfluorofen @ 150 g./ha as pre-emergence
followed by 1 hand weeding at 20 DAS.
Irrigation:
If necessary and available, one light irrigation is to be given during pod filling stage.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Plant Protection:

Disease Fungicide/other Dose/ Mode of

measures concentration application

Rust Tebuconazole 25 0.1% (600-700 ml mixed with

EC 600-700 liter water/ha) (80-90
ml/80-90 liter water/bigha)
Three foliar sprays
0.2% (1200-1400
Or just after the
application of
Propiconazole 0.2% (1200-1400 ml mixed appearance of
with 600-700 liter water/ha) disease at 10 days
(160-185 ml/80-90 liter water interval.
Or
/bigha)

Hexaconazole 0.2% (1200-1400 ml mixed

with 600-700 liter water/ha)
(160-185 ml/80-90 liter water
/bigha)

Wilt Carboxin 2 g/kg of seed Seed treatment

Wet rot Infected plants are to be collected along with sclerotia & burnt. The
or following spray schedule may also be adopted

white blight Hexaconazole 0.2% (1200-1400 ml mixed Foliar spray

with 600-700 liter water/ha)
(160-185 ml/80-90 liter water
/bigha)

Spray azoxystrobin 23 SC @ 1 ml/l at initiation of the disease and two more sprays at
15 days interval for management of Stemphylium blight of lentil.
Protection against storage pests:
Properly dried seeds of lentil should be mixed thoroughly with black pepper seed
powder @ 3g/kg of seed for protection against bruchid infestation during storage. Treated seeds
should be kept in poly bags with outer covering of gunny bags.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when 70-80 % pods turn yellow to brownish in colour.
Average yield: 12.0 q/ha

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Pea
(Pisum sativum L)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Sowing Duration Yield Agroclimatic Pest reaction

notificati time (days) (q/ha) zone
on
Rachna 1980 October 120-125 10-12 All Zones Tolerant to powdery
mildew, Tall (135-
138 cm)
FP-255 2004 October 108 11.49 Hill Zone Moderately resistant
(Pant-14) to rust
AAU SHN 2023 October 105-107 14-15 All Zones of Resistant to powdery
Motor 01 Assam mildew and tolerant
(Xeuti) to rust disease.
Moderately resistant
to pod borer, aphids
and leaf minor under
field conditions
Soil Type:
Peas can be grown on a variety of soils. Well drained light soils are suitable.
Liming:
After soil test to bring pH around 6.0, requisite quantity of lime is to be applied at least
21 days before sowing.
Time of Sowing:
The optimum time of sowing is mid-October to mid-November
Field Preparation:
Peas generally require reasonably deeply worked soils. The field is to be ploughed 3 to
4 times to obtain a good tilth.
Seed Rate:
60 kg/ha or 10 kg/bigha. In riverine tracts, recommended seed rate is 4-6 kg/bigha
Relay Cropping of Pea:
Pea seeds at 25-50% higher seed rate are to be broadcast in the standing crop of rice
about 15-20 days before harvest provided the soil is in moist condition.
In rice + pea relay cropping, seeding of pea at 20 days after 50% flowering of rice with
a seeding rate of 90 kg/ha is recommended in medium sali land for Hills zone. Pea seeds are to
be soaked overnight before sowing.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Seed Treatment:
Seed treatment with carboxin @ 2 g/kg of seed is recommended.
Spacing:
The seeds are to be sown in lines at a spacing of 30 cm between rows and 10 cm between
plants.
Fertility Management:
Compost or FYM @ 4-5 t/ha or 6 q/bigha should be applied.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

A. Without Rhizobium culture

N 20 Urea 45 6

P2O5 46 SSP 287 38

K2O 15 MOP 25 3

B. With Rhizobium culture

N 10 Urea 22 3

P2O5 46 SSP 287 38

K2O 15 MOP 25 3

Apply all the fertilizers i.e. urea, SSP and MOP as basal followed by foliar spray of
0.5% N-P2O5-K2O (19-19-19) at pre-flowering and pod initiation stages
In North Bank Plains Zones, 10 kg Borax/ha is also recommended.
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 100 kg/ha or 13 kg/bigha should be applied in lieu
of urea and SSP in non-inoculated crop. N-P2O5-K2O may also be supplied in the form of mixed
fertilizers.
Nutrient Management in Relay Cropping of Pea:
Seeds should be inoculated with Rhizobium - PSB consortium @ 50 g /kg + sodium
molybdate @ 0.5 g/kg seed, and spray 0.5% N-P2O5-K2O (19-19-19) at branching and 15 days
after first spray.
Application of lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Weed Control:
Fluchloralin 45 EC @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence spray one day before sowing be
incorporated in the soil with light hoeing.
Suitable Rhizobium Culture: PAU and IARI or any other suitable strains can be used.
Irrigation: If required and available, one irrigation should be given at 40-50 days of sowing.
Plant Protection:
A). Insect Pests
To control cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) in field pea, apply rice stubbles @ 3.5 t/ha (2 cm
thick) as mulch just after sowing.
Spray chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/l at reproductive stage for effective
management of pod borers (Etiella zinckenella and Helicoverpa armigera) in field pea.
B). Disease:

Disease Fungicide Dose/ha Conc. Mode of application

(%)
Wilt Carboxin 2 g/kg of seeds - Seed treatment
Rust Tebuconazole or 2 g/l 0.2 10 days interval starting from
Propiconazole the appearance of disease
Powdery Wettable sulphur 2.5 to 3.5 kg in 500- 0.5 -do-
mildew 700 ml in 500-700
liter of water
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when 75-80% of the pods turn yellow.
Protection against storage pests:
Properly dried seeds of pea should be mixed thoroughly with black pepper seed powder
@ 3g/kg of seed for protection against bruchid infestation during storage. Treated seeds should
be kept in poly bags with outer covering of gunny bags.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Soybean
(Glycine max)

Soybean is an important pulse as well as oilseed crop of the State. Short duration
soybean varieties like JS-2, Moti and Pusa Soybean l can be easily fitted in between two rice
crops sali and ahu, i.e. the period from January to April or first week of May in a medium land
situation after harvesting of HYV rice.
Varieties:

Varieties Duration Plant Grain yield (q/ha) Percentage

(days) type
Irrigated Rainfed Oil Protein

JS-2 85-90 Erect 20-22 - 20 42

Moti 85-100 -do- -do- 11-12 20 42

Pusa Soybean-1 90-100 -do- -do- - 22 43

Soil:
Soybean can be grown on a wide range of soils but it grows best on fertile and well
drained loamy soils. Water logging is injurious to the crop. In acid soils where pH is below 6.0,
lime is to be added @ 2 t/ha at least 21 days before sowing. Liming is necessary once in three
years.
Time of Sowing:
Under irrigated condition sowing is to be done in January. When the crop is grown
under rainfed condition, the optimum time of sowing is middle of January to middle of
February.
Land Selection:
Medium type of land is suitable for rainfed condition, where there is sufficient moisture
during January and February.
Field Preparation: Well prepared seedbed with good tilth is essential for soybean.
Fertility Management:
Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement
(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
N 20(10) Urea 45(22) 6.5(3)
P2O5 60 SSP 53.5 50

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

K2O 40 MOP 66.6 9.0

N.B.: The figures in parentheses indicate the requirement of N where rhizobium culture
inoculated seeds are sown.
The whole quantity of fertilizers are to be applied in furrow at a depth of 5-7 cm below
the seeds before sowing and covered with a layer of 3-4 cm soils and make it leveled with the
field. In case placement is not possible, the fertilizers should be evenly broadcast and
incorporated in the soil.
Foliar Spray of MOP:
MOP can be sprayed at the flower bud initiation stage in between 30 and 35 days after
sowing with hand sprayer for proper grain filling in pods.
Preparation of MOP solution for spraying with hand sprayer is as follows.

Quantity of MOP Quantity of Strength of MOP No. of sprays

(kg/ha) water (l/ha) solution (%)
12.00 400 3 1
Application of lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporated in the soil where multiple cropping is practiced.
Seed Treatment:
Seeds are to be treated with Phytohormone + enzyme complex to enhance germination
during winter. For this purpose, seeds are sprayed with small hand sprayer @ l ml of the
chemical in 100 ml of water for 10 kg seed one day ahead of sowing.
Seed Inoculation:
Seeds are to be moistened with clean water carefully so as to avoid excessive wetting.
Rhizobium culture is to be mixed with seeds @ 50 g/kg so that a thin coat of inoculum is
deposited on the seed coat. Treated seeds are to be dried under shade. Inoculated seeds should
not be exposed to the sum.
Seed Rate:
A seed rate of 75 kg/ha or 10 kg/bigha is required to obtain about 5 lakhs plants/ha
(66,666 plants/bigha).
Method of Sowing:
Seeds are to be sown in lines 25 cm apart and 5 cm between seeds at a depth of 2-5 cm.
If the soil is dry, a pre-sowing irrigation of 2-5 cm depth is needed for proper germination at
least 2 days ahead of sowing. The rows are to be covered with a thin layer of paddy straw for
better conservation of soil moisture.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Interculture operation:
Weed control:
Two manual weedings, one at 15 days and another at 35 days are necessary to control
weeds. Alight earthing up may be given at the time of the second weeding to keep the plants
erect.
Chemical weed control:
Pre-emergence application of fluchloralin @ 1.0-1.5 kg/ha immediately after sowing
controls weeds effectively. The grain yield is comparable to that of two hand weedings.
Irrigation:
Two irrigations one at flowering and the other at pod formation stage are needed for
proper growth and pod filling.
Moisture Conservation:
Under rainfed culture, soil moisture can be conserved by application of straw mulch over the
rows after sowing. In such a case, only one weeding is needed at 30-35 days after sowing.
Plant Protection:
Seeds are to be treated with carboxin @ 2 g/kg of seeds. Flubendiamide 39.3SC @ 72g
a.i./ha or flubendiamide 20WG @ 50g a.i./ha can be used against defoliator pest of soybean.
Seed treatment with thiophanate methyl + pyroclostrobin (Combo) 500 FS @ 2ml/kg
seed and thiomethoxam 600 FS @ 2ml/kg seed for management of root rot complex, pod blight
disease and insect pests of soybean.
Threshing:
Paddy Thresher is the best for threshing, especially for seed purpose. Threshing by
power tiller is suitable for consumption purpose.

Storage for Seed Purpose:

Seed are to be dried for 5-6 days under bright sun, packed in cloth bags and kept in 250-
gauge polythene bags under airtight condition. Seeds thus stored contain about 10% moisture.
Drenching:
The trypsin inhibitor present in the soybean has to be removed before any kind of use.
This can be done by boiling the seeds for 20 minutes in 0.5% solution of sodium bicarbonate
@ 21g/kg of seeds and then washing 2 to 3 times with plain water.
Utilization:
Besides preparation of various foods, the crushed grains can be used as feed for cattle,
poultry and fish.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Soybean milk:
1. Seeds are to be soaked in water for 12 hours, changing water at least three times.
Sometimes seeds are required to be soaked for 24 hours.
2. The seed coats are to be removed by hand rubbing.
3. A paste has to be made by crushing the peeled seeds.
Water is to be added at the ratio of 1: 3 and boiled while stirring with a ladle. The milk
should not be over boiled; otherwise, its nutritive value may be lost. Addition of a few drops
of ginger juice/bay leaf will remove the beany odours. Soybean milk is useful for maintaining
intestinal disorder. It prevents summer diarrhoea. It is easily digestible and can be used as diet
for old debilitated and convalescents.
Soybean can also be used for preparation of chapatti, kachuri, malpowa, bhujia, ladu,
chutni, cake etc.
Soybean curd:
To prepare soya curd, soya milk is to be poured in an appropriate container while it is
moderately hot.
Green beans:
Green soybeans are widely used as much in the same way the pea is used. When the
bean reaches its full size but yet green and tender, it is collected from the plant. It is usually
boiled and taken as green vegetables. The green bean is also used in salads. In order to secure
the best flavours, the bean should be cooked when they remain affixed in the pods. In such
cases, they are to be soaked in boiling water for a few minutes when it becomes easy to shell
them.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rajmah or French bean (Pulse type)

(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Variety:
Uday (PDR-14): A promising variety selected by Directorate of Pulses Research,
Kanpur. Plant type is erect, branched, determinate type, 35-50cm in height. It matures
in 10-120 days. Grain yield is 15-20 q/ha. Pods are 10-12 cm long, 3-4 seeds per pod,
15-20 pods per plant.
New varieties recommended:

Varieties Year of Sowing Duration Grain Agroclimatic Remarks

notificatio time (days) yield (t/ha) zones
n

HUR-301 - Mid Oct. 95-105 2.00 All zones Resistant to wilt,

to mid leaf crinkle &
Nov. BCMV

HUR- 203 - -do- 95-105 2.00 -do- Resistant to major

insect pests

ARUN 2007 -do- 95-100 2.00 CBVZ, -do-

LBVZ,
NBPZ, BVZ

Soil type: Sandy loam

Time of Sowing:
October 15 to November 30. (Best time Nov. 20-30 when temperature reaches 27.7°C)
Field Preparation:
Land should be prepared thoroughly to a fine tilth. Avoid sowing in highly moist soil.
Seed rate: 75 kg/ha or 10 kg /bigha
Seed Treatment: Seeds should be treated with carboxin @ 2 g/kg of seed before sowing.
Spacing: 30 cm x 10 cm

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Manures and Fertilizers: FYM/compost @ 10 t/ha or 13 q/bigha should be applied.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
N 60 Urea 132 18
P2O5 45 SSP 281 38
K2O 40 MOP 68 9
Half of N and full doses of FYM, P2O5 and K2O should be applied as basal dressing and
the remaining half of N to be top dressed 30 days after sowing. Apply 2% urea spray 3 times
at 45, 60 and 70 DAS.
Since no nodulation takes place, the variety “Uday” responds to high nitrogen fertilizer
(up to 120 kg/ha). For better yield of rajmah, a higher fertilizer dose of 60-80-40 kg N-P2O5-
K2O /ha for North Bank Plains Zone is recommended.
Inoculate seeds with PSB @ 50 g/kg seed.
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporated in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.
Interculture:
First weeding should be done at 20-25 days after emergence, and subsequent weeding
as and when necessary. Earthing up should follow immediately after weeding.
Irrigation:
Two irrigations one at flowering (40 days after sowing) and other at early pod formation
stage (65-70 days after sowing) are needed for proper growth and pod filling. Water logging
should be avoided.
Plant Protection:
● For controlling aphids and jassids apply Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 220g/ha.
● To escape leaf crinkle disease, sow Rajmah seed from 20-30th November.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when 75-80% of the pods turn brownish in colour. Delayed
harvesting leads to pod shattering.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Grass pea (Khesari)

(Lathyrus sativus L.)
Variety:

Variety Year of Duration Seed Agroclimatic Special features

notifica (days) yield zone
tion (q./ha)
Ratan 1997 110-120 10-12 All zones (except Negligible ODAP content
(BioL Hills Zone & Barak (<0.1%), suitable for
212) Valley Zone) utera cultivation

