International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 5(2): April- June 2017
ISSN 2347-8632 (Print) www.anvpublication.org
2454-2652 (Online)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A Pre Experimental Study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching
programme on knowledge and attitude regarding selected first aid
management among auto drivers in selected area at Madurai, Tamilnadu 2012
Mr. J.C. Frank
Assistant Professor, Bee Enn College of Nursing, Jammu
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
[email protected]ABSTRACT:
Throughout life a human being is faced with all kinds of the accidents / injuries internally and externally, which
may endanger the life of the individual. If these injuries / accidents are attended by a first aider immediately,
then residual effects fatality can be prevented. A Pre experimental research design was used to evaluate the
effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding first aid management. Purposive sampling technique
used to select 50 auto drivers for this study. The data was collected by using questionnaire and checklist
developed by the researcher. A planned teaching programme on first aid management was administered to the
auto drivers and was evaluated. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive
and inferential statistics and the findings showed that the majority 33 (66%) had adequate knowledge and 17
(34%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 40 (80%) had positive attitude and 10 (20%) had neutral attitude
after the post test. This study finding showed that the knowledge and attitude of the auto drivers increased after
the planned teaching programme. Karl Pearson test showed that there was a positive correlation (0.55) between
knowledge and attitude. There were no significant association between the post test level of knowledge and
attitude of auto drivers regarding first aid management with the selected demographic variables.
KEY WORDS: First Aid, Auto Drivers and Planned teaching programme.
INTRODUCTION: More than 50% of global mortality due to road traffic
As we are approaching the 21st century the need for accidents occur among young adults, aged 15 – 44.
“First aid” is necessary due to the alarming increase in These lives could be saved and disability minimized if
road traffic accidents, fire accidents, suicidal attempts the general public is aware how to give first aid. India
etc. The current statistics shows that globally over 20 has the highest number of road accidents in the world.
million people are injured or crippled and over one With over 150,000 deaths annually; the country has
million killed due to road traffic crashes each year. overtaken China. In India, the death toll rose to 14 per
Developing countries account for more than 85% of all hour in 2009 as opposed to 13 the previous year. The
fatalities and over 90% of disability adjusted life year total number of deaths every year due to road accidents
(DALYs) loss due to road traffic injuries. has now passed the 1, 35,000 marks. Auto rickshaws are
playing a vital role in the means of transportation,
Received on 28.12.2016 Modified on 01.01.2017 especially for school children. These auto drivers are
Accepted on 13.01.2017 © A&V Publications all right reserved used to fill the students more than the seating capacity
Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2017; 5(2):119-122. which leads to the many road accidents, injuries and
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2017.00026.9 death. For such a way driver should be adequately
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International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 5(2): April- June 2017
trained with emergency first aid measures for treating the OBJECTIVES:
victims in the road side. 1. To assess the existing knowledge and attitude on
first aid management among auto drivers.
Sara Elias (2010) conducted the quasi experimental 2. To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching
study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding first aid
programme regarding knowledge and practice of first aid management among auto drivers.
for road traffic accident victims among Bangalore 3. To find out the difference between post test
transport corporation drivers (50). The level of knowledge and attitude of auto drivers regarding first aid
knowledge was assessed by self administered management.
questionnaire and the level of practice was assessed by 4. To find the association between post test knowledge
modified 5 point likert scale. The study concluded that and attitude with selected demographic variables.
there was a significant improvement in knowledge and
practice of drivers in post test after structured teaching ASSUMPTIONS:
programme. Planned teaching programme will improve the
knowledge and promote a better attitude on first aid
Devan Prabhudoss J (2008) conducted the study to management among auto drivers.
assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge, attitude and skills first aid
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
management among rural youth in Vellore. The level of
Research approach:
knowledge, skills and attitude was assessed by the
The research approach used for this study is quantitative
structured interview schedule, observational check list
approach.
and attitude scale. Structured teaching programme
administered only to experimental group. After the
Research design:
teaching programme, there was a significant increase in
A Pre experimental research design was adopted for this
knowledge (76% adequate knowledge), skills (100%
study.
adequate skill) and attitude (97% favorable attitude)
among the experimental group. There was a positive
Target population:
correlation between knowledge and attitude among
The target population was auto drivers of Madurai
experimental group. But the control group had
Railway Junction, Tamilnadu.
inadequate knowledge and moderate attitude on first aid
management. This shows that the effectiveness of
Research setting:
structured teaching programme.
