1)OCEAN – An ocean is continuous body of salt water that is
Contained in an enormous basin on Earth’s surface.
- The major oceans and their marginal seas cover
nearly 71 percent of Earth’s surface, with an average
depth. Of 3,688 meters ( 12,100 feet)
- Oceans hold about 96 percent of Earth water supply
DID YOU KNOW
. The average salinity of ocean water is about 35g per kg.
So ocean water contains about 3.5% dissolved salts.
The ocean is divided into five main regions
1.) Pacific ocean
2.) Atlantic ocean
3.) India ocean
4.) Antartic ocean
5.) Arctic ocean
2)SEA - A Sea is a large body of saltwater, usually considered a small
Division of the ocean that is partially or fully enclosed by land.
- Meaning it’s located near continents and often bordered
By land masses, making it distinct from the vast open
ocean, essentially, a sea is a section of the ocean that is
partly surrounded by land.
Examples of sea
The Mediterranean Sea
The Caribbean Sea
The North Sea
The Black Sea
Interesting fact- Sea’s are smaller than oceans and are usually
located where the land and ocean meet.
3) LAKE – A lake is a large body of water that is surrounded by land.
Lakes can be fresh or salty, and they can vary in size and depth.
There are millions of lakes in the world. They are found on
Every continent and in every kind of environment.
- In mountains and deserts, on plains, and near sea shores.
Lakes vary greatly in size.
2 types of lakes
Natural lakes – are formed by glaciers, or rivers.
Artificial lakes – like ponds or reservoirs, are made by humans.
Examples of Lakes
Laguna de bay - Laguna and Rizal
Lake Lanao - Lanao del Sur
Taal Lake – Batangas
Lake Mainit – Surigao del Norte - Agusan
4) RIVER - A River is a large body of freshwater that flows downhill due
to gravity.
- A river can be wide and deep, shallow enough for a
person to wade across. A flowing body of water that is
smaller than a river is called a stream, creek, or brook.
- They can be found in every continent and on nearly every
kind of a land
How Rivers form
Rivers form when precipitation runs off the land, melts
Glaciers or snow, or seeps from underground springs
Functions of rivers are used for irrigation in agriculture, allows us to
To drink water, and produce electricity
Examples of River
Nile River- Largest River in the world,
Length of about 4,132 miles
5) PONDS – A Pond is a small body of water that’s usually filled with
Freshwater and is surrounded by land. But occasionally
Which can vary in size.
- Between 1 square and 2 hectares (this can vary in size to
About 2.5 football pitches) and which holds water for four
Months of the year or more.
- Ponds can be natural or man-made, and they’re often
Shallow enough for sunlight to reach the bottom.
How are ponds formed?
Natural – Ponds can be formed by rivers, glaciers, trees falling over or animals
Artificial – Ponds can be created by humans by digging depressions in the ground and
Filling them with water.
6) FALLS - A waterfall, also known as a falls or cataract, is a place where
Water drops over a cliff or ledge into a pool below
- This happens both laterally and vertically (as the stream
drops in a waterfalls). In both cases, the soft rocks
erodes, leaving a hard ledge over which the stream falls.
This process is called differential erosion.
How waterfalls form
. A river flows over a top layer of resistant bedrock
. The river falls onto softer rock, which erodes faster
. The fall becomes increasingly high
. The rivers channel cuts so deep into the stream bed that only a harder
Rock remains
. The granite formations form cliffs and ledges
Types of waterfalls
. Plunge waterfall- Falls vertically without touching the cliff face
. Cascade waterfall- Has s gentle, slow fall
. Block waterfall – water falls directly over a ledge with huge force
Examples of famous waterfalls
. Niagara falls is one of the world’s most well-known falls
. Victoria falls
. Alfonso falls