Newly recommended varieties

Prateek 2006 115-120 10 CBVZ, LBVZ, Low ODAP (0.109%) and
NBPZ tolerant to wilt and
powdery mildew, aphid,
pod borer & bruchid
Mahateora 2008 115-120 10 CBVZ, LBVZ, Low ODAP (0.074%) and
NBPZ tolerant to wilt and
powdery mildew, aphid,
pod borer & bruchid
Soil type: Sandy loam and clay loam soils are suitable.
Sowing time: Mid-October to mid-November
Land preparation: The field is to be ploughed 3-4 times to obtain a good tilth.
Seed rate: 40 kg/ha or 5.3 kg/bigha for sole crop
Spacing: A spacing of 30cm between rows and 10cm between plants should be maintained.
Fertilizer: Compost @ 1 t/ha (1.33 q/bigha) should be applied.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
A. Without Rhizobium culture
N 15 Urea 33 4.5
P2O5 35 SSP 220 30
K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3
B. With Rhizobium culture
N 10 Urea 22 3

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

P2O5 35 SSP 220 30

K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 75 kg/ha or 10 kg/bigha is to be applied in lieu of
urea and SSP in non-inoculated crops. N-P2O5-K2O may also be applied in the form of mixed
fertilizer. ZnSO4.7H2O @ 0.5% should be sprayed at pre-flowering and pod initiation stages of
the crop.(Relay crop)
Seed inoculation:
Seeds may be inoculated with suitable Rhizobium culture @ 50 g/kg of seed.
Inoculation method is same as in the case of lentil.
Interculture:
Hoeing in inter-row spaces and weeding at 20-25 days after sowing.
Relay cropping of grass pea (Khesari) with winter rice:
Land situation: Medium land
Sowing time: 15-20 days before the harvest of winter rice, when the soil is in moist
condition
Method of sowing: Broadcast
Seed rate: 50-60 kg/ha or 6.7-8 kg/bigha
Seed priming: Soaking of seeds in water for 6 hrs.
Fertilizers:
Without rhizobium and PSP inoculation:
- Application of 7.5 kg N and 17.5 kg P2O5/ha at the time of sowing before rice harvest
- Application of second dose @ 7.5 - 17.5 - 15 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ ha at the time of rice
harvest.[The fertilizers are to be incubated for 48 hours with compost/ moist soil in 1
: 10 ratio before applying]
- Apply two foliar sprays of 2% urea at branching and pod initiation stages
With Rhizobium and PSB inoculation (50 g/kg seed each):
- Apply 5.0 kg N and 13.0 kg P2O5/ha at the time of sowing before rice harvest
- Apply second dose @ 5 - 13 - 15 kg N, P2O5, K2O/ ha at the time of rice harvest. [The
fertilizers are to be incubated for 48 hours with compost/ moist soil in 1 : 10 ratio
before applying]
- Apply two foliar sprays of 2% urea at branching and pod initiation stages

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Plant protection:
A. Diseases

Disease Fungicide Dose (g/kg of seed) Mode of application

Wilt Carboxin 2.0 Seed treatment

B. Protection against storage pests:

Properly dried seeds of pea should be mixed thoroughly with black pepper seed powder
@ 3g/kg of seed for protection against bruchid infestation during storage. Treated seeds should
be kept in polybags with outer covering of gunny bags.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when 75-80% of the pods turn yellow or brown.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Chickpea
(Cicer arietinum)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of Maturity Potential Pest reaction Special features

notificat Duration yield
ion (days) (q/ha)
GNG 2207 2018 120-125 14-17 Resistant to Small seeded desi type,
collar rot suitable for normal and rice
fallow conditions

JG 14 2008 120-125 14-16 Resistant to Medium seed size desi

collar rot type, suitable for rice-
fallow situation

JG 16 2000 120-125 14-16 Resistant to Medium seed size desi

collar rot type, suitable for rice-
fallow situation

Pant G 186 1996 130-135 12-15 Resistant to Small seeded desi type
wilt
KPG 59 1992 125-130 12-15 Tolerant to Draught tolerant desi type
Fusarium wilt

BG 256 1985 125-130 12-15 Tolerant Bold seeded desi type

Fusarium wilt

Soil type: Chickpea can be grown on a wide range of soils, but well drained loamy soils are
preferable. In acid soils (pH <6.0) liming is necessary @ 2 q/ha 20-30 days before sowing.
Time of sowing: The optimum time of sowing is mid-October to end of November.
Field preparation: Chickpea is generally grown on conserved soil moisture. Field is to be
ploughed 2-3 times followed by laddering.
Seed rate: A seed rate of 45-50 kg/ha or 6.5-7.0 kg/bigha is required for a good chickpea crop.
Seed treatment: Seed treatment with azoxystrobin 23 SC @ 1 ml/l is advocated.
Seed inoculation: With Rhizobium culture and PSB @ 50g each per kg of seed.
Spacing:
The seeds are to be sown in lines at a spacing of 40 cm between rows and 10 cm between
plants.
Relay cropping of chickpea:
Seeds are to be broadcasted in standing crop of Sali rice at 15-20 days after 50%
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

flowering in soil with sufficient moisture.

Cropping sequence (Conservation agriculture)
Chickpea should be grown in rice-fallows under rain-fed condition with two harrowing
followed by one planking and application of rice straw mulch @ 2.0 t/ha after sowing.
Fertility management: Compost or FYM @ 1-2 t/ha (1.5 -2.5 q/bigha) should be applied

Nutrient Kg/ha Name of Fertilizer requirement

requirement fertilizer
Kg/ha Kg/bigha

A. Without Rhizobium culture

N 20 Urea 45 6

P2O5 40 SSP 250 34

K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3

B. With Rhizobium culture

N 15 Urea 33 4.5

P2O5 40 SSP 250 34

K2O 15 MOP 25 3.3

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 100kg/ha or 13 kg/bigha should be applied in lieu

of urea and SSP in non-inoculated crop. Under rainfed conditions, chickpea productivity can
be increased by foliar application of 2% urea at the time of flower initiation and pod formation.
Interculture: First weeding at 30-35 days after sowing and second if needed, at 60-70 days
after sowing.
Irrigation: If necessary, first irrigation should be given at pre-flowering stage (45-60 days
after sowing) and the second at pod filling stage.
Plant protection:
A. Insect pests:
1. Cut worm (Agrotis ipsilon): An important pest of chickpea which infests the crop at
seedling stage.
Management practices:
a) At sowing: Thaimethoxam 25 WG (alternative of malathion 5% dust) @ 0.3 g/l of water
should be spayed as soil treatment.
b) After sowing: When cut worm infestation is noticed (ETL 5% damaged plants) following
measures should be taken immediately.
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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

i) Night spraying with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/l of water or lamda-

cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 2.5 ml/l of water (alternative of chlorpyriphos 20 EC or
quinalphos 25 EC)
ii) Mulching with rice straw @ 3.5 t/ha just after sowing
2. Gram pod borer (Helicoverpaarmigera): Most serious insect pest of chickpea. It appears
at vegetative stage. Infestations gear up from flower initiation stage.
Management practices:
a) At sowing:
i) Spacing between rows should kept at 40 cm
ii) Intercropping (6:1) or border cropping with linseed.
b) After sowing:
i) Erection of bird’s perches (90 cm height) @ 40 nos./ha.
ii) Spraying of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/l of water or lamda-cyhalothrin 5
EC @ 2.5 ml/l of water (alternative of chlorpyriphos 20 EC) when the pest crosses ETL
i.e., 1 larva/m row length.
B. Diseases:
[Link] (Fusarium oxysporum f sp. Ciceri):
a) Treatment of seeds with azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin @ 1 g/kg of seeds or with
Trichoderma viride (4 g) + Vitavax 1 g/kg seeds before sowing.
b) At appearance in the field, drench the soil with 0.1% azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin
at localized patches.
c) Intercropping of linseed with chickpea in the ratio of 2 rows of chickpea with 1
row of linseed.
2. Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola):
a) Treat the seeds with azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin @ 1 g/kg of seeds before
sowing.
b) In field, drench the soil as in the case of wilt with 0.1% azoxystrobin or
trifloxystrobin.
3. Collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii):
a) In infected field, apply 0.1% azoxystrobin or trifloxystrobin by pointing the nozzle
of the sprayer at the collar region.
b) Treat the chickpea seeds with Trichoderma harzianum (10 g/kg) + Propineb (1.5
g/kg) for the management of collar rot disease

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Harvesting:
Harvesting is to be done when pods mature, indicating full yellowish colour. The
moisture content of the grains should be about 12-14 per cent at the time of harvesting.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Rapeseed – Mustard
(Brassica campestris & Brassica juncea)
Varieties:

Varieties Year of #Agroclimatic Duration Yield Oil Remarks

notifica zone (days) (q/ha) content
tion (%)
Rapeseed: (Toria)
TS-36 - All zones 90-95 10-12 41-43 MR to Alternaria leaf &
pod blight
AAU TS-38 2021 All zones 90-95 10-12 41-44 MR to Alternaria leaf &
pod blight
M-27 1978 All zones 90-95 10-12 44.6 -
JT 90-1 2020 All zones 89 6.97 43.0 Suitable for late sowing.
(Jeuti) except Hills MS to Alternaria leaf &
Zone & BVZ pod blight; MS to aphids
and sawfly
TS 46 - All zones 94 9.06 42.0 MR to Alternaria blight
except Hills
Zone & BVZ
TS 67 - All zones 90 7.01 42.0 Suitable for late sowing
except Hills
Zone & BVZ
Mustard:
TM-2 1993 All zones 105-115 12-16 36-40 S to Alternaria blight
except NBPZ &
BVZ
PM 26 2011 All zones 107 12-14 30-41 Moderately tolerant to
except BVZ & White rust, Alternaria
Hills Zone blight, downy mildew,
powdery mildew &
Sclerotinia stem rot.
Suitable for late sown
irrigated condition
PM 27 2011 All zones 107 13.44 40-45 Suitable for early sown
except BVZ & irrigated condition & for
Hills Zone multiple cropping

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

NRCHB-101 2009 LBVZ, CBVZ, 108 13-15 34.6- Moderately resistant to

(Notified) NBPZ, UBVZ, 42.1 Alternaria blight and
HZ tolerant to aphids

Soil Type:
Rapeseed – mustard generally do well in sandy soils. However, other light soils are also
equally good.
Field Preparation:
A fine seedbed is essential for rapeseed – mustard. The field should be ploughed 4-6
times followed by laddering in order to obtain a fine tilth.
Fertilizer Management:
Application of FYM or compost @ 2-3 t/ha is beneficial for the crop.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
For Rapeseed
(a) Plains:
Rainfed condition
N 40 Urea 87 12
P2O5 35 SSP 220 30
K2O 15 MOP 25 3
Irrigated condition
N 60 Urea 130 18
P2O5 40 SSP 250 33
K2O 40 MOP 66 9
(b) Hills
Rainfed condition
N 65 Urea 140 20
P2O5 35 SSP 220 30
K2O 0 MOP 0 0

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone

Rainfed condition
N 60 Urea 130 18
P2O5 30 SSP 190 27
K2O 30 MOP 50 6
Mustard (for All zones)
N 80 Urea 174 23
P2O5 40 SSP 250 33
K2O 30 MOP 50 7
B - Borax 7.5 1
Apply 75% N and P when seeds are inoculated with Azotobacter @ 40 g/kg seed and
PSB @ 40 g/kg seed.
If SSP is not used as source of P, sulphur @ 20 kg/ha in the form of gypsum (133 kg/ha)
should be used.
N-P2O5-K2O may be supplied in the form of mixed fertilizers. Nutrient requirements
are to be adjusted according to contents in fertilizers. Rapeseed-mustard have been found to
respond well to the application of borax in some agroclimatic zones of Assam. For higher yield
of rapeseed and mustard in the North Bank Plains Zone, a fertilizer dose of 60-40-40 kg N-
P2O5-K2O/ha is recommended. However, the earlier doses of 40-35-15 and 40-20-20 kg N-
P2O5-K2O /ha have also been recommended for those farmers who cannot afford a higher dose.
Apply Boron as basal @ 1.5 kg/ha (15 kg borax/ha or 2 kg borax/bigha) with recommended
dose of N-P2O5-K2O for all zones of Assam. The crop booster ‘Green Harvest’ is recommended
@ 25 g/10 liters of water at 30 days after planting.
FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS AS PER FERTILIZER PRESCRIPTION
EQUATIONS (FPE)
Fertilizer prescription equations can be used to find out the amount of NPK fertilizers
required to obtain a certain yield target of the crop based on soil test values for NPK. The FPEs
can be used under cultivation practices where only chemical fertilizers are used and where
chemical fertilizers + FYM/Vermicompost/Enriched compost etc. are applied. The FPEs are
valid for different varieties of the same crop having not more than 15% variations in yield. The
amount of NPK fertilizers will vary according to yield target and soil test values. Yield target
must not cross the potential yield of a particular crop.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

FERTILIZER PRESCRIPTION EQUATIONS (FPE) FOR RAPESEED

A. For Normal Sowing:
Fertilizer Prescription Equations without IPNS (Fertilizer alone)
FN = 10.37* T - 0.39* STVN
FP = 1.86* T – 1.07* STVP
FK = 4.47* T – 0.74* STVK
Fertilizer Prescription Equations with IPNS (Fertilizer + FYM)
FN = 10.37* T - 0.39* STVN - 0.58*M
FP = 1.86* T – 1.07* STVP - 0.10*M
FK = 4.47* T – 0.74* STVK- 0.21*M
where, FN,FP,FK-Fertilizer N,P2O5, K2O; STVN, STVP, STVK-Soil test values for N,
P2O5, K2O, T-Targeted yield, M-IPNS component
B. For Late Sowing
Fertilizer Prescription Equations without IPNS (Fertilizer alone)
FN = 8.71* T - 0.27* STVN
FP = 5.90* T – 3.13* STVN
FK = 9.42* T – 0.78* STVN
Fertilizer Prescription Equations with IPNS (Fertilizer + FYM)
FN = 8.71* T - 0.27* STVN - 0.22*M
FP = 5.90* T – 3.13* STVN - 0.08*M
FK = 9.42* T – 0.78* STVN- 0.18*M
where, FN,FP,FK-Fertilizer N,P2O5, K2O; STVN, STVP, STVK-Soil test values for N,
P2O5, K2O, T-Targeted yield, M-IPNS component
Integrated sulphur management in Rapeseed (toria)-summer black gram sequence
Apply sulphur @15 kg/ha as gypsum (100 kg /ha or 13 kg/bigha) to rapeseed only plus
25% recommended dose of N-P2O5-K2O in form of urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and
muriate of potash (MOP) + biofertilizer (azotobacter and PSB for rapeseed and rhizobium and
PSB for black gram @ 50 gm each /kg seed) +2ton FYM/ha (3q FYM/bigha) to each crop in
rapeseed-black gram sequence (Zones: All Zones).
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.
Seed Treatment:
Seed treatment with metalaxyl 35WS @ 6 g/kg of seed is recommended for eliminating
downy mildew and White rust.

