FLUID MECHANICS

1
1. A ball made up of a cork material of relative density , is dropped from rest from a
2

height 20 m into a lake. Neglecting all dissipative forces, calculate the maximum depth
to which the body sinks before returning to float on the surface (poission ratio is zero)
(A) 10 m (B) 40 m (C) 20 m (D) 5 m
2. When at rest a liquid stands at the same level in the tubes shown in figure. But as
indicated a height difference h occurs when the system is given an acceleration a
towards the right. Here h is equal to

aL gL gL aL
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2g 2a a g

3. A container of cross-section area A resting on a horizontal surface, holds two

immiscible and incompressible liquids of densities ρ and 2ρ as shown in figure. The
lower density liquid is open to the atmosphere having pressure P0 . The pressure at the
bottom of the container is

(A) 3 hρg − P0 (B) 3 hρg (C) 3 hρg + P0 (D) 2 hρg + P0

4. The cross-sections of a pipe at two points A and B are in the ratio 1: 4. If the speed of
water flowing through the pipe at point A is v, its speed at point B is
v v
(A) 4v (B) (C) 2v (D)
4 2

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 FLUID MECHANICS
5. In the figure shown below, a fluid of density 2 × 103 kg m−3 is flowing in a horizontal
pipe. The speed of water at point A is 4 cm s −1 , what is its speed at point B?

(A) 3 cm s −1 (B) 22.72 cm s −1 (C) 6 cm s −1 (D) 60 cm s −1

6. An open water tank has an orifice 10 cm below the surface of water. If there is no loss
of energy, then what is the speed of efflux? (Take g = 10 m s −2 )
(A) 1.414 m s −1 (B) 2.5 m s −1 (C) 6.32 m s −1 (D) 3.7 m s −1
7. A cubical box of wine has a small spout located in one of the bottom corners. When the
box is full and placed on a level surface, opening the spout results in a flow of wine
with a speed of v0 . When the box is half empty, someone lifts it at 45∘ so that the spout
is at the lowest point. When the spout is opened, the wine flow out with a speed of
v0 v0 v
(A) v0 (B) (C) (D) 4 0
2 √2 √2

8. A vessel is filled with two different liquids of densities ρ and 2ρ respectively as shown
h
in the figure. The velocity of flow of liquid through a hole at height from bottom is
2

1
(A) √2gh (B) √3hg (C) √3hg (D) 2√2hg
2

9. Water rises to a height h when a capillary of radius r is dipped in water. For another
capillary of radius 2r dipped in water, it rises to the height
h h
(A) h (B) 2h (C) (D)
4 2

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 FLUID MECHANICS
10. A spherical drop of water has 2.5 mm radius. If the surface tension of water is
70 × 10−3 N m−1 , then the excess pressure inside the drop is
(A) 70 N m−2 (B) 56 N m−2 (C) 35 N m−2 (D) 48 N m−2
11. The pressure inside an air bubble of radius 2 cm formed 20 cm below an open water
surface is (Given surface tension of water = 70 × 10−3 Nm−1 )
(A) 0.3 × 105 Nm−2 (B) 0.2 × 105 Nm−2
(C) 2.03 × 105 Nm−2 (D) 1.03 × 105 Nm−2
L L r r
12. Three capillaries of length L, and are connected in a series. Their radii are r, and
2 3 2 3

respectively. If a streamlined flow is to be maintained and pressure difference across the

first capillary is p, then the pressure difference across the second capillary will be
p
(A) 2p (B) 8p (C) p (D)
2

13. The work done to break a spherical drop of radius R in n drops of equal size is
proportional to
1 1
(A) −1 (B) −1 (C) n1/3 − 1 (D) n4/3 − 1
n2/3 n1/3

14. If Q is the rate of flow of liquid through a capillary tube of length 𝑙 and radius r at
r
constant pressure P, then the rate of flow of liquid through a capillary tube of radius
3

and length 2l at same pressure head is

Q Q Q Q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
162 32 64 81

15. When a drop of liquid splits upto a number of drops,

(A) Volume increases and energy is liberated
(B) Area increases and energy is liberated
(C) Area decreases and energy is absorbed
(D) Area increases and energy is absorbed
16. Eight raindrops each of radius R fall through air with terminal velocity 6 cm s −1 . What
is the terminal velocity of the bigger drop formed by coalescing these drops together?
(A) 18 cm s −1 (B) 24 cm s −1 (3) 15 cm s −1 (4) 20 cm s −1

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 FLUID MECHANICS
17. A sphere of radius r is dropped in a liquid from its surface. Which of the following
graphs is/are correct?