The study was conducted at Madurai Railway Junction
auto stand, Tamilnadu.
Goniewicz M.et al (2002) conducted the study on first
aid among the drivers in the city of Lublin. The
Sampling technique
questionnaire was given to 560 employees of local
In this study, samples were the auto drivers in Madurai
government institutions in the city of Lublin either
railway junction. The sample size for this study was
professional or non-professional drivers. The direct
arbitrarily determined to be 50. The purposive sampling
method and anonymous questionnaire were used. The
technique was used to select the samples..
results of the questionnaire revealed clearly that very few
drivers are well-prepared to give proper first aid at the
CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION:
accident site. No matter what sex, education or driving
Inclusion criteria:
experience, the drivers have not got enough skills to give
The auto drivers’ population who were:
first aid and the effect is enhanced by various
Between 20-50 years.
psychological barriers
Available at the time of data collection.
Sosada K (2002) conducted a study to evaluate the Able to understand Tamil or English.
knowledge of teachers and high school students in Willing to participate in the study.
Silesia on the principles of first aid. The study revealed
that 7 students achieved an excellent result, 57 had good Exclusion criteria:
result and 168 had inadequate level of knowledge. None The auto drivers’ population who were
of teachers achieved an excellent result, 11 teachers had Not working as a private auto driver.
a good result and 63 had inadequate level of knowledge, Not able to hear, understand and respond to the
which shows that the knowledge of secondary school conversation due to any effect.
students and teachers were insufficient to perform basic
life support.
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International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 5(2): April- June 2017
Variables: For the purpose of the study score was divided in to
Independent variable: 81 - 100% - Positive attitude
Planned teaching programme 61 – 80% - Neutral attitude
0 – 60 % - Negative attitude
Dependent variable:
Knowledge and attitude of auto drivers. PILOT STUDY:
The pilot study was conducted during the month of July
Tool and method of data collection: 2011 at Pasumalai, Madurai town among 10 auto drivers
Part I: to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching
It consists of 11 questions about demographic profile programme and to find out the feasibility of conducting
such as age, educational status, marital status, Income, the main study.
religion, experience, previous exposure to first aid
information, source of information, previous experience RELIABILITY OF THE TOOL:
about first aid and availability of first aid box in vehicle. Reliability was checked by split-half method. The Karl
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was computed and
Part II: the reliability was found as 0.9. so the tool was highly
A well structured questionnaire which consists of 30 reliable.
multiple choice questions regarding knowledge on first
aid management for selected conditions. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE:
Data was collected among auto drivers for a period of six
Part III: weeks. Purpose of the study was explained to the auto
It consists of checklist to assess the attitude regarding stand authorities. Purposive sampling technique was
first aid management among auto drivers. It consists of used for collecting samples. The sample size includes 50
10 statements with 5 point Likert scale. auto drivers. The investigator approached the concerned
authorities of auto stand and Tami Nadu consumer
SCORING PROCEDURE: protection centre and NANBAN Trust for a convenient
Part II: date and time for conducting the planned teaching
The questions were of multiple choice formats. The programme. The auto drivers were gathered in Tamil
multiple choice questions has one right answer, which Nadu consumer protection centre, Madurai Railway
was allotted a score of “one” for right answer and wrong Junction and the teaching program was administered
answer was given the score of “zero”. The total after the needed explanation. The post test was
attainable score in the knowledge questionnaire was 30. administered to the same group with same structured
The knowledge score was classified as follows questionnaire after one week of the planned teaching
0 – 50% - Inadequate knowledge programme.