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Seed Rate:
Seed rate of 10 kg/ha (1.3 kg/bigha) for toria has been found to be optimum.
For TM 2, TM 4 and Varuna, seed rate will be 8 kg/ha and plant population should be
maintained at 3 to 3.5 lakh/ha. Aseed proportion of 75:25 of toria + lentil mixed is
recommended for Hills Zone only. As pure crop, a seed rate of 6-8 kg/ha is recommended for
Hills Zone. After sowing, the land is lightly laddered.
Seed rate of rain fed late sown toria after sali paddy (rice-toria sequence) should be 13
kg/ha, i.e. 33% higher than normal recommended rate of 10kg/ha.
Time of Sowing:
The optimum time of sowing is middle of October to middle of November. Early
sowing helps in escaping the attack of aphids.
In Barak Valley Zone, rapeseed and mustard can be sown as late as November 30 in
upland condition and up to the third week of November in medium upland condition. However,
the seed rate of rainfed late sown toria grown as succeeding crop in rice (Sali)- Toria sequence
should be 33% higher than normal recommended rate, i.e. 13.0kg/ha.
Irrigation:
One Irrigation of 6 cm depth of water may be applied either at 50% flowering or at
early siliqua formation stage. In case a rainfall of 20-25 mm is received during this period, no
post sowing irrigation is essential. Pre-sowing irrigation is normally not required for timely
sown crop. However, in dry areas one pre-sowing irrigation may be applied.
As moisture conservation tillage practice for rapeseed after sali rice, one cross
ploughing by power tiller incorporating rice stubbles is recommended. The situation for this
practice should be medium land with medium textured soil, field capacity 23-25%, soil
moisture at the time of land preparation around 22.5%, and time of sowing 4th week of
November to 1st week of December.
Irrigation management and crop geometry in rapeseed:
Apply two irrigations of 4 cm depth at pre-flowering (20 DAS) and flowering (40 DAS)
stages. Spacing: 25 cm x 25 cm
Foliar spray of urea :
Two foliar applications of 1% urea at flowering and pod filling stages along with basal
application of recommended fertilizer dose, i.e. 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 30 kg K2O/ha.
Interculture:
Normally no weeding is required. Whenever necessary, one weeding at 15- 20 days
after sowing is sufficient to keep the field weed free.
A). Insect pests: Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 12.5g a.i./ha or 0.2g/l can be applied against
aphids.

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B). Diseases:
i) Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae):
Organic management of Alternaria blight of Rapeseed: Seed treatment with
Biogreen (AAU product) @ 5% + Soil treatment with Biogreen @ 2.5 kg/ha (incubate1
part of Biogreen with 50 parts of FYM for 7 days) + Foliar Spray with Biogreen @ 5%
at 45 DAS.
Spray tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% (ready mix) WG @ 1 g/l or
azoxystrobin 23 SC @ 1 ml/l at appearance of Alternaria blight disease, followed 2
sprays at 20-25 days interval.
ii). Wet rot or white blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum):
For control of this disease the infected plants are to be collected along with the sclerotia
and should be burnt. The following spray schedule should also be adopted:

Fungicide Concentration Quantity Volume of water

(kg/ha) (l/ha)

Hexaconazole 5 EC 0.2 % 1.2 - 1.4 l/ha 600 - 700

C). Weed management: In Orobanche endemic areas continuous cropping of toria-mustard

should be avoided. Crop rotation with cereals and legumes may be followed to reduce attack
of the parasite.
Bee pollination:
For enhancing yield through increased pollination, 5 honey bee colonies/ ha is
recommended in rapeseed-mustard.
Harvesting:
The crop is ready for harvest when 75-80% siliquae turn yellow. The crop is harvested
by pulling out whole plants or cutting by sickle.

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Yellow sarson
(Brassica campestris L. Var. yellow sarson)

Variety: Benoy (Duration: 95-100 days)

Sowing time: mid-October - end of November
Seed rate: 8 kg/ha (line sowing) and 10 kg/ha (broadcasting)
Spacing: 25 cm x 10 cm (line sowing)
Fertilizer dose:
- [Link] kg/ha N:P2O5:K2O (for rainfed)
- [Link] kg/ha N:P2O5:K2O (for irrigated)
Time of fertilizer application: half of N and full quantity of P2O5 and K2O should be applied
as basal and rest half at 30 DAS (after thinning and intercultural operation).
Irrigation:
Two irrigations of 4 cm at flowering (40 DAS) and at pod formation stage (60 DAS)

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Linseed
(Linum usitatissimum)
Variety:

Variety Year of Duration Yield Oil [Link] Situation/

notificatio (days) (kg/ha) content Condition
n (%)
T-397 1984 125-130 500-600 44 LBVZ,CBVZ Rainfed/Utera
& NBPZ
Shekhar 2001 130-135 500-600 43 do Utera
Padmini 1999 125-130 600-700 42 do Utera
RLC-153 2019 125-130 700 44 do Utera
Soil Type: Loamy soils are preferred.
Field Preparation:
The field is to be ploughed 3-4 times, followed by 1-2 laddering to obtain a fine tilth.
Fertility Management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
N 40 Urea 88 12
P2O5 20 SSP 125 18
K2O 10 MOP 16 2
N-P2O5-K2O may also be supplied in the form of mixed fertilizers.
Application of Lime:
CaCO3 in the form of dolomitic lime @ 65.5 kg/bigha should be applied 15 days before
seeding and incorporate in the soil in areas where multiple cropping is practiced.
Time of sowing:
Optimum time of sowing is from middle of October to middle of November. In Barak
Valley Zone sowing can be done in December after harvest of sali paddy.
Seed Rate: 15-20 kg/ha
Spacing:
A spacing of 25 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants should be maintained.

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Weeding:
One weeding at 20-25 days after sowing is needed.
Plant Protection:
i). Wilt: For control of wilt disease:
● Seeds should be treated with carboxin @ 2 g/kg of seed before sowing.
● Suitable crop rotation should be followed in the affected fields.
Harvesting:
The crop is ready for harvest when plants become dry and the leaves fall off completely.

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Niger (Gujitil)
(Guizotia abyssinica)
Varieties: Local (NG-1)
GA-5 and KEC-3 (for Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone).
Duration: 100-110 days
Soil Type: Silt loam to sandy loam
Land Preparation:
Land should be prepared thoroughly by giving 3-4 ploughings followed by laddering
to obtain a fine tilth.
Time of Sowing:
October (September to middle of October for Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone).
Seed Rate:
● For line sowing: 8 kg/ha (1.1 kg/bigha)
● For broadcasting: 12 kg/ha (1.5 kg/bigha)
Spacing: 25 cm between rows and 5-7 cm between plants
Method of sowing:
Furrows of 5 cm depth are to be prepared at 25 cm apart. Seeds are to be placed in
furrows preferably at 3-5 cm depth. Then laddering should be done along the furrows to cover
the seeds with a soil layer of about 3-5 cm. This ensures compacting of soil resulting in quick
and uniform germination.
Fertility Management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 20 Urea 44 6

P2O5 10 SSP 63 9

K2O 10 MOP 17 2

Plant protection:
As no serious pests and diseases have been observed, plant protection measures are not
required.
Bee pollination:
For enhancing yield through increased pollination, 5 honeybee colonies/ ha area of

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Niger is recommended.
Harvesting:
Harvesting should be done when leaves die out and turn blackish in colour. At maturity,
the grains also turn black.
Average Yield: 5 q/ha

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Groundnut (Rabi/Summer)
(Arachis hypogaea)
Variety: JL-24
Soil Type:
Well drained, light textured, loose, friable, sandy loam soil with medium organic matter
content is suitable. The desirable pH range is 5.5 to 7.5.
Land Preparation:
The soil should be prepared thoroughly to get a fine tilth which helps in obtaining good
germination.
To get rid of water logging, broad bed and furrow system should be adopted. In this
system, raised bed of 15 cm height and 1.2 m width should be prepared.
Time of Sowing:
Rabi groundnut:
Mid-September to Mid-October (if sowing time is delayed, crop duration will be
increased)
Summer groundnut: Mid-January to February.
Seed Selection and Treatment:
Bold and well filled pods should be selected and shelled just before sowing since the
viability in the stored kernels deteriorates fast. The small shriveled, damaged and broken
kernels should be treated before sowing with carboxin @ 2 g/kg kernels.
Seed rate: For bunch type 120 kg/ha
Method of Sowing: Seed should be sown in line at 5-6 cm depth of soil.
Spacing:
Row to row: 30 cm Plant to plant: 10 cm
Manures and Fertilizers: Compost of FYM @ 10 t/ha should be applied. The following
amounts of fertilizer should be applied basal.

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha
N 20 Urea 44 6
P2O5 40 SSP 250 33
K2O 30 MOP 50 7

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Interculture:
Weeds should be controlled manually 30-35 days (flower initiation stage) after sowing.
Water Management:
Groundnut crop requires on an average 400-500 mm of water. The critical stages are
flowering, pegging and pod development. If the crop does not receive rain during the critical
stages, lifesaving irrigation is to be given.
Plant Protection:
A). Disease:
The most common diseases occurring on groundnut are: Cercospora (Tikka) leaf spots,
rust, collar rot, dry root rot, stem rot and bud necrosis. These diseases can be effectively
controlled by adopting the following control measures:
● Tikka and rust: Hexaconazole 5EC @ 0.2% should be given as soon as the initial
symptoms are detected followed by a second spray after 15-20 days.
● Collar rot, stem rot and dry root rot: The seeds should be treated with carboxin @
2g/kg of kernels.
● Bud necrosis: Since this is caused by a virus, no control measure is available. To
minimize infestation, thrips (the vector transmitting the disease) should be controlled.
Cultural methods like early planting, closer spacing and intercropping with tall crop
which act as a barrier for the migration of vector, will reduce the disease.
B). Insect Pests:
Insect pests which cause economic losses are jassids, thrips, leaf miner, aphids etc.
These insect pests can be controlled by application of lambda-cyhalothrin 5EC @ 10g a.i./ha
or 150-250 ml/ha.
Harvesting:
The prominent symptoms of maturity are yellowing of foliage and dropping of old
leaves. The pod is mature when it becomes hard and there is dark tannin discolouration inside
the shell. The seed becomes unwrinkled and the testa develops colour. A common method used
to predict optimum time for harvesting is to dig plants when 75% of the pods are fully mature.
Generally, rabi groundnut (bunch varieties) matures at 125-130 days, while summer groundnut
(bunch varieties) matures at the age of 115-120 days.
Drying and Storage:
Rabi/summer groundnut loses viability if dried in the open sun. The pods could safely be
preserved for the next year as follows:
1. If the crop is irrigated, delay harvest (at least one week) after giving the last irrigation
to lower the pod moisture level.
2. After uprooting the plants tie them up with pods intact into small bundles and keep the

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bundles in a small layer with pods upward under shade.

3. When the bundles are dried, the pods may be detached from the plants and spread in a
thin layer under shade for further lowering the pod moisture level to 7-8%.
4. The drying of the pod can be judged from the following tests.
(a) The pods should give a rattling sound when shaken.
(b) When a karnel is pressed between thumb and index finger, it should easily split
into 2 cotyledons.
(c) When the surface of the kernel is rubbed hard a portion of the testa should come
off.
(d) The dried pods may be stored in airtight containers so as to prevent entry of
moisture inside the pods during the monsoon period.

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TUBER CROPS
Potato
(Solanum tuberosum)
Varieties:

Name Duration Yield (q/ha) Plant Tuber Tolerance

(days) Rainfed Irrigated characters characters to diseases

Kufri 80-100 85-100 150-160 Medium Oval, slightly Leaf roll &
Chandramukhi tall, erect curved, skin virus Y
white, eyes flat
Kufri 110-120 85-100 150-160 Tall, erect Oval, flat, skin Late blight
Jyoti white, eyes
flat, flesh dull
white
Kufri 100-120 120-150 175-200 Tall, erect White round Late blight
Megha oval tubers of resistant
medium size,
white eyes,
Flesh dull
white, good
keeping
quality & no
tuber cracking
Kufri Pukhraj 60-75 145 200-250 Medium, Easy to cook; Moderately
erect Texture-waxy resistant to
texture; Free Late blight
from after & tolerant
cooking to viruses
discolouration

Kufri Khyati 60-75 200-250 250-350 Tall (80-85 Oval, pale Moderately
cm), erect, yellow, tolerant to
medium late blight,
compact, tolerant to
vigorous viruses
Potato variety Kufri Megha can be grown late (up to Mid-December) in Upper
Brahmaputra Valley Zone.
Soil Type:
Well drained sandy loam and loam soils, rich in organic matter are suitable. A pulse
crop should preferably be included in the rotation to improve the soil condition.

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Field Preparation:
Field should be thoroughly ploughed to obtain a good tilth. It should be leveled for
uniform distribution of irrigation water or to maintain soil moisture uniformly under rainfed
situation. The furrows should be prepared at 50 cm apart.
Time of Planting:
The optimum time for planting is mid-October to mid-November. In case of Kufri
Sindhuri planting may be extended up to middle of December.
The optimum planting time for white and red eyed local potato is 15-30th October in
Assam.
Method of planting:
The sprouted tubers should be planted in furrows with sprouts facing upward. Care
should be taken to avoid sprout damage handling the tubers.
Seed Selection:
Virus free, healthy, medium sized sprouted tubers are to be selected for planting. Ideal
size is about 2.5 cm in diameter (25-40 g). Bigger sized tubers may be cut into pieces
longitudinally with 2-3 eyes in each piece.
Seed Sources:
Certified seeds of the recommended varieties are to be procured from Govt. or other
recognized agencies.
Seed Treatment:
In case of cut seeds, the pieces are to be dipped in carboxin @ 2 g/liter of water for
about 10 minutes. After treatment, the seeds are to be spread thinly and dried under shade for
48 hours, or should be covered with moist gunny bags for 2-3 days for tuberization.
Seed Rate:
The seed requirement is 22.5-25 q/ha when size of the tubers are about 2.5 cm in
diameter (about 25 g) and planted with an intra row spacing of 15 cm. Intra row spacing is
increased with bigger sized tuber.
Fertility Management:
Ten tonnes or 5 truckloads or 20 cart loads of well decomposed FYM should be applied
per hectare in the furrows before planting.

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Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

Rainfed

N 60 Urea 133 19

P2O5 50 SSP 312 45

K2O 50 MOP 83 12

Irrigated

N 60 Urea 133 19

P2O5 100 SSP 624 90

K2O 100 MOP 168 24

Entire quantity of fertilizers should be applied in furrows as basal application and be

covered with a thin layer of soils so that tubers do not come into direct contact with the
fertilizers.
The crop booster ‘Green Harvest’ is recommended @ 25 g/10 liters of water at 30 days
after planting.
Mulching:
Adoption of mulching under rained situations increases tuber yield. Water hyacinth
plant materials are applied to cover the entire field after planting of tubers under flat method.
Of course, skin of the tubers may turn green due to exposure to sunlight or shrinkage of
mulching materials on drying.
Tubers become unsuitable for consumption on greening, however, quantities may be
reduced by applying mulching materials in furrows just after planting of tubers, immediately
followed by light soil cover. Such practices also reduce rodent damage of tubers considerably.
Irrigation:
The furrow method of irrigation has to be adopted. Three irrigations should be applied,
first at 25 days (stolon formation stage), second at 60 days (tuber formation stage) and third at
80 days (tuber development stage) after emergence of sprouts. In case of application of
mulching materials in furrows, only two irrigations are to be applied at 25 and 60 days after
emergence of sprouts. At the time of application of irrigation, care should be taken not to
submerge the ridges completely.