(A) (i) & (iii) (B) (ii) & (iv)

(C) (i), (i) & (iii) (D) All of these
18. The piston is taken completely out of the cylinder. The hole at
the top is sealed. A water tank is brought below the cylinder
and put in a position so that the water surface in the tank is at
the same level as the top of the cylinder as shown in the figure.
The density of the water is ρ. In equilibrium, the height H of
the water column in the cylinder satisfies
(A) ρg(L0 − H)2 + P0 (L0 − H) + L0 P0 = 0
(B) ρg(L0 − H)2 − P0 (L0 − H) − L0 P0 = 0
(C) ρg(L0 − H)2 + P0 (L0 − H) − L0 P0 = 0
(D) ρg(L0 − H)2 − P0 (L0 − H) + L0 P0 = 0
19. A fully loaded boeing aircraft has a mass of 5.4 × 105 kg . Its total wing area is
500 m2 . It is in level flight with a speed of 1080 km/h. If the density of air ρ is
1.2 kg m−3 , the fractional increase in the speed of the air on the upper surface of the
wing relative to the lower surface in percentage will be (g = 10 m/s2 )
(A) 16 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
20. The height of liquid column raised in a capillary tube of certain radius when dipped in
liquid A vertically is, 5 cm. If the tube is dipped in a similar manner in another liquid B
of surface tension and density double the values of liquid A, the height of liquid column
raised in liquid B would be m.
(A) 0.20 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.05 (D) 0.10
21. A drop of liquid of density ρ is floating half immersed in a liquid of density σ and
surface tension 7.5 × 10−4 Ncm−1 . The radius of drop in cm will be :
(Take : g = 10 m/s2 )
15 15 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
√2ρ−σ √ρ−σ 2√ρ−σ 20√2ρ−σ

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 FLUID MECHANICS
22. Two cylindrical vessels of equal cross-sectional area 16 cm2 contain water upto heights
100 cm and 150 cm respectively. The vessels are interconnected so that the water
levels in them become equal. The work done by the force of gravity during the process,
is [Take density of water = 103 kg/m3 and g = 10 ms −2 ]
(A) 0.25 J (B) 1 J (C) 8 J (D) 12 J
23. A pressure-pump has a horizontal tube of cross-sectional area 10 cm2 for the outflow
of water at a speed of 20 m/s. The force exerted on the vertical wall just in front of the
tube which stops water horizontally flowing out of the tube, is:
[given : density of water = 1000 kg/m3 ]
(A) 300 N (B) 500 N (C) 250 N (D) 400 N
24. Consider a cylindrical tank of radius 1 m is filled with water. The top surface of water
is at 15 m from the bottom of the cylinder. There is a hole on the wall of cylinder at a
height of 5 m from the bottom. A force of 5 × 105 N is applied an the top surface of
water using a piston. The speed of efflux from the hole will be :
(given atmospheric pressure PA = 1.01 × 105 Pa, density of water ρw = 1000 kg/m3
and gravitational acceleration g = 10 m/s2 )

(A) 11.6 m/s (B) 10.8 m/s (C) 17.8 m/s (D) 14.4 m/s
25. A cubical block of copper of side 10 cm is floating in a vessel containing mercury.
Water is poured into the vessel so that the copper block just gets submerged. The height
of water column is (ρHg = 13.6 g/cc, ρCu = 7.3 g/cc, ρwater = 1gm/cc)
(A) 1.25 cm (B) 2.5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) 7.5 cm

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 FLUID MECHANICS
26. A vessel contains oil (density = 0.8gm/cm3 ) over mercury (density = 13.6gm/cm3 ).
A uniform sphere floats with half its volume immersed in mercury and the other half in
oil. The density of the material of sphere in gm/cm3 is:
(A) 3.3 (B) 6.4 (C) 7.2 (D) 12.8
27. A light cylindrical tube ' T ' of length ℓ and radius ' r ' containing air is inverted in water
(density d). One end of the tube is open and the other is closed. A block 'B' of density
2d is kept on the tube as shown in the figure. The tube stays in equilibrium in the
position shown. (Assume the atmospheric pressure is to be P0 ). Pick up the correct
statement(s).