51 – 75% - Moderate knowledge
76 – 100% - Adequate knowledge PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS:
Research proposal was approved by the dissertation
Part – III: committee of C.S.I.Jeyaraj Annapackiam College of
It includes statements on attitude among auto drivers Nursing, Paumalai, Madurai. Prior to the pilot and the
regarding first aid management. There are totally 10 main study, permission was sought from the head of the
statements. The items will be measured on a 5 point Community health nursing department. A formal consent
Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. was obtained from the respondents of the study (auto
The maximum score for measuring attitude of auto drivers) before administering the questionnaire.
drivers was 50.
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:
Attitude score was interpreted as follows, The data was analyzed in terms of the objectives of the
Strongly Agree Un- Dis- Strongly study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The
Agree certain agree disagree plan of data analysis was follows
Positive 5 4 3 2 1
Statement 1. Organize the data in a master data sheet
Negative 1 2 3 4 5 2. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to
Statement analyze the demographic data for auto drivers.
3. Frequency and percentage distribution were used to
assess the level of knowledge and attitude of first aid
management among auto drivers.
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International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management 5(2): April- June 2017
4. Mean, mean percentage, standard deviation and ‘t’ 5. Gail M (2006), Getting at CPR, New AHA guidelines emphasize
test were used to assess and compare the pretest and basic life support, American Journal Of Nursing, 106 (2), 19.
6. Margaret. G, (1994) first aid emergency care from
posttest knowledge and attitude www.medicfirst aid.com
5. Correlation of post test knowledge and attitude
measured through Karl Pearson formula
6. Chi-square test was used to determine the
association between the knowledge and attitude level of
auto drivers with selected demographic variables.
MAJOR FINDINGS:
1. The study revealed that all auto drivers 50 (100%)
had inadequate knowledge regarding first aid in pre test.
In post test 33 (66%) drivers had adequate knowledge
and 17 (34%) drivers had moderate knowledge regarding
first aid.
2. The study revealed that 35(70%) auto drivers had
negative attitude and 15(30%) had neutral attitude
regarding first aid in pre test. In post test 45 (90%) had
positive attitude and 5 (10%) drivers had neutral attitude
regarding first aid.
3. The obtained “t” value for knowledge (30.65) was
found to be highly significant at the level of p < 0.05. It
is inferred that the auto drivers exposed to the planned
teaching programme had significant increase in post test
knowledge.
4. The obtained‘t’ value for attitude (17.5) was found
to be highly significant at the level of p < 0.05. It is
inferred that the auto drivers exposed to the planned
teaching programme had significant increase in post test
Attitude.
5. The obtained knowledge mean score was 45.36 with
a standard deviation of 5.7 and obtained attitude mean
score was 43.3 with standard deviation of 3.8. The ‘r’
value was 0.55 (p<0.05) which was positive relationship
between post test knowledge and attitude
6. There was no significant association between
knowledge and attitude with selected demographic
variables like age, educational status, marital status,
experience, income, prior information about first aid,
previous experience about first aid management and
availability of first aid box in vehicle.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
My study is dedicated to My guide Dr. John Sam Arun
Prabhu, H.O.D of community department, C.S.I.JACON
and my family members.
REFRENCES:
1. Andrew, K. (1992), First aid manual St. Andrew’s Ambulance
Association and the British Redcross, London.
2. Gupta (2000), Manual of first aid management, London, (1st ed.),
Lippincott publishers.
3. Akpek EA (2003), Knowledge of basic life support: a pilot study
of Turkish Population by Baskest University In Ankara,
Nightingale Nursing Times, 58(2) 187-192.
4. Anne Covell (2005), Raising Awareness of the Issues
Surrounding Heart Failure, Nursing Times, 101 (7), 28-29.
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