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Weeding and Interculture:

Earthing up is to be done just before first and second irrigation. Under rainfed condition,
this should be done at stolon and tuber formation stages. One or two interculture operations
may be necessary when weed infestation is high.
Apply metribuzine @ 0.75 kg/ha (100 g/bigha) at 10% plant emergence (about 10 DAP)
to get optimum weed control.
Plant Protection:
A). Insect Pests:
In areas where infestation of red ant and other soil insects are common, application of
thiamethoxam 25WG @ 26 g a.i./ha and clothianidin 50 WDG @ 80 g a.i./ha is effective.
Application of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ha at the time of earthing up reduces red ant
and white ant infestation to a great extent.
B). Diseases:
i). Against late blight, six spraying with copper oxychloride 50WP @ 2 g commercial
formulation /liter at an interval of 12 days. Or spraying with dimethomorph 50WP @
1g commercial formulation per liter of water followed by copper oxychloride 50WP @
2g commercial formulation per liter in alternate application (3 sprays with the
dimethomorph & 3 with copper oxychloride) at an interval of 12 days give very good
control if used at the following rates with high volume sprayer.
Early stage (1st month): 600 liters of water/ha
Mid stage (2nd month): 800 liters of water/ha
Late stage (3rd month): 1000 liters of water/ha
The first spray should be given 40-45 days after planting (canopy closure stage). Use
of sticker Triton (0.5 ml/l) will be essential in the spray solution for spraying during rainy
weather.
Depending upon weather conditions, particularly in cloudy weather, copper
oxychloride should be sprayed as a prophylactic measure. If disease appears, spraying should
be done at an interval of 7 to 10 days depending upon weather conditions. While spraying, care
should be taken to ensure wetting of the lower sides of the leaves.
Under organic cultivation of potato eight sprayings of 0.2% copper oxychloride at 5
days interval starting from 40 days after planting for effective management of late blight of
potato .
Practices for On-farm storage of seed potatoes:
● The seed tubers for preservation in on-farm storages should be harvested from fully

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matured potato crop.

● Among the different tuber grades, small sized (5-15g) tubers can be kept suitably in on-
farm stores as compared to big sized tubers (>20g).
● Loading density of 75g/m2 proved beneficial than higher loading density for stored
tubers under traditional stores.
● Seed potatoes collected from the main field should be cured properly for 10-15 days in
cool place and then treat the healthy tubers with 3% boric acid for 30 min followed by
0.2% copper oxychloride for 20 min. After shade drying, the tubers should be loaded
in the bamboo rakes fitted in the store.
● Use 4cm thick layer of shade dried ‘Neem’ or Eucalyptus leaves under and over stored
tubers help in controlling potato tuber moth.
● Stored potatoes should be covered with mosquito nets in PTM endemic areas.
● Frequent inspection of the tubers in the store is essential. Remove the rotten tubers
periodically.
● Sprout breaking during August is essential in order to minimize over-shrinkage and
shriveling of tubers.

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PACKAGE OF PRACTICES FOR GROWING OF POTATO CROP

FROM TRUE POTATO SEEDS

The potato crop can be grown from True Potato Seeds (TPS). The three methods are as
follows:-
1. Transplanted crop: Seedlings are transplanted in the field after raising in the nursery.
About 70% of the total produce is marketable and the remaining quantity of small sized
tubers is used as seedling materials in subsequent seasons.
2. Tuberlet production: TPS are sown in nursery beds and 70-80% is produced as
tuberlets, which are used as planting materials.
3. Planting of Tuberlet: Mainly commercial tubers are produced on planting of tuberlets,
though tuberlets can be used as planting material during subsequent years.
Varieties:

Varieties Transplanted Tuberlet production Tuberlets as planting

crops (q/ha) From direct seeding Materials (q/ha)
(q/ha)

HPS 1/13 229 265 314

HPS 7/67 251 276 282

HPS 11/13 220 231 294

TPS C-3 257 290 308

Characteristics of the varieties:

i) Resistant to Late Blight disease
ii) Reduced pathogen transmission
iii) Higher yield potential
iv) Tuber space may be round and oval
v) Skin smooth with fleet and medium deep eyes.
1. Transplanted Crop:
Preparation of nursery bed for raising seedling:
I. Make the nursery beds of one meter breadth and of convenient length (preferably 3 m)
II. Prepare a raised nursery bed by filling 7-8 cm with soil, FYM substrate. Prepare the
substrate for the seedbed by mixing sterilized soil and well rotten and dried FYM or
compost or biogas slurry in 1:1 ratio. Apply fertilizer @ 4-5 g N, 6-8 g P2O5 and 10 g

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

K2O/ sq.m in the substrate and mix thoroughly. After 2-3 days, the bed is ready for
sowing of TPS. The soil could be sterilized by drenching the soil with 4% formalin
followed by covering with ploythene or locally available materials (like banana leaf/
straw etc.) for 72 hrs and then remove the cover.
III. Cover the top of the nursery beds with 2-3 cm thick layer of finely sieved FYM. Thus
the nursery bed is raised to about 10 cm. from the field level.
Seedling Raising:
a. Prepare the seeds for sowing in nursery during the 1st week of October (TPS germinate
well when the daily minimum temperature touches 20°C and maximum temperature is
30°C)
b. Soak the TPS in water for 24 hrs and then incubate in FYM + soil mixture (1:1) for 2-
3 days. Pre-germinated seeds are to be sown in nursery bed.
c. Lightly irrigate the nursery beds a day before TPS sowing to keep the bed in moist
conditions.
d. Sow the pre-germinated TPS in 0.5cm deep furrows drawn 10cm apart across the breath
of the bed @ 2 g seeds/sq.m and cover these with 0.5cm layer of finely sieved FYM.
Seedling raised per 10 sq. m nursery can cover 1500-1600 sq. m area. About 120g TPS
and a nursery bed area of 75 sq. m are required for raising seedlings for transplanting
in one hectare. Sprinkle water on the seedbeds 2-3 times a day for about a week after
sowing the TPS using a sprayer or a gardeners water can to keep the seedbed moist
(avoid excess water). Care should be taken so that seeds are not distributed during
irrigation and to avoid run-off waters. Subsequently sprinkle water once or twice a day.
e. Protect the nursery beds from direct bright sun light by providing thatch grass shade
during mid-day for 10-12 days after sowing. Remove the cover in the late afternoon
and put it by morning (8-10 am). However, shade should be provided to protect the
seedlings from rain, whenever necessary.
f. Nursery bed should be weed free.
g. After the germination is completed and the leaves start emerging (around 10 days) spray
on the seedlings every 4-5 days interval with 0.1% urea (prepared by dissolving 1g urea
in 1 liter of water), till these are ready (4-5 leaf stage) for transplanting. The seedlings
are ready for transplanting after 25-30 days of sowing.
Field preparation and seedling transplanting:
a. Prepare the field as per normal recommended practice.
b. Basal application (broadcasting) of N, P2O5 and K2O ([Link] 100 kg/ha) at the last
round of field preparation. Apply FYM @ 10 t/ha during field preparation.
c. Prepare the ridge at 50 cm apart in the East-West direction. Irrigate the furrows one day
before transplanting of seedlings. However, irrigation may not be applied if sufficient

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moisture (around field capacity) remains in the soil, particularly on ridges.

d. Carefully uproot the seedlings from nursery beds and carry them to the field in a basket.
Transplant one seedling per hill in north facing ridges at 10 cm. spacing. Transplanting
should be done preferably in the afternoon.
e. Irrigate the furrows after transplanting to keep the soil moisture in root zone (ridge) at
f. field capacity. While irrigating, care should be taken not to submerge the seedlings.
Irrigate the crop every third/fourth day subject to the moisture condition of the soil, till the
seedlings get established. Thereafter, frequency of irrigation can be restricted to one in 8-10
days.
g. Gap filling should be done within a week of transplanting.
h. Spray 0.2% dursban on the 4th day after transplanting to protect the seedlings from
cutworms.
i. Light manual interculture operation (using khurpi) to be performed at about 10 days to
loosen the soils in the root zone.
j. Earthing up should be done 20-25 days along with the application of 25 kg of N/ha. Care
should be taken during earthing up so that seedlings come to lie in the center of the ridges
and maximum nodes are covered with soil leaving open the top 5-6 upper leaves.
k. Second earthing up should be done at tuborization stage (45-50 days). The remaining
cultural operations to be followed are similar to standard cultivation practices for potato
crop. However, fungicides should be applied only when disease symptoms are visible
on the leaves.
l. De-haulm the crop after 105-110 days of transplanting.
m. Harvesting is done 10-12 days after dehaulming.
2. Seedling Tuber Production:
To produce seedling tubers, the procedure to be followed for nursery bed preparation
are identical to the methods recommended in raising seedling for transplanted potato
crop, except the practices mentioned below :
a) Add N-P2O5-K2O fertilizers @ 60-100-100 kg/ha to the FYM substrate and mix
properly.
b) Irrigate the nursery beds a day before sowing of TPS.
c) Mark the rows in the nursery beds at 10 cm. inter row distance. Sow 2-3 seeds at 10 cm
intra-rows distance at a depth of 0.5 cm and cover them with 0.5 cm. thick layer of fine
sieved FYM.
d) Irrigate the seedbed twice or thrice a day or as needed for a week after sowing, using
water cane or sprayer, ensuring that the soil is kept moist (field capacity) without any
run-off water. Subsequently, irrigate once or twice in a day to keep the beds moist.

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e) Provide shade initially as mentioned in earlier methods to protect from rain, bright
sunshine etc.
f) After 10 days of emergence, spray the seedlings with 0.1% urea on every third or fourth
day for boosting up the growth and vigour of the seedlings. Spraying of urea solution
should be stopped when the seedlings become vigorous.
g) When the seedlings attain a height of 15cm, cover the lower-most three internodes of
the seedlings with additional quantities of substrate mixture and repeat the earthing up
h) three times at an interval of 7-8 days.
i) Proper and timely weeding is essential. Follow the usual cultural practices like irrigation,
plant protection etc.
j) Cut haulm at the age of 90-95 days.
k) Harvest the seedling tubers after 12-15 days of haulm cutting.
Cultivation of Potato crop from Tuberlets:
The seedling tubers produced either by direct seeding of TPS or from transplanted
potato crop are planted in the field in the next season. The method is similar to the
recommended conventional cultivation practices of potato crop, except the variation in spacing
according to seed rate and seed size.

Tuberlet size (g) Inter-row spacing (cm) Seed rate (q/ha)

20-40 20 25

10-20 15 17

5-10* 10 12

*In case of 5g size, two tuberlets should be planted. Moreover, seedling tubers
(tuberlets) can be used for 3-4 successive years if seed plot technique is followed appropriately.

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Tobacco
(Nicotiana spp.)

Variety: Hemti, Bitri, DD437 and HD 65/40

Soil type: Sandy to sandy loam
Raising of seedlings:
a) Seedbed preparation: Raised seedbeds about 15cm above ground level, 90cm wide
with convenient length are to be prepared.
b) Manure: Well-rotten and semi-dry powdered FYM @ 2kg/sq.m (2t/ha) is to be applied.
After preparing the beds, application of super phosphate @ 35g/sq.m (350kg/ ha)is
needed.
c) Time of sowing: End of September to make the seedlings ready for planting in the
middle of November.
d) Seed rate: 0.6g/sq.m
e) Method of sowing: Seeds are to be mixed with fine sand and sown evenly. After
sowing, the topsoil has to be worked with fingers and leveled. The beds should be
covered with bamboo strip mats or jute sticks. Whenever there is bright sunlight, the
cover should be removed.
f) Interculture: Stirring the soil around the seedlings with a sharp-edged bamboo poker
to break the soil crust is necessary. Seedlings can be removed in three instalments,
rejecting all weak and diseased seedlings.
g) Age of seedlings: 35-40 days.
Field Preparation:
The field should be ploughed 3-4 times followed by laddering.
Fertility Management:

Nutrient Requirement Form Fertilizer requirement

(kg/ha)
kg/ha kg/bigha

N 50 Urea 108 15

P2O5 50 SSP 312 46

K2O 50 MOP 83 11

FYM should be applied @ 10 t/ha (13.3 q/bigha).The entire quantity of SSP and MOP
and 3/4 of urea should be applied before planting and remaining 1/3rd urea should be applied
th

45 days after planting.

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Time of Transplanting: November

Spacing: 75 cm x 60 cm
Gap filling:
The gap should be filled within 15 days after transplanting
Interculture:
Use of hand plough at weekly intervals after the establishment of transplant is essential.
One or two weeding cum clod crushing is required.
Irrigation:
Depending upon the irrigation facilities and moisture content in the soil two to three
light irrigations or pot watering are required.
Topping and De-suckering:
When some flowers have opened, the terminal floral buds are to be topped leaving 8
leaves on the plant excluding the sand leaves. After topping, the auxiliary buds starts emerging
and develop as sucker rapidly, which are to be removed when needed.
Harvesting and Curing:
Fully matured leaves which develop yellowish tinge and copper/ brown coloured spots,
are to be harvested by priming in 3-4 installments. The primed leaves are to be left in the field
for about 8-10 hours for wilting under sunlight. The wilted leaves are tied into bunches of 8-
10 leaves and cured for 4-6 weeks. Then they are to be arranged in bulks and fermented.
Yield: Average yield of dry leaf 7 q/ha.

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Tea
(Camellia sinensis)
Soil and Climate:
Tea can be grown on a wide range of soils but well drained sandy loam to clay loam
soils having pH 4.5-5.5 are most suitable for tea cultivation. Water-logging is injurious to the
tea plant. Hot and humid climate with a high and even distribution of rainfall (2000 mm to
40000 mm/annum) throughout the year is beneficial for tea cultivation.
Some Recommended Planting Materials:
Clone: TV 1, TV 18, TV 20, TV 21, TV 22, TV 23, TV 24, TV 25, TV 26, PL 26A,
S3A/I, Tin Ali-17/1/54 etc. and other clones approved by the Tea Board.
Seed: TS 450, TS 462, TS 464, Betjan Jat, Tingamira Jat and other seed stock and Jats
approved by the Tea Board.
Selection of suitable planting material for a locality should be made, however, by
judging the performance of the material in the adjoining tea plantations.
Nursery:
a) Seed Nursery: Before sowing in the nursery, seeds are to be placed in a germination pit
filled with a thin layer of clean moist sand. On cracking, seeds should be transferred to the
nursery. Seedling may be raised in “beds” (1.2m wide and of convenient length laid in East-
West direction in fertile soil) or in ‘polythene sleeves’ (20-25 cm long, 17 cm (lay flat)
wide & 150-gauge thickness). Sleeves should be filled up with a mixture of good jungle
soil and well rotten cattle manure (3:1 ratio) along with super phosphate @ 500 g/cubic
meter soil mixture at least 3-4 weeks before sowing.
i) Sowing Time: November-December. Seeds, as soon as received, should be placed in
the germination bed as delay in sowing impairs germination.
ii) Spacing and Depth of Sowing: Seeds should be sown at a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm
in the bed and at a depth equal to the diameter of the seeds. While sowing the scar (eye)
should face downwards.
iii)Shade: The nursery is to be protected from strong sun and wind. For this an overhead
is to be erected with enclosure on all sides. The roof should be slanting towards the
South (height 2.1 m on the northern side and 1.5 m on the southern side) and covered
with a thin layer of thatch or other suitable material. Similar material may be used to
construct the enclosure.
iv) Manuring : One Young Tea Dose (YTD), i.e. a mixture of N-P2O5-K2O (10-5-15)
mixed with dry soil at 1: 9 ratio should be applied around the collar (5 cm away from
the collar) per 30 running meters of 1-2 m wide nursery bed, from June to August, at
fortnightly interval. In addition, 2% urea solution as foliar application may be sprayed
4 times in that period to ensure health and vigour of nursery plants, wherever necessary.