πr2 ℓ
(A) the volume of block B is
3
2πr2 ℓ
(B) the volume of block B is
3
ℓ
(C) the pressure of air trapped in the tube is P0 + dg (h + )
3
2ℓ
(D) the pressure of air trapped in the tube is P0 + dg (h + )
3

28. The velocity of the liquid coming out of a small hole of a large vessel containing two
different liquids of densities 2ρ and ρ as shown in figure is

(A) √6gh (B) 2√gh (C) 2√2gh (D) √gh

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 FLUID MECHANICS
29. A narrow tube completely filled with a liquid is lying on a series of cylinders as shown
in figure. Assuming no sliding between any surfaces, the value of acceleration of the
cylinders for which liquid will not come out of the tube from anywhere is given by

gH gH 2gH gH
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2L L L √2 L

30. An open tank 10 m long and 2 m deep is filled up to 1.5 m height of oil of specific
gravity 0.82 . The tank is uniformly accelerated along its length from rest to a speed of
20 m/sec horizontally. The shortest time in which the speed may be attained without
spilling any oil is: [g = 10 m/sec 2 ]
(A) 20sec. (B) 18sec. (C) 10sec. (D) 5sec.
31. A water drop of radius 1μm falls in a situation where the effect of buoyant force is
negligible. Coefficient of viscosity of air is 1.8 × 10−5 Nsm−2 and its density is
negligible as compared to that of water 106 gm−3 . Terminal velocity of the water drop
is: (Take acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms −2 )
(A) 145.4 × 10−6 ms−1 (B) 118.0 × 10−6 ms−1
(C) 132.6 × 10−6 ms−1 (D) 123.4 × 10−6 ms−1
32. A water drop of diameter cm is broken into 64 equal droplets. The surface tension of
water is 0.075 N/m. In this process the gain in surface energy will be :
(A) 2.8 × 10−4 J (B) 1.5 × 10−3 J
(C) 1.9 × 10−4 J (D) 9.4 × 10−5 J
33. When a ball is dropped into a lake from a height 4.9 m above the water level, it hits the
water with a velocity v and then sinks to the bottom with the constant velocity v. It
reaches the bottom of the lake 4.0 s after it is dropped. The approximate depth of the
lake is :
(A) 19.6 m (B) 29.4 m (C) 39.2 m (D) 73.5 m
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 FLUID MECHANICS
34. The velocity of a small ball of mass ' m ' and density d1 , when dropped in a container
filled with glycerine, becomes constant after some time. If the density of glycerine is
d2 , then the viscous force acting on the ball, will be :
d1 d2
(A) mg (1 − ) (B) mg (1 − )
d2 d1
d1 d2
(C) mg ( − 1) (D) mg ( − 1)
d2 d1
35. If ρ is the density and η is coefficient of viscosity of fluid which flows with a speed v in
the pipe of diameter d, the correct formula for Reynolds number R e is :
ηd ρv ρvd η
(A) R e = (B) R e = (C) R e = (D) R e =
ρv ηd η ρvd

36. Two soap bubbles of radii 2 cm and 3 cm are brought in contact. Find the radius of
curvature (in cm ) of the contact surface.
37. A large tank is filled with water (density = 103 kg/m3 ). A small hole is made at a
depth of 10 m below water surface. The range of water issuing out of the hole is R on
ground. What extra pressure (in atm) must be applied on the water surface so that the
range becomes 2R (Take 1 atm = 105 Pa and g = 10 m/s2 )
38. Equal volumes of two immiscible liquids of densities ρ and 2ρ are filled in a vessel as
shown in figure. Two small holes are punched at depth h/2 and 3h/2 from the surface
v 2
of lighter liquid. If v1 and v2 are the velocities of efflux at these two holes then ( 2) is
v1

39. A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume immersed in the liquid.
When the whole system accelerates upwards with a net acceleration of g/3 . The
3
fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will be . Find x.
x

40. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L, cross sectional are a A is immersed such that
it floats with its axis vertical at the liquid. Liquid interface with
length L/4 in the denser liquid as shown in the figure. The lower
density liquid is open to atmosphere having pressure P0 . Then
nd
density D of solid is given by .
4

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 FLUID MECHANICS
0.1
41. A drop of liquid of radius R = 10−2 m having surface tension S = Nm−1 divides
4π

itself into K identical drops. In this process the total change in the surface energy ΔU =
10−3 J. If K = 10α then the value of α is
42. A Spherical ball of radius 1 mm and density 10.5 g/cc is dropped in glycerine of
coefficient of viscosity 9.8 poise and density 1.5 g/cc. Viscous force on the ball when it
attains constant velocity is 3696 × 10−x N. The value of x is
22
(Given, g = 9.8 m/s2 and π = )
7

43. The velocity of upper layer of water in a river is 36kmh−1 . Shearing stress between
horizontal layers of water is 10−3 Nm−2 . Depth of the river is _____ m.
(Co-efficiency of viscosity of water is 10−2 Pa. s )
44. An ideal fluid of density 800kgm−3 , flows smoothly through a bent pipe (as shown in
a
figure) that tapers in cross-sectional area from a to . The pressure difference between
2

the wide and narrow sections of pipe is 4100 Pa. At wider section, the velocity of fluid
√x
is ms −1 for x = ______ (Given g = 10 m−2 ),
6

45. The area of cross-section of a large tank is 0.5 m2 . It has a narrow opening near the
bottom having area of cross-section 1 cm2 . A load of 25 kg is applied on the water at
the top in the tank. Neglecting the speed of water in the tank, the velocity of the water,
coming out of the opening at the time when the height of water level in the tank is
40 cm above the bottom, will be _____ cms −1 . [Take g = 10 ms −2 ]
46. A liquid of density 750kgm−3 flows smoothly through a horizontal pipe that tapers in
A1
crosssectional area from A1 = 1.2 × 10−2 m2 to A2 = . The pressure difference
2

between the wide and narrow sections of the pipe is 4500 Pa. The rate of flow of liquid
is × _______ 10−3 m3 s−1 .
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 FLUID MECHANICS
47. A spherical soap bubble of radius 3 cm is formed inside another spherical soap bubble
of radius 6 cm. If the internal pressure of the smaller bubble of radius 3 cm in the
above system is equal to the internal pressure of the another single soap bubble of
radius rcm. The value of r is _____ .
48. The diameter of an air bubble which was initially 2 mm , rises steadily through a
solution of density 1750 kg m−3 at the rate of 0.35cms−1 . The coefficient of viscosity
of the solution is ______ poise (in nearest integer). (the density of air is negligible).
49. The velocity of a small ball of mass 0.3 g and density 8 g/cc when dropped in a
container filled with glycerine becomes constant after some time. If the density of
glycerine is 1.3 g/cc, then the value of viscous force acting on the ball will be x ×
10−4 N, the value of x is ______ [use g = 10 m/s2 ]
50. A small solid ball is dropped from a height above the free surface of a liquid. It strikes
the surface of the liquid at t = 0 . The density of the material of the ball is 500 kg/m3
and that of liquid is 1000 kg/m3 . If the ball comes momentarily at rest at t = 2sec then
initial height of the ball from surface of liquid was (neglect viscosity) :

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 FLUID MECHANICS
ANSWER
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B
11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. C
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. 6 37. 3 38. 2 39. 6 40. 5
41. 6 42. 7 43. 100 44. 363 45. 300 46. 24 47. 2 48. 11 49. 25 50. 20

SOLUTIONS
1. From work energy theorem,

mg(h + 20) = ρl × V × g × h
ρl × V × g × h
h + 20 = = 2h
ρB × Vg
⇒ h = 20 m

2.
h
tan θ =
L
a
tan θ =
g
aL
h=
g
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 FLUID MECHANICS