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v) Irrigation: Irrigation should be provided on alternate days depending on the moisture

status of the soil.
b) Clonal Nursery:
i) Cutting: 2.5 cm long single leaf internode cuttings of correct maturity should be used
for propagation.
ii) Time : April – May of September – October
iii) Planting: Cuttings should be raised in “beds” or polythene sleeve as stated earlier.
iv) Spacing: 15 cm x 15 cm.
v) Shade, Manuring and Irrigation: As practiced in seed nursery.
Land Preparation:
(a) Virgin land: The field should be cleared by cutting down or uprooting unwanted big
trees leaving the litters in situ at least one year ahead of planting. The stump and roots
should be completely uprooted. Leveling should be done with minimum soil
disturbances. In undulating lands, topographical survey should be done for planning
proper drainage and planting.
(b) Area previously used for other cultivation: Area debilitated due to previous
cultivation should be rehabilitated properly. Rehabilitation should be done by deep
ploughing, harrowing, leveling followed by growing grasses like Guatemala, Hybrid
Napier, Citronella and legumes like Mimosa invisa, Crotalaria anagyrioides for at least
one year or suitable pulses may be grown.
Drainage:
Subsidiary drains should be dug 15 m – 25 m apart (depending on soil type) before
planting tea. In undulating area, graded contour drains should be dug based on contour map.
Drains should be 90 cm deep and 60 cm wide with slopping sides and they should be connected
with natural outlet like ‘nallahs’ or paddy fields.
Planting:
Field planting should be done in March-April or September – October.
(i) Age of the plant: Vigorous plants about one year old having a girth of near pencil
thickness (0.7 cm approx.) should be used for planting. Weak nursery plants should not
be used.
(ii) Spacing (double hedge-staggered) :
120 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm (18518 plants/ha)
or
120 cm x 75 cm x 60 cm (14814 plants/ha)
(iii) Method: 45 cm deep and 30 cm wide trenches should be dug along the row;
plants with ‘bheti’ should be placed in the trench and rammed properly. To avoid water
stagnation, top of the ‘bheti’ should remain 1 cm above the ground level.

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(iv) Manuring: Super phosphate @ 1 kg/16 running meter (of the trench) should be
applied after thoroughly mixing with the excavated soils along with dry well rotten cow
dung @ 65 kg/16 m trench.
(v)Mulching: After planting, the area should be mulched with green materials like
Guatemala, water hyacinth, spent Citronella grass etc. Paddy straw may be used as
mulching material. When paddy straw is used for mulching, it is essential to apply 20
kg nitrogen per hectare, preferably in the form of ammonium sulphate over the mulch.
Mulching should be done 10cm away from the collar of the plant.
Green Cropping:
For the initial two years, ‘Bormedelua’ Crotalaria anagyroides may be grown in
between two alternate hedges of tea by line sowing. Lopping the tops and sides of the green
crop should be done and the litters be kept in situ. During gestation period, some pulses may
be grown in between the hedges.
Shade:
Temporary shade tree species like Indigofera teysmanii should be planted at a spacing
of 3.6 x 3.6 m in between the two lines of a hedge immediately after planting of tea. Lopping
should be done to avoid over shading and temporary trees should be removed when permanent
shade trees attain maturity. Permanent shade tree species like Albizzia odoratissima. A. lebbek
etc. should be planted at 12 m x 12 m spacing along the tea rows. Thorny species like Acacia
lenticularis should be used in elephant infested areas.
Manuring:
(a) Young Tea :
Manuring should be started when plants establish in the field.
0 year – 5g YTD/plant, 3 times at 8 weeks interval by ring method, leaving 10cm around
the collar.
+ 1 year – 10 g YTD/plant as above
+ 2 year – 16 g YTD/plant as above
+ 3+4 year – 900 kg YTD/ha in single application in strip method leaving 15 cm from the
collar of the plant on either side.
(b) Mature tea :
From fourth year onwards, 90-135 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O/ha should be
broadcast in single dose in clean ground in April when the monsoon rain moistens the soil
down to a depth of about 45 cm.
N should be applied in the form of urea for two years followed by ammonium sulphate
in every third year.
Bush formation of young tea:

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Year Month Planting pruning and centering Plucking

operations

0 Sept./Oct. Planting

+1 Jan./Feb. Cut across at 35 cm and decentre Tip at 50-35 cm

below 18 cm. Single stemmer plants
are to be ‘lung’ pruned at 12-15 cm

+2 Jan./Feb. Cut across at 40 cm (first frame Tip at 60 cm. Raise

formation prune) and decentre if table by leaf when
necessary plucking table is full.

+3 - -do-

+4 December Cut across at 45 cm (final frame Tip at 65 cm

formation prune). Thereafter follow
normal cycle

Pruning and Tipping:

(a) Time: For light pruning –December 1 to 15. For skiffing –December15 to January15.
(b) Pruning cycle: 3 or 4 year pruning cycle may be followed.
(i) 3 yr. cycle: Light prune (LP) – Level-off skiff (LVS) - Deep skiff (DS) –LP.
(ii) 4 yr. cycle: LP-Medium skiff (MS) – DS light skiff (LS)-LP.
(c) Height of Pruning and Tipping :
(i) LP-Prune at 2 cm above the previous pruning height. Tip leaving 5 newly grown
leaves above the pruning level.
(ii) DS-Skiff at 8-10 cm above the LP mark. Tip leaving two leaves.
(iii)MS-Skiff at 12-15 cm above LP mark. Tip leaving one leaf.
(iv) LS-Skiff at 20 cm above the LP mark. Tip at the same height leaving the janam.
(v) LVS-Skiff-removing the projecting shoots above the plucking table. Tip at the same
height leaving the janam.
Plucking:
Pluck should be done up to ‘Janam’ in 7 days plucking round. Care should be taken to
maintain the table as even as possible.
Green Leaf Handling:
Plucked leaves should not be kept in sun or be compressed in the busket tightly to avoid
leaf damage due to generation of excessive heat and bruising of the leaves. All care should be
taken to avoid ‘reddening’ of leaves.

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Weed Control:
In the first year, hand weeding around the collar region of the plant and cheelin between
the hedges should be done. Herbicide sprays at appropriate @ 350 to 500 liter per hectare
(depending on weed infestation) may be used at suitable intervals to control weeds in mature
tea fromApril to September. Care must be taken to avoid herbicide sprays falling on the tea
plants.
(i) Grass weed infested area : Spray glyphosate (2-2.5 liter in 300 liters water)
(ii) Broad leaf weed infested area: Spray bispyribac sodium (25 kg a.i./ha).
(iii)Mixed weed infested area: Spray glyphosate (2.25 liters in 300 liters water).
Pest Management:
A). Mite & Insect Pests:
For all Mites including red spider, spray ethion in 1:400 dilution, from mid February
onwards or spiromesifen 22.90 SC @ 96.0 ga.i./ha. Depending on the intensity of
infestation 4-6 applications are necessary. Two sprays of etoxazole 10 SC @ 40 ga.i.
/ha (5.33 g ai/bigha) at 15 days interval is highly effective to manage the red spider
mite in the tea ecosystem or spray tebufenpyrad 20 WP @ 200 g a.i/ha against tea red
spider mite, Olygonychus coffeae.
Termites: Soil drenching with clothianidin 50 WDG @ 250 g/ha (125 g a.i./ha or 0.5
g/liter of water) is effective against termite in tea.
B). Diseases:
(i) For Nursery Diseases like brown root rot or collar rot, the infected plants must be
removed, 0.25% suspension of copper oxychloride should be applied as preventive
measure, before onset of rain and repeat spray after one month. For damping off disease,
which is mainly caused due to heavy soil condition and over watering, copper
oxychloride be applied @ 1.5 kg/ha after first shower, followed by a repeat spray after
3 weeks (1:400 dilution).
(ii) Primary root diseases like brown root rot, charcoal stump rot, terry root rot or purple
root rot are incurable. In case of incidence of such diseases, an isolation trench should
be dug enclosing 3.5 m radius around the infected plant. All plant parts along with their
root systems should be thoroughly removed and burnt. The pit so formed, should be
rehabilitated properly before replanting.
(iii) For secondary root diseases like violet root rot, diplodia, thorny blight etc., the
infected bush along with its root system should be removed. Improvement of drainage
and other cultural practices, thereby increasing the bush vigour, will reduce the
possibility of such diseases.
(iv) Leaf and Stem Diseases: Blister blight infected plants should be sprayed with copper-
oxychloride @ 625 g/ha in 1:800 dilution by a high-volume sprayer. Six to 8 repeat
sprays, each at 7 days interval (after each plucking) ensure better control.

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For black rot or red rust, the same fungicide should be sprayed @ 1.5 to 2.5 kg/ha
(depending on the prevalence of the disease) by a hand sprayer in 1: 400 dilution. Four
repeat sprays each at 2 weeks interval (during March/April) should be given.

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Construction of low cost vermicompost unit

Design and specification of Low-cost vermicoposting unit
1. Dimension: 2.5 m (L) x 0.91 m(B) x 0. 76m (D)
2. Materials to be used:
a. Bamboo structure for the shed over the tank and construction of
vermicomposting unit
b. Roof: UV stable silpulin/Thatch
c. Sides: Locally available material e.g. Dried banana leaves/ agroshed Net

d. Pit: A pit connecting the vermicomposting unit . A half-inch diameter PVC pipe may be
used.
e. Inside the pit: Bamboo made vermicomposting tank and Wash collection tank should be laid
with Black polythene sheet(Best Quality)
f. The bottom should have a mild slope towards the Wash collection tank.
g. A layer of fine pebble and layer of sand should be placed over the plastic sheet in the
vermicomposting tank.
h. The vermicomposting tank should be filled with Semi-decomposed
(pre-decomposed ) and subsequently, earthworm of proven species is to be
released. The dried cow dung should be free of local earthworm species.
i. A side drain may be laid out around the vermicomposting unit to prevent ant problem.
Size of each tank : 0.91m (B) x 0.91m (D) x 2.5m (L)
Annual Production capacity : 900 Kg/ one cycle x 3 cycle = 2700 Kg
Duration of each cycle : 3 months during summer and 4 months during winter
Duration of the structure : 3 years

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TECHNOLOGIES FOR INTENSIVE CROPPING IN DIFFERENT

AGROCLIMATIC ZONES OF ASSAM

SITUATION: UPLAND
A) UPPER BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE
i) Annual crop
Sugarcane (spring) + Cowpea Sugarcane (autumn) + Toria Pigeonpea +
Ginger/turmeric Summer rice/vegetables
Blackgram/greengram (Sept)/Pea/Rajmah (Oct)/Vegetables (Chilli + French bean +
Cucumber)
Cowpea/maize (fodder) + Soybean/Toria
ii) Perennial crop
Arecanut + Banana + Pineapple
Arecanut + Black pepper + Banana + Pineapple
B) NORTH BANK PLAINS ZONE
Summer green gram - Groundnut/Potato/Pea/Toria Summer rice -
Vegetables/lentil/Pea /Rajmah
C) CENTRAL BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE:
Summer green gram - Kharif vegetables Lentil/pea/Toria
Summer rice - Kharif vegetables/Rabi vegetables Vegetables - Kharif vegetables/Rabi
vegetables Rice - Kharif vegetables/Rabi vegetables Sesamum + Blackgram (1: 1)
Pigeonpea + Sesamum
LOWER BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE:
i) Annual
1) As in CBV and Rice-Blackgram-Potato Rice-Sesamum-Wheat.
2) Vegetables+vegetable; Vegetables+flower intercropping.
Brinjal+Frenchbean/Knolkhol/Methi
Pea + Tuberose Coriander + marigold
ii) Perennial crop
1) Coconut + ginger + Turmeric
Coconut + betelvine + Assam lemon + banana + Pineapple + Ginger.
E) HILLS ZONES (SLOPES OF 20-25%)
Rice (DS) - Blackgram/greengram Rice (DS) - Cotton

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Rice - Greengram – Toria Pigeonpea + Sesamum/blackgram/greengram Rice (DS)

+ Greengram/Blackgram (2 : 1)
F) CROPPING SYSTEM FOR FORAGE CROP PRODUCTION
A) Sequential cropping:
i) Intensive forage production
1) Cowpea – Teostine/Maize/Dinanath – Oats
2) Cowpea/Rice bean – Cowpea/Rice bean-Oats/Maize
3) Maize+ Cowpea-Teostine+Cowpea-Oats
4) Maize + Cowpea – Dinanath – Oats
ii). With food/commercial crops:
5) Rice – Oats
6) Cowpea – Rice – Oats
7) Rice (S) – Cowpea/Ricebean-Maize
8) Rice + Ricebean/Cowpea-Rice-Oats/Maize
B) Mixed/intercropping
i) Forage crop mixture
1) Oats +Pea
2) Oats + Khesari(Lathyrus)
3) Maize + Pea/ Khesari(Lathyrus)
4) Maize + Cowpea/Rice bean
5) Toestine+Cowpea/Rice bean
6) Sorghum + Cowpea
ii). Food-Forage mixture
D) Pea (grain) + Oat (F)
7) Rapeseed/Niger + Oats (F)
8) Lentil/Gram + Oats (F)
9) Rice + Cowpea (F)
10) Green gram - Cowpea (F) – Rapeseed
11) Maize-Cowpea (F)-Sesamum-Rapeseed
12) Rice (direct seeded) – Cowpea (F) - Oat
iii). With perennial grass
1) Guinea/Setaria+Ricebean/Cowpea-Dinanath/Cowpea/Ricebean-Oats/Pea/Khesari

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2) Hybrid Napier + Cowpea-Cowpea-Oat

SITUATION: MEDIUM/MEDIUM LOWLAND:
A) UPPER BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE

i) March-June June-Oct Early Nov- Feb/March Toria/Niger/lLinseed

rice)T) Early Potato/Pea/Vegetables (for light textured soils)
rice(T)

Rice (DS) Rice (T) Toria/Relay pea/Pat (F)

ii) April-July July – Nov Nov/Dec – Feb.