3.
Pressure at bottom = P0 + ρhg + 2ρhg = P0 + 3ρhg
AA 1
4. Given that =
AB 4

According to the equation of continuity,

AA vA = AB vB
AA vA
⇒ = constant
AB vB
vA AB 4 v
⇒ = = ⇒ vB =
vB AA 1 4
5. According to Bemoulli's principle, for points at same horizontal level
1 1
PA + ρvA2 = PB + ρvB2
2 2
1 1
ρvB2 = (PA − PB ) + ρvA2 …..(i)
2 2

But, PA − PB = ρgh
1 2 1
⇒ ρvB = ρgh + ρvA2
2 2
⇒ vB2 = 2gh + vA2
g = 10 m s −2
vA = 4 cm s −1
= 0.04 m s −1
h = 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10−3 m
⇒ vB2 = 2 × 10 × 2.5 × 10−3 + (0.04)2 = 51.6 × 10−3
= 516 × 10−4 m2 /s2
⇒ vB = 22.72 × 10−2 m/s
= 22.72 cm/s

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 FLUID MECHANICS
6. vefflux = √2gh
h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Vefflux = √2 × 10 × 0.1 = √2 m s −1
= 1.414 m s −1

7.
v0 = √2gh = √2ga

a
v1 = √2g ×
√2
v0
v1 = 4
√2

Since x will be half the diagonal of one of the force.

a
⇒ x=
√2
8. Applying Bernoulli's equation between 1 and 2

h 1
P0 + hρg + × 2ρ × g + 0 = P0 + (2ρ)v 2
2 2
2hρg = ρv 2 ⇒ v = √2gh
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 FLUID MECHANICS
9. Rise of liquid in a capillary tube is given as
2Scos θ
h=
rρg
For a given liquid and the capillary tube of a given material, S, ρ and θ, remain the
same.
2Scos θ
⇒ hr = = constant
ρg
⇒ For the two tubes given
hr = h′ r ′
hr = h′ (2r) [r ′ = 2r is given]
h
⇒ h′ =
2
2S
10. Excess pressure inside a water drop =
R

Given, S = 70 × 10−3 N m−1

R = 2.5 mm
= 2.5 × 10−3 m
2×70×10−3
Excess of pressure = = 56 N m−2
2.5×10−3

11. The excess pressure inside a bubble formed inside a liquid is given by

2S
ΔP = Pi − P0 =
R
2S
⇒ Pi = Po +
R
In given case, Po = Pa + ρgh
= 1.01 × 105 N m−2 + (103 × 10 × 0.2)
= (1.01 × 105 + 0.02 × 105 )Nm−2
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 FLUID MECHANICS
5
= 1.03 × 10
2 × 70 × 10−3
5
⇒ Pi = 1.03 × 10 +
0.02
= 1.03 × 105 + 0.00007 × 105
≈ 1.03 × 105 N m−2
12. Since volume flow rate is same for three capillaries in series combination

Using Poiseuille's equation,

ΔP
or v = 8ηL Given P1 = P
πr4

P P2
So v = 8ηl = 8ηl
πr4 r 4
2×π( )
2

P 8ηl
⇒ P2 = ×
8ηl r 4
πr4 2π ( )
2

P2 = 8P
13. Volume will remain same
4 3 4
πR = n × πr 3
3 3
3
R3 R
⇒r = ⇒r= 1
n (n3 )

Work done = Change in surface energy

= S(n × 4πr 2 ) − S(4πR2 )
(S = Surface tension Surface energy = S × A)
4πR2 1
= S (n × 2 ) − S(4πR2 ) = S ⋅ 4πR2 [n3 − 1]
n3
1
So work done ∝ n3 − 1.
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 FLUID MECHANICS
π Pr4
14. Given, Q =
8 ηl

(Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length l and radius r)

r 4
πP( )
′ 3
Now, Q =
8η×2l
r
(Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length 2l and radius )
3

′
πPr 4
Q =
8ηl × 162
Q
Q′ =
162
15. When a drop of liquid splits into a number of drops
R
then r = 1
n3
4πR2
Final area = n × 4πr 2 = n × 2
n3
1
= n × 4πR2
3

1
= n3 (Initial area)
i.e., Area increases and in this process work is done so energy is absorbed.
1
w = 4πR2 S (n3 − 1)

So option (4) is correct.

2 R2
16. Terminal velocity vT = ( ρ − ρ′ ) g
9 η

For the given material and liquid

vT ∝ R2 (R = Radius of the raindrop)
When the eight raindrops combine together, let radius of new drop be R1
4 4
Then, πR31 = 8 × πR3
3 3

⇒ R1 = 2R
vT R 2
Thus =( )
vT1 R1

R 2
=( )
2R
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 FLUID MECHANICS
VT 1
=
VT1 4
⇒ VT1 = 4VT
=4×6
= 24 cm s −1 (Given VT = 6 cm s −1 )
mg−B−6πηr
17. a = ⇒ a = p − qv
m
dv
v t
⇒ ∫0 = ∫0 dt
p − qv
p − qv
⇒ ln ( ) = −qt
p
p
⇒ v = (1 − e−qt ) ⇒ Graph (i) is correct.
q
mg−B 1 m
Now, p = ∝ r∘, = ∝ r 2 (as m = ρV ⇒ m ∝ r 3 )
m q 6πηr

p
⇒ ∝ r2
q
⇒ Final velocity ∝ r 2 . Thus graph (iii) is correct.
Now, a = p − qv = p[1 − 1 + e−qt ] = pe−qt
⇒ Graph (ii) is correct.
dv
Also a = p − qv = v
dx
dv p
⇒ = − q = slope of v − x graph
dx v

Graph (iv) is correct.

18. Before dipping, pressure is atmospheric.
After dipping, as in figure, P = P0 + (L0 − H)ρg
Again using Pi Vi = Pt Vf
⇒ P0 L0 πR2 = [P0 + (L0 − H)ρg](L0 − H)πR2
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 FLUID MECHANICS
5
19. P2 A − P1 A = 5.4 × 10 × g
5.4 × 106
P2 − P1 = = 5.4 × 2 × 102 × 10 = 10.8 × 103
500
1 1
P2 + 0 + ρV22 = P1 + 0 + ρV12
2 2
1 1
P2 − P1 = ρ(V12 − V22 ) = ρ(V1 − V2 )(V1 + V2 )
2 2
1
10.8 × 103 = × 1.2( V1 − V2 ) × 2 × 3 × 102
2
10.8 × 10 = 3.6( V1 − V2 )
V1 − V2 = 30
V1 − V2 30
( ) × 100 = × 100 = 10%
V 300
2 Scos θ
20. h =
rρg

h1 S1 ρ2
∴ =
h2 S2 ρ1
5 1 2
= [ ] [ ] ⇒ h2 = 5 cm = 0.05 m
h2 2 1

21.
Boyant force + surace tension = mg
V
σ g + 2πRT = ρVg
2
(2ρ − σ) 4 3 4
2πRT = πR g; [V = πR3 ]
2 3 3

3
3T 3 × 7.5 × 10−2 N − m−1
R = ⇒R=√
(2ρ − σ)g (2p − σ) × 10

3 15
R= m= cm
20√(2ρ − σ) √2ρ − σ
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 FLUID MECHANICS

22.
h1 +h2
h= Now, W = Ui − Uf
2
h1 h2 h1 + h2
W = (ρAh1 )g + (ρAh2 )g − ρA(h1 + h2 )g ( )
2 2 4
ρAg 2 2
(h1 + h2 )2
W= [ h1 + h2 − ]
2 2
W=1J
23. F = ρav 2 = 103 × 10 × 10−4 × 20 × 20
F = 400
1
24. Apply Bernoulli's theorem between Piston and hole PA + ρgh = P0 + ρve2
2

Assuming there is no atmospheric pressure on piston

5 × 105 1
+ 103 × 10 × 10 = 1.01 × 105 + × 103 × ve2
π 2
ve = 17.8 m/s
25. Let h = height to of water column
then ρw gh + ρHg g(10 − h) = ρCu g10
⇒ h + 13.6(10 − h) = 73 ⇒ 63 = 12.6 h ⇒ h = 5 cm