Rice (T) Rice (T) Oat (F)/Wheat (irrigated)

Vegetables Rice (T) Vegetables (Chilli / Radish + French

bean/Tomato / Potato

Maize (Kharif) Tomato

Maize

First rice crop of sequence is of 100-110 days duration viz., Luit, Kapilee, second rice
of 130-140 days duration, viz., Mahsuri, Jaya, Satya.
B) NORTH BANK PLAIN ZONE:

March-July July/Aug-Nov Nov/Dec -Feb

Green gram Rice (T) Potato

Toria (with low input level)

Rice (T) Rajmah/pea

Rice (T) Wheat/vegetables

Rice (T) Oat (fodder)

Maize Rajmah

First rice crop of 100-110 days duration, 2nd one of long duration 150 days in two crop
sequences.
C) CENTRAL BRAHMAPUTRA ZONE:

March-June July – Nov Nov-Feb/March

Jute Rice (T) Toria/Wheat

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Summer moong Rice (T) Pea/vegetables

Early Rice (T) Vegetables

Cow pea Rice (T) Toria

(Fodder) Rice (T) Rice (T) (Irrigated Lowland)

Lady’s finger Rice (T) Toria

Jute - Wheat/Toria/Pea/Potato

D) LOWER BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE:

March-July July/Aug-Oct/ Nov Oct/Nov-Feb

Rice (DS) Rice (T) Potato

Greengram Rice (T) Toria Rice (T)

Vegetables/Pea Jute Rice Potato

E) BARAK VALLEY ZONE:

Rice (T) Rice -

Early rice (T) - Pea/Toria/Niger

Rice (T) Rice (T) Toria/Pea

Post-rice mustard can be sown till late November, while niger/linseed can be sown till
December.
F) HILLS ZONE:

Maize Greengram/Blackgram/Pigeon pea

Rice (DS) Greengram Toria

Rice (DS) Blackgram Wheat

Maize (Kharif) Cabbage

SITUATION: FLOOD PRONE AREAS

Flood prone areas are spreading along the river systems are found in all the districts of
the state. Though the advent of flood differs in different areas and the intensity differs from
year to year in the same area, the features of the areas are almost identical; hence the
recommended technologies apply to all the areas.

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Feb-May Late Aug-Nov Dec- Feb

Early summer rice (DS) Late winter rice (T) -

Summer vegetables -do- Pea-potato

Summer vegetables -do- Groundnut/Pea

Summer rice/ Fallow Potato/Vegetable/

Summer pulse Toria/ Wheat/Pea

Groundnut/melons Fallow Early pulse/Vegetables

Summer rice (Feb-June) - Sweet potato (Sept-Feb)

For late planting seedlings of 50-55 days of age can be used in closer spacings of 15
cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 15 cm for semi-dwarf and tall varieties, respectively.
Rice varieties of short duration for pre and post flood situations are – Luit, Kapilee,
(100-110 days duration) and also Lachit, Govind (120 days duration), Kalinga 3, Sonamukhi,
Heera. In post flood situation sprouted seeds to be sown in wet condition.

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TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC SYSTEMS

Rice (T) –Wheat:

Rice transplanting – Mid July, Wheat sowing – Mid Nov Recommended fertilizer for
both the crops
Need based irrigation for wheat Rice (T) – Toria/Rajmah/Pea Rice-Mid duration variety
Toria- Sowing to be completed by early November, varieties –TS-36, TS-38, M-27
Application of organic manure at 5 t/ha and 25% of recommended level of fertilizers to
both the crops increase yields.
Rajmah/Pea – Sowing to be over by early November.
Rice – relay pea
Pea to be sown 7-10 days before rice harvested with 25-50% higher seeding rate.
(In Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone, pea and Rajmah to be harvested by the end of
February.
Rice – relay Lathyrus
Without rhizobium and PSP inoculation:
- Application of 7.5 kg N and 17.5 kg P2O5/ha at the time of sowing before rice harvest
- Application of second dose @ 7.5 - 17.5 - 15 kg N, P2O5 , K2O/ ha at the time of rice
harvest.[The fertilizers are to be incubated for 48 hours with compost/ moist soil in 1 :
10 ratio before applying]
- Apply two foliar sprays of 2% urea at branching and pod initiation stages
With rhizobium and PSB inoculation (50 g/kg):
- Apply 5.0 kg N and 13.0 kg P2O5/ha at the time of sowing before rice harvest
- Apply second dose @ 5 - 13 - 15 kg N, P2O5 , K2O / ha at the time of rice harvest. [The
fertilizers are to be incubated for 48 hours with compost/ moist soil in 1 : 10 ratio before
applying]
- Apply two foliar sprays of 2% urea at branching and pod initiation stages
Rice (T) – Oat (fodder):
Oat can be sown after rice till late December. Two cuttings can be taken from early
sown oat.
Rice (T) – Rice (T):
Substitution of 25-50% of inorganic N in one of the crops through Azolla/FYM or straw
helps cutting down fertilizer requirements. FYM/cut residue is to be applied @ 270-540
kg/bigha at the time of puddling. Azolla @ 22-44 kg/ha is to be inoculated one week after

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transplanting.
Closer spacing of 15 × 15 cm or 15 × 10 cm for short duration varieties like Luit/
Kapilee.
Second rice var. is to be of long duration (150-160 days) for low land, viz., Ranjit,
Bahadur, Kushal, Moniram to be transplanted in July.
Direct seeding of the first rice crop in wet condition with application of (pre-
emergence) herbicide, viz., pretilachlor @ 0.75 kg kg a.i./ha and with supplementary
irrigation is recommended.
Rice – Pulses/Oilseed:
Green manuring with S. aculeata, S. rostrata or green leaf manuring for the rice crop
is beneficial in the establishment of rabi crops after rice.
Use 60 kg P2O5 as rock phosphate 20 days ahead of planting the 1st rice crop and no
phosphatic fertilizer for the second crop.

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APICULTURE

Honeybees are essential for pollination of many cross-pollinated crops, and also for
production of honey which generates income to the farmers. There are four major honeybee
species viz., Rock bee (Apis dorsata), little bee (Apis florea), Indian bee (Apis cerena) and
Western bee (Apis mellifera). Out of them, the former two are wild and the latter two are
domesticated species. Indian bee is a brownish black, locally available domesticated Asiatic
species. The beekeeping practice of North-East India is mainly based on this species. This is
indigenous to India with average honey yield of 12 kg per hive per annum and the foraging
range is 0.8-1 km. Western bee is an exotic golden yellow species most widely and
commercially reared in the world. This is larger in size than Indian bee having average honey
yield of 35-40 kg per annum with aforaging range of 2 km. The species is successfully
introduced in Northern India and effort is being made to introduce it in Assam including North
East India.
Apiary site:
An apiary is a place where honeybee colonies are reared. Site with proper sunlight, air
circulation and shade should be selected for the apiary. Good apiary location is one with
abundance of nectar and pollen producing plants. Commercial beekeepers generally migrate
their colonies from one place to another for flora and produce more than one api crop of several
types. Some of the important bee foraging crop-plants are rapeseed- mustard, niger, buckwheat,
sunflower, safflower, sesamum, bottle gourd, pointed gourd, pumpkin, ridge gourd, sponge
gourd, maize, soyabean, jamun, litchi, mango, drumstick, guava, citrus, coconut, areca nut,
date palm, pummelo, ironwood, tamarind, mayflower, pomegranate etc.
Beehive and other equipment:
Honeybees are reared in the modern beehive based on the principle of bee space.
Beehive is composed of brood chamber and honey chamber. The brood chamber is meant for
rearing progeny and the super or honey chamber is used for secreting honey. The following
beekeeping equipment are required for honeybee rearing.
i) Beehive:
a) ISI A type 8 frames for Indian bee, ISI B type 10 frame for Indian bee.
b) Langstroth 10 frame for Western bee.
ii) Smoker to produce smoke for effective handling of the colony
iii) Bee veil to prevent bee stinging during handling of the colony
iv) Hand gloves for effective handling of the colony

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v) Swarm-catcher for collection of colony from natural source

vi) Honey extractor for extraction of honey
vii) Uncapping knife
Rearing Season:
Seeds or colonies are normally available during spring i.e. February to March as this is
a peak-breeding season for the honeybees. Colonies can be collected from the natural sources
or may be procured from the beekeepers. Rearing can be started with three or four frame worker
bees having one-year mated queen. During winter (December to January) and in spring
(February to March) are the best seasons to start beekeeping.
Seasonal Management:
There are generally three seasons for bee management.
Spring Management:
Beekeepers calendar starts with the activity of honeybee colonies after prolonged rain
and winter cold. As this is a major flowering season, worker bees become busy for collecting
nectar and pollen from flowers and thereby help in building the colonies. This is known as
honey-flow season and in this season mostly extraction operations are done. However, there is
a problem with swarming, which is acute in Indian species but less in western species. Swarm
prevention can be done by frequent inspection of the colony, removing the queen cell, dividing
the strong colony and helping the week one.
Summer and Rainy season management:
In the summer management, honeybee colonies should be kept under shade just to
protect from scorching sun. As there is continuous rainfall in Assam during the rainy season,
honeybee colony should be provided with artificial diet, composed of carbohydrate, protein
and water. Effective artificial diet comprises of sugar (as carbohydrate); black gram or green
gram or soybean powder (as protein source) and water @ 1 kg of sugar and 100 gm protein
powder mixed in 1 liter of water. It should be administered as per requirement of the colony.
Winter management:
The honeybee colonies should be taken out from the shade and exposed to the sunlight.
Migration of the colony:
During winter, honeybee colonies should be migrated to the oilseed crop fields (mainly
rapeseed-mustard crop) and then to spring blooms of fruit, forage crops and forest plantations.
In this practice both the beekeepers and farmers will be mutually benefited in terms of honey
and crop production. Migration is essential for getting substantial yields of crops as well as
honey.
Disease and Enemy Management
Several diseases, viz., and fungal, bacterial, viral and protozoan diseases infect
honeybees. Out of these, viral and protozoan diseases are the most serious ones in Assam.

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a). Sac-brood disease:

This is a viral disease caused by Thai-sac strain. The symptoms of this disease are.
● The larvae become pale; then turn brownish-black and gradually dry up.
● The punctured capping with dead pupa within the cell.
● The infection is usually in worker, seldom in drone and spread by drifting nurse
bees.
Control:
Dequeening and Requeening: Create broodlessness for some time by dequeening and
requeening through production of new queen cell. Infected colony should be treated
with antibiotics like Teramycin, 250 mg @ 1 tablet per 4 liters of sugar syrup.
b). Nosema disease:
Nosema disease is found in adult Western bee colony. The infected bees show the
symptom of crawling, disjointed wings and the mid-intestine becomes swollen with
pale colour.
The treatment with hydroxy quinoline mixed with sugar @ 250 mg/4 liters of sugar
syrup will give effective control. Against fungal disease, proper aeration and exposure
to the sunlight prove to be effective.
Natural Enemy: Almost half a dozen natural enemies such as lizard, wasp, wax moth,
cockroach, birds, ants and mites infest honeybee colonies. Out of them, wax moth and
predatory wasp are most serious enemies.
c). Wax moth, Galleria mellonella:
Wax moth lays eggs on the stored combs or on the spare combs in the colony. Larvae
develop by feeding on wax and pollen in comb cells. Wax moths are most active in
summer and rainy seasons. To manage this pest; store combs by removing extra combs
from the colony. Fumigate stored combs in air-tight space (in hive chambers, sealed
between with mud or dung) and treated with acetic acid or formalin. But fumigation
with sulphur smouldering is most effective. Removal and destruction of the infected
portion of the comb is also recommended. The biocontrol practice of treatment with Bt
formulation var. kurstaki @ 0.5 gm/100 ml. of water per hive gives effective control of
the pest.
d). Predatory wasp:
Among the wasps, the burrowing (Vespa magnifica.) and aerial wasps (Vespa cinta) are
two common species in Assam, which predate on honeybees. To protect the colonies
from the wasp, practices such as destruction of wasp nests in the vicinity of the apiary
and artificial net covering (with nylon net of 1 cm mesh size) over the beehive colonies
are found to be effective.
For controlling bee mites, honeybee colonies should be exposed to the sunlight
and in acute cases chlorbenzilate fumigation gives effective control. Sulphur dusting @

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200 mg/hive on top bars of frames is also effective.

Honeybees in crop production
Honeybees are essential for pollination of all the cross-pollinated crops. It has been
clearly demonstrated through experimentation at AICRP on Honeybee, AAU, Jorhat that
honeybee colonies enhance crop yield to the tune of 1.5 to 2 times as shown below:
Crop Colony Yield (q/ha) Percent yield increase over
requirement open pollination
Mustard 5 12.2 157.65
Niger 6 6.1 146.98
Buckwheat 5-6 14.2 152.68
Litchi 5-6 66.7 142.75
Assam lemon 4 - -
Hence honeybee colonies are considered as essential input for increasing productivity
of cross-pollinated crops. Migration of honeybee colonies is necessary for both crop and honey
yield.
Pesticidal Poisoning to Honeybees:
In order to protect the honeybees from pesticide poisoning eco-friendly pesticides,
which are less toxic to honeybees should be recommended. Moreover, the application of
pesticide on flowering crops should be done in the afternoon when the bee activity stops in the
field. Some of the bee friendly pesticides with inorganic and organic compositions are
oxydemeton methyl and botanicals. Biopesticides such as Bt. formulation, NPV, etc. which are
having less or no residual toxicity should be incorporated in the Integrated Pest Management
Packages.
Recommendation of Bt. Formulation against Wax moth:
Wax moth, Galleria mellonella is one of the most serious pests of honeybee causing
severe damage to the colonies. Various remedial measures such as cultural, chemical were
adopted without having any full proof effect. In order to have effective management of this
pest, biocontrol experiments with Bt. Formulation, var. kurstaki @ 0.5 per cent controlled the
wax moth effectively. Hence, Bt var. kurstaki 0.5 g/hive/liter of water has been recommended
against wax moth.

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APPENDIX I
Micronutrients and their use

High yielding varieties of crops are fertilizer responsive, and hence lead to removal of
both major and micronutrients from soil proportional to the production of crops. Commercially
available high analysis fertilizers supply enough of major nutrients and little of micronutrient
required for the crop. Replenishment of micronutrients removed by crops to soil is not generally
practiced and as such crop derives micronutrients from native source. Due to continuous
cropping, the soil is depleted of available micronutrients and thereby the productivity of the
land gradually declines.
The studies on micronutrients status in Assam soils and crop responses to application
of different micronutrients (straight chelated and blended forms) revealed beyond doubt that
the application of micronutrients, particularly zinc and boron are necessary to enhance the
yields of various field and horticultural crops in the state. Since molybdenum contents in Assam
soils are below the critical limit, responses to Mo is also conspicuous on leguminous crops as
it is essential for efficient functioning of Rhizobium spp. for nitrogen fixation.
Zinc sulphate, borax and sodium or ammonium molybdate are common sources for
supplementing Zn, B and Mo, respectively. However, there are large numbers of micronutrient
products available in the market for soil application and foliar spray as given below. But
considering the possibility of developing residual toxicity in some specific situations due to
continuous soil application and taking the price of micro-nutrient and labour wages together,
foliar spray is advantageous. Although the use of micro-nutrient should be based on soil test
values, a generalized recommendation of its use particularly Zn and B appears to be useful for
enhancing the crop yield.