26.
Weight = Buoyant force
V V
Vρm g = ρHg g + ρoil g
2 2
ρHg + ρoil 13.6 + 0.8 14.4
rm = = = = 7.2
2 2 2
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 FLUID MECHANICS
27. The free body diagram of block + tube inclusive of water is as shown below
Since the block + tube system shown in figure is in equilibrium

∴ Net weight of system = buoyant force

2ℓ
2dVg + πr 2 dg = (V + πr 2 ℓ)dg
3
πr2 ℓd πr2 ℓ
where V is the volume of block B ⇒ (2 d − d)V = or V =
3 3

The pressure of the air trapped inside the tube is same as pressure at point A in the
water as shown in figure.

ℓ
∴ P = P0 + (h + ) dg
3
28. Pressure at (A):

P1 = Patm + ρg(2 h)
Applying Bernoulli's theorum between points (A) and (2)
20
 FLUID MECHANICS
1
[Patm + 2ρgh] + ρg(2h) + (2ρ)(0)2
2
1
= Patm + (2ρ)g(0) + (2ρ)v 2
2
⇒ v = 2√gh
29. No sliding ⇒ pure rolling

Therefore, acceleration of the tube = 2a(since COM of cylinders are moving at 'a')
PA = Patm + ρ(2a)L ( From horizontal limb)
Also ; PA = Patm + ρgH( From vertical limb)
gH
⇒a=
2L
v
30. v = u + ax t, ax =
t

ax v 0.5 10×20
tan θ = = = (in triangle ABC) ⇒ t = = 20sec.
g tg 5 10

31.
4
6πηvt = πr 3 ρg
3
21
 FLUID MECHANICS
3
4 πr ρg
vt = ×
3 6πηr
4 πr 3 ρg 2 × 10−12 × 103 × 10
vt = × =
3 6πηr 9 × 1.8 × 10−5
= 123.4 × 10−6 m/s
32. d = 2 cm; r = 1 cm; T = 0.075
ΔSE = TΔA
= 0.075( Af − A1 )
Ai = 4πr 2
Af = 4πr02 × 64
By 2 volume conservation
4 3 4
πr = 64 ⋅ πr03
3 3
r
r0 =
4
r 2
Af = 4π ( ) ⋅ 64 = 16πr 2
4
= 0.075(12π(0.01)2 )
ΔSE = 0.075(16πr 2 − 4πr 2 )
= 2.8 × 10−4 J
33. V 2 = 2 × 9.8 × 4.9
V = 9.8 m/s
Depth = distance travelled in 3 seconds
= 9.8 × 3 = 29.4 m
34. FV = mg − FB
m
= mg − ( × d2 ) g
d1
d2
= mg (1 − )
d1
ρvd
35. Reynold's number is given by
η

22
 FLUID MECHANICS
4T 4T 4T
36. = −
r r1 r2
r1 r2
r=
r2 − r1
2×3
r= = 6 cm
1
37. From Bernoulli's theorem,
1 2
p + p0 = ρv + p0
2
1
ρgh = ρv12 ⇒ v = √2gh
2
R = vt
when extra pressure applied,

1
p + ρgh + p0 = ρv22 + p0
2
p
v22 = √2 ( + gh)
ρ

R 2 = v2 t
R 2 = 2R
v2 = 2v1

p
√2 ( + gh) = 2√2gh
ρ
p p
⇒ 2 ( + gh) = 4 × 2gh ⇒ + gh = 4gh
ρ ρ
p
= 3gh
ρ
p = 3ghρ = 3 × 103 × 10 × 10 = 3 × 105 = 3

23
 FLUID MECHANICS
2gh
38. v1 = √
2

For v2 applying Bernoullis' equation point fast inside & outside

h 1
P0 + ρgh + 2ρg × = P0 + ρv22
2 2
1
⇒ ρgh + ρgh = × 2 × ρv22
2
⇒ v2 = √2gh
v2 2 2gh
( ) = =2
v1 gh
v
39. ρg = σvg
2