Micronutrient Products with trade name*

Zn (chelated form as Zn-EDTA 12%) Zincmax, Chelamin, Estazine

Zn and B Boromax (9.3% B and 13% Zn)

Mo Molymax (50% Mo)

Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mo Multiplex, Polymax or Anusar, Shaktyapray,

Tracel, Agromin, Microphate, Agroma, Agrimic
(a substitute for organic manure)

*Mentioning trade name(s) does not mean promoting the product(s)

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APPENDIX II
Use of lime for integrated management of acid soil

Application of liming material @ 1/10th of lime requirement (LR) of soil (Based on

SMP method) in furrows integrated with FYM @ 2t/ha together with 50% recommended dose
of N-P2O5-K2O is recommended for soils of pH < 5.5 under rainfed/irrigated upland and
medium land. The recommendation is meant for seasonal application of lime as a fertilizer, but
not as an amendment, for various pulses/oilseeds/vegetable crops of the region.
The liming material of 60-80 mesh size used to correct the rhizosphere soil acidity
should be applied in furrows with a thin cover up with soil to serve as a barrier to the fertilizer
to be applied over it, followed by seeding over a thin layer of soil.
Integrated use of lime and fertilizer may be done with the help of seed-cum-fertilizer
drill. For very dry soil, water should be sprinkled to get the best use of lime.
Seasonal application of lime should be done based on soil tests for pH measuring less
than 5.5.

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APPENDIX III
IPM Module for managing insect pests of rice in Assam

The IPM module recommended for insect pest management in rice crops of Assam is
as follows-
Varietal Resistance:
● Any resistant/ tolerant variety
Chemical control:
● Seed treatment with carboxin @ 2.0 g/kg seed
● Need based application of pesticide based on Economic Threshold Level (ETL)
(Table1)
Cultural control:
● Timely planting (as per recommendation)
● Optimum plant population (as per recommendation)
● Balanced fertilizer application and split application of N (as per recommendation)
● Clean cultivation
● Regular pest monitoring (use of pheromone traps @ 8 traps/ha for YSB)
Biological control:
● Release of egg parasitoids Trichogramma spp. @ 50,000 Nos. /ha (six releases) on
observing the moths of YSB
● Application of Beauveria bassiana impregnated Rice Husk Saw Dust Rice Bran
(RHSDRB) medium @ 3 kg/ha in 600 liters of water (107 spores/ml)
ITKs:
● Use of bamboo perches to encourage predatory birds. Remove the perches as the crop
reaches milky grain stage.
● Use of Eupatorium odoratum twigs and leaves in the field to repel insects like case
worm
● Use of neem leaf (soil incorporation) against case worm and stem borer

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APPENDIX IV
Technical and Trades Names of Insecticides & Acaricides,
Rodenticides and biopesticide formulation

Technical Name Trade name

A. Insecticides
1. Neonicotinoids
Imidacloprid 17.8 SL Confidor, Seamer, Josh, Imidastar, Imiden, Courage, Midas
2000, King Dor , Jumbo
Imidacloprid 70 WG Admire , Tatamida 70WS , Josh 70 , Dzire ,
Global 777 , Ad-Fyre , Victor Plus , Tagmyre&
Tropical Magic , Pactus , Sumida
Clothianidin 50WDG Dentotsu
Acetamiprid 20SP Manik , Ekka , Rapid Crytal, Rekord t, Active , Award , King
Prid , Acetacel , Aceta , Echo 797 , Stona , Lift , Dhan Preet ,
Crop Pride , Sharp , Proud
Thiamethoxam 25WG Actara , Kri-Oxm , Battalion , Theme , King Tara , Maxima ,
Wonderex , Renova , Devitara , Maestro 707 , Maxtara , Giltara
, Click , Areva , Arrow , Actor
2. Synthetic pyrethroids
Bifenthrin 2.5 EC Superflex , Biflex TC
Bifenthrin 8 SC Relstar Plus ., Wilstar
Bifenthrin 10 EC Talst, Buland
Lambda cyhelothrin 5EC
3. Phenyl pyrazole
Fipronil 5SC Regent SC , Ruler , Stargazette , Sonic Flo ,
Devigent Plus , Fipro King , Vizent , Sonic Flo , Rabid

[Link]

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Abamectin 1.9 EC Vertimec , Tagmec

Milbemectin 1EC Milbeknock
Emamectin benzoate5SG Proclaim , Missile , Emstar 5 , Starclaim ,
Robot , Spolit , Empower , Tatkal , Wegon, EM-1 , Xplode ,
Benzer ,
5. Diamide
Chlorantaniliprole 20SC Rynaxypyr, Coragen
Chlorantaniliprole
Cosko, Coragen,
18.5SC
Cover Liq
Flubendiamide 39.35 SC Fame , Superzite , Voter
6. Benzoylureas
Nuvaluron 10EC Remostar , Pedestal
Buprofenzin 25 SC Jawaa , Flotis , Trust , Irvy , Devifezin , Buprostar , Hillblaze ,
PI Bupro , Applaud , Braun 111 , Apple , Phentom
7. Organophosphorous
Ethion 50EC Tafethion , Krithion , Mit-505 , Mitkill , King Mite , Fosmite ,
Deviastra , Vithion , Fighter , Sumite , Hilmite , Shakti Acaron,
Dhanumit
Profenofos50EC Curacron , Celcron , Jashn , Kriphos , Proven , King Cron ,
Carina , Devi-soldier, Banjo , Maxcron , Jashn ,

Oxydemeton methyl 25 Metasystox

EC
B. Acaricide
Tetranoic acid
derivatives Oberon , Voltage
Spiromesifen 22.9 SC
Diphenyloxazole Borneo ,
Etoxazole 10.00 SC
Pyrazole
Tebufenpyrad 20WP Pyranica,Karia

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Sulfite ester Omite , Simbaa

Propargite 57.00 EC
C. Rodenticide
Zinc Phosphide 80.00% Ratox, Ratol, Commando ,
Powder
Bromadiolone 00.25 CB Kalrat CB , Ratcon CB
Bromadiolone 00.005 RB [Link] , Racumin Sure
Aluminum Phosphide Celphos , Quickphos ,Phostoxin
56.00% 3g Tablet, 10g
Pouch
D. Biopesticide
Bacillus thuringiensis var. Delfin, Halt
kurstaki

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APPENDIX V
Technical and Trade Names of Fungicides/Antibiotics/Plant Products/
Antagonists

Technical name Trade name and formulation

A. Inorganic copper compounds
Copper oxychloride Akomin, Blitox-50, Fytolan, Kilex, Fycop,
Nagcoper, Dhanucop, Fycop, Blue Copper 50,
COC 50WP, Copsaan, Coprex, Copsin,
Cupravit, Hondacop
B. Elemental inorganic sulphur compounds
Wettable sulphur Hexasul, Thiovit, Sulfex, Akrisulf, Appu,
Cosavet-DF, Microsulf, Mitex S, Pesto Sulfur
80WP, Sulfasaan, Sulphur 85WP
C. Systemic fungicide
Carboxin Vitavax, Hiltavax
Edifenphos Hinosan
Pyroquilon Fongoren
Tricyclazole Beam, Trooper
Propiconazole Tilt, Radar
IBP Kitazin 50 EC
Hexaconazole Sitara, Hexazole, Montaf, Contaf
Propineb Antracol
D. Antibiotics
Streptomycin sulphate Streptocycline +Tetracycline
Hydroxyquinoline Entakon-M
E. Fungal antibiotics
Validamycin Sheathmar
K. Plant derived products
Neem products Achook, Neemazal, Neem Gold, Nimin
Cymbopogon product Wanis
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L. Antagonists
Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofor-PF (Jaiva Kiran), based product
Pseudocon
Trichoderma spp. based Bicure F, Trich-X-P, Viricon-L, products
Bioderma, Trichostar

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APPENDIX VI
Technical and Trade Names of Herbicides

Technical name Trade name and formulation

Fluchloralin Basalin
Isoproturon Graminon, Arelon, Taurus, Delron,
Agrolon,Avonil, Bilron 75WP, Dararon 75WP, Dhar, Gold
Medal, Haragron 75, Hilproturon 75WP, Iso 50, Isocin,
Isof\guard 75WP, Isokil 75, Isomol 750, Isopar, Isoveer, Isovip,
Nocilon 75
Methabenzthiazuron Tribunil
Pretilachlor Rifit
Anilofos Arozin,Aninoguard,Anilokil 30,
Anilotaf,Anilveer, Avail 30EC, Dhanumon, Sardar Guard,
Strong 30EC, Surya, Weedonil

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APPENDIX VII
Technical and Trades Names of Micronutrient formulation

Technical Name Trade name and formulation

Micronutrient formulation Tracel, Agromin, Borax Sulphate, Zinc Sulphate

APPENDIX VIII A
Conversion Table (Nutrient-Fertilizer)

1 Kg N 2.17 Kg Urea
1 Kg P2O5 6.25 Kg SSP
1 Kg K2O 1.66 Kg MOP
1 Kg DAP 2.875 Kg SSP and 400 g
Urea 1 Kg N + 1 Kg P + 1 Kg K 6.66 Kg Sulphala (15-15-15)

APPENDIX VIII B
Conversion Table (Area)

1 hectare =7.5 bigha =10,000 sq.m

1 katha =0.2 bigha =267 sq.m

1 bigha =0.13 hectare =5 katha

=1333 sq.m

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APPENDIX IX

Micro Preparation and Measurements for Agrochemicals Micro Preparation

1 milligram of substance in 1 liter of water = 1 parts per million (ppm) solution
Measurements for agrochemicals
1 tea spoonful of liquid chemical = 5 ml (approx.)
1 matchbox full of powdered chemical = 7-9 g (approx.)

APPENDIX X

Pesticide calculation formulae

RR × A
× 100
1) Pesticide required = ——————————
% a.i.
Where-RR = Recommended rate
A = Area in ha
% a.i. = Per cent active ingredient in the formulation

DC x 100
2) Milliliter of pesticide to be mixed per liter of water = ———————
% a.i.
Where-DC = Desired concentration (%)
% a.i. = Per cent active ingredient in the formulation

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APPENDIX XI
Ready recokner for milliliter or grams of a commercial pesticide to be added to
one liter of water in order to obtain the required concentration of spray solution
Toxicant
in the Concentration (%) of the spray solution required
pesticide(%)

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

10 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

15 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67 3.33 4.00 4.67 5.33 6.00 6.67 13.33 20.00 26.67 33.33

20 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

25 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.40 2.80 3.20 3.60 4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00

30 0.33 0.67 1.00 1.33 1.67 2.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.33 6.60 9.90 13.33 16.67

45 0.22 0.44 0.89 0.88 1.11 1.33 1.56 1.78 2.00 2.22 4.44 6.66 8.89 11.11

50 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00

55 0.18 0.36 0.55 0.73 0.93 1.10 1.27 1.45 1.64 1.81 3.64 5.45 7.27 9.09

60 0.17 0.33 0.50 0.67 0.83 1.00 1.17 1.33 1.50 1.67 3.33 5.00 6.67 8.33

65 0.15 0.31 0.46 0.61 0.77 0.92 1.08 1.23 1.38 1.54 3.08 4.62 6.15 7.69

70 0.14 0.29 0.43 0.57 0.71 0.86 1.00 1.14 1.28 1.42 2.85 4.28 5.71 7.14

75 0.13 0.27 0.41 0.53 0.67 0.80 0.93 1.07 1.20 1.33 2.67 4.00 5.33 6.67

80 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.50 0.63 0.75 0.89 1.00 1.13 1.25 2.50 3.75 5.00 6.25

85 0.12 0.24 0.35 0.47 0.59 0.71 0.82 0.94 1.06 1.18 2.35 3.53 4.71 5.88

90 0.11 0.22 0.33 0.44 0.56 0.67 0.78 0.89 1.00 1.11 2.22 3.33 4.44 5.55

95 0.11 0.21 0.32 0.42 0.53 0.63 0.74 0.84 0.95 1.05 2.11 3.16 4.21 5.26

100 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

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APPENDIX XII A
Pesticides banned for manufacture, import and use in India

Source: Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee, Directorate of Plant

Protection, Quarantine & Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, Faridabad
(Web site: [Link]

A. Insecticides/ Acaricides/ Rodenticides

1. Aldicarb
2. Aldrin
3. Benzene Hexachloride
4. Calcium Cyanide
5. Carbaryl
6. Chlorbenzilate
7. Chlordane
8. Chlorofenvinphos
9. Copper Aceto arsenite
10. Diazinon
11. Dieldrin
12. Endosulfron (vide ad-Interim order of the Supreme Court of India in the Writ Petition
(Civil) No. 213 of 2011 dated 13th May, 2011 and finally disposed of dated 10th January,
2017)
13. Endrin
14. Ethyl Parathion
15. Ethylene Dibromide
16. Fenthion
17. Heptachlor
18. Lindane (Gamma-HCH)
19. Maleic Hydrazide
20. Menazon
21. Methyl Parathion
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22. Metoxuron
23. Pentachlorophenol
24. Phenyl Mercury Acetate
25. Sodium Cyanide ( banned for Insecticidal purpose only vide S.O 3951(E) dated 8th
August, 2018)
26. Tetradifon
27. Thiometon
28. Toxaphene(Camphechlor)
29. Trichloro acetic acid (TCA)
B. Fungicides
1. Ethyl Mercury Chloride
2. Pentachloro Nitrobenzene (PCNB)
3. Fenarimol
4. Tridemorph
5. Methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride
6. Benomyl
C. Herbicides
1. Nitrofen
2. Paraquat di-methyl sulphate
3. Metoxuron
4. Linuron
5. Sodium Methane assonate
D. Nematicides
1. Aldicarb
2. Diazinon
3. Dibromochloropropane
4. Ethylene Dibromide
E. Others (Growth regulators)
1. Maleic hydrazide
2. Trichloroacetic acid

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APPENDIX XII B
Pesticides/ pesticide formulations banned for use but their
manufacture is allowed for export

A. Insecticides/ Acaricides/ Rodenticides

1. Nicotin Sulfate
B. Fungicide
2. Captafol 80% Powder

APPENDIX XII C
Pesticides withdrawn

A. Insecticides/ Acaricides/ Rodenticides

1. Formothion
2. Nickel Chloride
3. Paradichlorobenzene (PDCB)
4. Warfarin
B. Fungicides
1. Ferbam
C. Herbicides
1. Dalapon
2. Simazine
3. Sirmate

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APPENDIX XII D
Pesticides restricted for use in India

A. Insecticides/ Acaricides/ Rodenticides

1. Aluminium Phosphide (The Pest Control Operations withAluminium Phosphide may
be undertaken only by Govt./Govt. undertakings / Govt. Organizations / pest control
operators under the strict supervision of Govt. Experts or experts whose expertise is
approved by the Plant Protection Advisor to Govt. of India except 1Aluminium
Phosphide 15 % 12 g tablet and 2Aluminum Phosphide 6 % tablet.)
2. Cypermethrin (Cypermethrin 3 % Smoke Generator is to be used only through Pest
Control Operators and not allowed to be used by the General Public.
3. Diazinon (Diazinon is banned for use in agriculture except for household use.)
4. Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) (The use of DDT for the domestic Public
Health Programme is restricted up to 10,000 Metric Tonnes per annum, except in case
of any major outbreak of epidemic. M/s Hindustan Insecticides Ltd., the sole
manufacturer of DDT in the country may manufacture DDT for export to other
countries for use in vector control for public health purpose.)
5. Fenitrothion (The use of Fenitrothion is banned in Agriculture except for locust control
in scheduled desert area and public health.)
6. Fenthion (The use of Fenthion is banned in Agriculture except for locust control,
household and public health.)
7. Methyl Parathion (Methyl Parathion 50 EC and 2% DP formulations are banned for
use on fruits and vegetables.)
8. Monocrotophos (Monocrotophos is banned for use on vegetables.)
B. Fungicides
1. Captafol (The use of Captafol as foliar spray is banned. Captafol shall be used only as
seed dresser. The manufacture of Captafol 80 % powder for dry seed treatment (DS) is
banned for use in the country except manufacture for export.)
2. Dazomet (The use of Dazomet is not permitted on Tea.)
3. Methoxy Ethyl Mercuric Chloride (MEMC) (The use of MEMC is banned
completely except for seed treatment of potato and sugarcane.)
C. Herbicides
1. Dazomet (the use of Dazomet is not permitted in tea)

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2. Methyl bromide (under strict supervision of experts in non crop situation)

3. Trifluralin (only in wheat but not to be used near the water basin)
D. Nematicides
1. Dazomet (The use of Dazomet is not permitted on Tea)
2. Diazinon (Diazinon is banned for use in agriculture except for household use)
3. Methyl Bromide (Methyl Bromide may be used onlyby Govt./Govt. undertakings/
Govt. Organizations / Pest control operators under the strict supervision of Govt.
Experts or Experts whose expertise is approved by the Plant Protection Advisor to Govt.
of India.)

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APPENDIX XII E
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE
(Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)
(CG-DL-E-16022023-243654)
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 2nd February, 2023
List of Prohibited Insecticides
SN Name of insecticide Decision of Central Government

1 Dicofol The registration, import, manufacture, formulation, transport, sale is

prohibited and its use is completely banned from the date of
publication of this order.
2 Dinocap The registration, import, manufacture, formulation, transport, sale is
prohibited and its use is completely banned from the date of
publication of this order.
3 Methomyl The registration, import, manufacture, formulation, transport, sale is
prohibited and its use is completely banned from the date of
publication of this order.
Names of crops to be omitted from approved usage

1 Carbofuran All other formulations of Carbofuran except Carbofuran three percent

Encapsulated granule (CG) along with the crop labels may be stopped
from use.
2 Malathion Sorghum, Pea, Soybean, Castor, Sunflower, Bhindi, Brinjal,
Cauliflower, Radish, Turnip, Tomato, Apple, Mango and Grape.
3 Monocrotophos All other formulations of this pesticide except Monocrotophos fifteen
percent Water soluble granules (SG) may be stopped from use in
respective label crops.
4 Quinalphos Jute, Cardamom and Sorghum.
5 Mancozeb Guava, Jowar and Tapioca.
6 Oxyfluorfen Potato and Groundnut

7 Dimethoate Label deletion of fruits and vegetables that are consumed as raw food
items.
8 Chlorpyriphos Ber, Citrus and Tobacco.

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APPENDIX XIII
Pest Management Rating of Commonly Used Insecticides

Insecticide Mammalian Non-target Toxicity rating Environmental Overall

Toxicity Persistence Rating
Fish Bird Bee Average
rating rating

Azinphos-methyl 4 3 2 4 3.0 3 10.0

Bt 1 1 1 1 1.0 31 3.0

Carbaryl 2 1 1 4 2.0 2 6.0

Carbofuran 5 2 5 5 4.0 3 12.0

Carbophenothin 4 2 4 4 3.3 2 9.3

Chlorpyriphos 3 3 3 5 3.7 3 9.7

Cryolite 1 1 1 2 1.3 4 7.3

Demeton 5 2 5 2 3.0 2 10.0

Diazinon 3 2 5 4 3.7 3 9.7

Dicofol 2 1 2 1 1.3 4 7.3

Dischlorvos - Toxic - Toxic

Diflunenzuron 1 1 1 4 2.0 4 7.0

Dimethoate 3 1 4 5 3.3 2 8.3

Endosulfan 4 4 2 22.7 3 9.7

EPN 4 2 3 4 3.0 4 11.0

Ethion 3 2 3 - - 2 7.0

Fenvalerate, 2 4 2 5 3.7 2 7.7

Permethrin

Malathion 2 2 1 4 2.3 1 5.3

Methomyl 4 4 3 4 3.7 2 9.7

Methoprene 1 1 1 2 1.3 2 4.3

Methoxychlor 1 3 2 1 2.0 2 5.0

Mevinphos 5 3 5 4 4.0 1 10.0

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

Naled 2 2 3 4 3.0 1 6.0

Ovex 1 2 1 1 1.3 4 6.3

Oxydemeton 3 2 4 2 2.7 2 7.7

methyl

Phorate 5 4 5 2 3.7 3 11.7

Quinalphos - Safe - Toxic - -

Phosphamidon 4 1 5 3 3.0 2 9.0

Stirofos 1 4 1 4 3.0 1 5.0

TEPP 5 2 5 5 4.0 1 10.0

Trichlorfon 2 1 2 1 1.3 1 4.3

A. Lower the rating safer the insecticides.

B. The insecticides viz., endosulfan, phorate, stirofos, fenvalerate, methomyl are highly
toxic to fish; hence their use should be restricted in fish cum paddy culture.
C. Insecticides such as azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbufuran, carbophenothionm,
chloropyriphos, diazinonm, fenvalerate, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, mevinphos, EPN,
methomyl, malathion, naled, stirophos, TEPP, dichlorovos and quinalphos are highly
toxic to bees, hence their use should be restricted in the oilseeds, vegetables and fruit
orchards.
D. All insecticides mentioned in the list do not necessarily constitute our recommendation
and the rating is based on available literature.

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

APPENDIX-XIV(A)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Summer Green Gram
for Target Yield of 10 q/ha
Sl. No. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 175 9 100.5 10.56 12.33 8.11 1.4 1.6 1.1
2 177 11 105.5 10.05 10.93 6.66 1.3 1.5 0.9
3 179 13 110.5 9.54 9.54 5.21 1.3 1.3 0.7
4 181 15 115.5 9.03 8.14 3.76 1.2 1.1 0.5
5 183 17 120.5 8.52 6.75 2.31 1.1 0.9 0.3
6 185 19 125.5 8.02 5.36 0.86 1.1 0.7 0.1
7 187 21 130.5 7.51 3.96 0 1.0 0.5 0.0
8 189 23 135.5 7.00 2.57 0 0.9 0.3 0.0
9 191 25 140.5 6.49 1.17 0 0.9 0.2 0.0
10 193 27 145.5 5.98 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0
11 195 29 150.5 5.47 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0
12 197 31 155.5 4.96 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0

APPENDIX-XIV(B)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Summer Green Gram for
Target Yield of 12q/ha
Sl. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
No. Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 210 9 120.5 14.02 16.34 12.35 1.9 2.2 1.6
2 212 11 125.5 13.51 14.95 10.9 1.8 2.0 1.5
3 214 13 130.5 13.00 13.55 9.45 1.7 1.8 1.3
4 216 15 135.5 12.49 12.16 8.00 1.7 1.6 1.1
5 218 17 140.5 11.98 10.76 6.55 1.6 1.4 0.9
6 220 19 145.5 11.47 9.37 5.10 1.5 1.2 0.7
7 222 21 150.5 10.96 7.97 3.65 1.5 1.1 0.5
8 224 23 155.5 10.45 6.58 2.20 1.4 0.9 0.3
9 226 25 160.5 9.95 5.18 0.75 1.3 0.7 0.1
10 228 27 165.5 9.44 3.79 0 1.3 0.5 0.0
11 230 29 170.5 8.93 2.4 0 1.2 0.3 0.0
12 232 31 175.5 8.42 1 0 1.1 0.1 0.0

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

APPENDIX-XV(A)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Normal Sown
Rapeseed for Target Yield of 10 q/ha
[Link]. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 150 5.5 40 30.4 10.63 9.74 4.1 1.4 1.3
2 152 7.5 45 29.6 8.48 6.03 3.9 1.1 0.8
3 154 9.5 50 28.8 6.33 2.32 3.8 0.8 0.3
4 156 11.5 55 28.0 4.18 0.00 3.7 0.6 0.0
5 158 13.5 60 27.3 2.03 0.00 3.6 0.3 0.0
6 160 15.5 65 26.5 0 0 3.5 0.0 0.0
7 162 17.5 70 25.7 0 0 3.4 0.0 0.0
8 164 19.5 75 24.9 0 0 3.3 0.0 0.0
9 166 21.5 80 24.1 0 0 3.2 0.0 0.0
10 168 23.5 85 23.3 0 0 3.1 0.0 0.0
11 170 25.5 90 22.6 0 0 3.0 0.0 0.0
12 172 27.5 95 21.8 0 0 2.9 0.0 0.0

APPENDIX- XV(B)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Normal Sown
Rapeseed for Target Yield of 12 q/ha
[Link]. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 150 5.5 40 51.12 14.35 18.68 6.8 1.9 2.5
2 152 7.5 45 50.33 12.2 14.97 6.7 1.6 2.0
3 154 9.5 50 49.55 10.05 11.26 6.6 1.3 1.5
4 156 11.5 55 48.77 7.9 7.55 6.5 1.1 1.0
5 158 13.5 60 47.99 5.75 3.85 6.4 0.8 0.5
6 160 15.5 65 47.2 3.6 0.14 6.3 0.5 0.0
7 162 17.5 70 46.42 1.46 0 6.2 0.2 0.0
8 164 19.5 75 45.64 0 0 6.1 0.0 0.0
9 166 21.5 80 44.85 0 0 6.0 0.0 0.0
10 168 23.5 85 44.07 0 0 5.9 0.0 0.0
11 170 25.5 90 43.29 0 0 5.8 0.0 0.0
12 172 27.5 95 42.5 0 0 5.7 0.0 0.0

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

APPENDIX-XVI(A)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Late Sown Rapeseed
for Target Yield of 10 q/ha
Sl. No. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 150 5.5 60.5 32.34 41.1 37.5 4.3 5.5 5.0
2 152 7.5 65.5 31.8 34.83 33.59 4.2 4.6 4.5
3 154 9.5 70.5 31.27 28.56 29.69 4.2 3.8 4.0
4 156 11.5 75.5 30.74 22.29 25.79 4.1 3.0 3.4
5 158 13.5 80.5 30.21 16.03 21.88 4.0 2.1 2.9
6 160 15.5 85.5 29.67 9.76 17.98 4.0 1.3 2.4
7 162 17.5 90.5 29.14 3.49 14.07 3.9 0.5 1.9
8 164 19.5 95.5 46.03 9.03 29.02 6.1 1.2 3.9
9 166 21.5 100.5 45.50 2.76 25.11 6.1 0.4 3.3
10 168 23.5 105.5 44.96 0.00 21.21 6.0 0.0 2.8
11 170 25.5 110.5 44.43 0.00 17.31 5.9 0.0 2.3
12 172 27.5 115.5 43.90 0.00 13.40 5.9 0.0 1.8

APPENDIX-XVI(B)
Ready Reckoner for Fertilizer Recommendation for Late Sown Rapeseed
for Target Yield of 12 q/ha
Sl. No. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O N P2O5 K2 O
Kg/ha Kg/ha Kg/bigha
1 150 5.5 60.5 49.75 52.91 56.34 6.6 7.1 7.5
2 152 7.5 65.5 49.22 46.64 52.44 6.6 6.2 7.0
3 154 9.5 70.5 48.69 40.37 48.54 6.5 5.4 6.5
4 156 11.5 75.5 48.16 34.1 44.63 6.4 4.5 6.0
5 158 13.5 80.5 47.62 27.83 40.73 6.3 3.7 5.4
6 160 15.5 85.5 47.09 21.57 36.83 6.3 2.9 4.9
7 162 17.5 90.5 46.56 15.3 32.92 6.2 2.0 4.4
8 164 19.5 95.5 46.03 9.03 29.02 6.1 1.2 3.9
9 166 21.5 100.5 45.50 2.76 25.11 6.1 0.4 3.3
10 168 23.5 105.5 44.96 0.00 21.21 6.0 0.0 2.8
11 170 25.5 110.5 44.43 0.00 17.31 5.9 0.0 2.3
12 172 27.5 115.5 43.90 0.00 13.40 5.9 0.0 1.8

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

ANNEXURE XVI (A)

Ready reckoner for targeted yield of 60 q/ha hybrid rice without FYM

Sl. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O Urea SSP MOP

No. (kg/ha (kg (kg ---------------------------------Kg/ha------------------------
) P2O5/ha) K2O/ha) --------
1 250 18 180 58 37 44 130 231 73
2 252 20 185 57 32 38 127 199 64
3 254 22 190 56 27 32 123 166 54
4 256 24 195 54 21 27 120 134 45
5 258 26 200 53 16 21 117 102 35
6 260 28 205 51 11 15 113 70 26
7 262 30 210 50 6 10 110 38 16
8 264 32 215 48 1 4 107 6 6
9 266 34 220 47 0 0 103 0 0
10 268 36 225 45 0 0 100 0 0

ANNEXURE-XVI (B)
Ready reckoner for targeted yield of 60 q/ha hybrid rice with 5t FYM/ha

Sl. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O Urea SSP MO

No. (kg/ha) (kg (kg P
P2O5/ha) K2O/ha) -------------------------------Kg/ha---------------------------
--
1 250 18 180 42 31 29 93 196 49
2 252 20 185 40 26 24 90 164 40
3 254 22 190 39 21 18 87 132 30
4 256 24 195 37 16 12 83 100 20
5 258 26 200 36 11 7 80 67 11
6 260 28 205 34 6 1 77 35 1
7 262 30 210 33 1 0 73 3 0
8 264 32 215 31 0 0 70 0 0
9 266 34 220 30 0 0 67 0 0
10 268 36 225 29 0 0 63 0 0

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Package of practices for Rabi crops of Assam, 2023

APPENDIX-XVI(C)
Ready reckoner for targeted yield of 70 q/ha hybrid rice without FYM

Sl. STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O Urea SSP MOP

No. (kg/ha (kg (kg -----------------------------Kg/ha------------------------------
) P2O5/ha) K2O/ha) -----
1 250 18 180 99 51 86 221 317 143
2 252 20 185 98 46 80 217 285 133
3 254 22 190 96 41 74 214 253 124
4 256 24 195 95 35 68 211 221 114
5 258 26 200 93 30 63 207 189 105
6 260 28 205 92 25 57 204 157 95
7 262 30 210 90 20 51 201 125 85
8 264 32 215 89 15 46 198 92 76
9 266 34 220 87 10 40 194 60 66
10 268 36 225 86 4 34 191 28 57

APPENDIX-XVI(D)
Ready reckoner for targeted yield of 70 q/ha hybrid rice with 5t FYM/ha

Sl.N STV N STV P STV K N P2O5 K2 O Urea SSP MOP

o. (kg/ha) (kg (kg -----------------------------------Kg/ha--------------------------
P2O5/ha) K2O/ha) ------
1 250 18 180 83 45 71 184 283 119
2 252 20 185 81 40 65 181 251 109
3 254 22 190 80 35 60 177 218 100
4 256 24 195 78 30 54 174 186 90
5 258 26 200 77 25 48 171 154 80
6 260 28 205 75 20 43 167 122 71
7 262 30 210 74 14 37 164 90 61
8 264 32 215 72 9 31 161 58 52
9 266 34 220 71 4 25 157 26 42
10 268 36 225 69 0 20 154 0 33

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