ρ = 2σ …..(A)
When the container accelerated upward.

mg 4mg
v ′ rg = mg + =
3 3
⇒ v ′ ρg = 4 × σvg
24
 FLUID MECHANICS

v ′ 4σ
=
v ρ
4σ x
= =2= ⇒x=6
2σ 3
40. Force experience by bouyancy for due the liquid (d + 2d) & gravity
3 L
d × LAg + 2d × Ag = DLAg
4 4

5d
D=
4
nd
D= ⇒ n = 5v
4
41. Let radius of small drops = r.
4 3 4
πR = K πr 3
3 3
1
R = K3r …(i)
S(K4πr 2 − 4πR2 ) = 10−3
0.1 R2
4π (k 2 − R2 ) = 10−3
4π K3
25
 FLUID MECHANICS
1
R2 (K − 1) = 10−2
3

1
K 3 − 1 = 100
1
K 3 = 101
α
10 3 = 101
α≈6
42. When the ball attain terminal velocity
Fv = (mg − FB )(∵ a = 0)
= Vσb g − Vρℓ g
= Vg(σb − ρℓ )
4
= π(10−3 )3 × 9.8(10.5 − 1.5) × 103
3
= 3696 × 10−7 N
So, x = 7
Δvx
43. F = ηA
Δy

F Δvx
=η
A Δy
36 × 1000
⇒ 10−3 = 10−2 ×
h × 3600
36 × 1000
⇒ h = 10−2 × −3 = 100 m
10 × 3600
44. From continuity equation
a
av1 = v2
2
v2 = 2v1
From Bernoulli's theorem,
1 1
P1 + ρgh1 + ρv12 = P2 + ρgh2 + ρv22
2 2
v22 − v12
P1 − P2 = ρ [( ) + g(h2 − h1 )]
2

26
 FLUID MECHANICS
4v12 − v12
4100 = 800 [( ) + 10 × (0 − 1)]
2
41 3v12
+ 10 =
8 2
121 2
× = v12
8 3

I21 3
v1 = √ ×
4×3 3

√363
v1 = m/s
6
X = 363

45.
250 1
P0 + + ρg(40 × 10−2 ) = P0 + ρv 2
0.5 2
1000 × 10 × 40 1
500 + = × 1000 × v 2
100 2
V = 3 m/s
V = 300 cm/s

46.
A1
A2 =
2
P1 − P2 = 4500 Pa
1 1
P1 + ρV12 + ρgh = P2 + ρV22 + ρgh
2 2
1
P1 − P2 = ρ(V22 − V12 ) …(i)
2
27
 FLUID MECHANICS
And A1 V1 = A2 V2
⇒ V2 = 2V1 …(ii)
1
4500 = × 750 × 3 V12
2
V1 = 2 m/s
Volume flow rate = A1 V1 = 24 × 10−3 m3 s−1

47.
4T 4T
P2 − P0 = &P1 − P2 =
6 3
4T
⇒ P1 − P0 = =2
2
48. As the bubble is rising steadily the net force acting on it will be zero

(Because of density of air the value of mg can be neglected)

4π
So B = F ⇒ R3 ρg = 6πηRv
3

Putting R = 1 mm = 10−3 m
ρ = 1 ⋅ 75 × 103 kg/m3
g = 10 m/s2
v = 0.35 × 10−2 m/s
10
η= ≃ 1 ⋅ 11 SI unit = 11 poise (CGS)
9
28
 FLUID MECHANICS
49. FV + FB = mg(v = constant )
FV = mg − FB
= ρB Vg − ρL Vg
= (ρB − ρL )Vg
0.3 × 10−3
= (8 − 1.3) × 10+3 × × 10
8 × 103
6.7 × 0.3
= × 10−2 (g = 10)
8
67 × 3
= × 10−4 = 25.125 × 10−4
8
1000gV−500gV
50. a =
500 V

where V is the volume of the ball.

10 m
a=
sec 2
apply v = u + at
⇒ 0 = √2gh − 10t
⇒ 2 × 10 × h = 400
⇒ √2gh = 10 × (2)
⇒ 2 × 10 × h = 400 ⇒ h = 20 m

29