22

Electromagnetic
Waves
Electromagnetic Waves, E0
(c) ( xˆ - yˆ ) sin(kz - wt )
TOPIC 1 Conduction c
and Displacement Current E
(d) 0 ( xˆ - yˆ ) cos(kz - wt )
c
1. For a plane electromagnetic wave, the magnetic field at a 4. The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave is
ur
point x and time t is B = 3 ´ 10-8 sin[200p ( y + ct )]iT
ˆ
®
B( x, t ) = [1.2 ´ 10-7 sin(0.5 ´ 103®x + 1.5 ´ 1011t )k$ ]T ® where c = 3 × 108 ms–1 is the speed of light.
The instantaneous electric field E corresponding to B The corresponding electric field is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
is: (speed of light c = 3 × 108 ms–1) [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] ur
(a) E = 9sin[200p ( y + ct )]kˆ V/m
® V ur
(a) E ( x, t ) = [- 36 sin(0.5 ´ 10 x + 1.5 ´ 10 t ) $j ]
3 11
(b) E = - 10-6 sin[200p ( y + ct )]kˆ V/m
m
®
ur
(b) E( x, t ) = [36 sin(1 ´ 103 x + 0.5 ´ 1011 t ) $j ]
V (c) E = 3 ´ 10-8 sin[200p ( y + ct )]kˆ V/m
m ur
® (d) E = - 9sin[200p ( y + ct )]kˆ V/m
V
(c) E ( x, t ) = [36 sin(0.5 ´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011 t ) k$ ] 5. The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave
m
®
propagating along the x direction in vacuum is
(d) E ( x, t ) = [36 sin(1´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011 t )$i]
V r r
m E = E0 ˆj cos( wt -kx ) . The magnetic field B, at the
2. An electron is constrained to move along the y-axis with a moment t = 0 is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
speed of 0.1 c (c is the speed of light) in the presence of r E0
® (a) B = cos(kx)kˆ
electromagnetic wave, whose electric field is E = 30j$ m0 e 0
sin(1.5 × 107t – 5 × 10–2x) V/m. The maximum magnetic force r
(b) B = E0 m 0e 0 cos(kx) ˆj
experienced by the electron will be : r
(c) B = E0 m 0e 0 cos(kx)kˆ
(given c = 3 × 108 ms–1 & electron charge = 1.6 × 10–19C)
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] r E0
(d) B = cos(kx) ˆj
(a) 3.2 × 10–18 N (b) 2.4 × 10–18 N m0 e 0
(c) 4.8 × 10–19 N (d) 1.6 × 10–19 N 6. A plane electromagnetic wave, has frequency of 2.0 × 1010
3. The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave is given Hz and its energy density is 1.02 × 10–8 J/m3 in vacuum.
r The amplitude of the magnetic field of the wave is close to
by E = E0 ( xˆ + yˆ ) sin(kz - wt )
Its magnetic field will be given by : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] 1 Nm 2
( = 9 ´ 109 2 and speed of light = 3 × 108 ms–1) :
E0 4pe0 C
(a) (- xˆ + yˆ ) sin(kz - wt ) [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
c
(a) 150 nT (b) 160 nT
E
(b) 0 ( xˆ + yˆ )sin(kz - wt ) (c) 180 nT (d) 190 nT
c
P-378 Physics

7. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the directions of electric ur

(c) E = (3 ´ l0–8 sin (l.6 ´ l03x + 48 ´ l010t) k̂ v/m)
field and magnetic field are represented by k̂ and 2iˆ - 2 ˆj, ur
(d) E = (3 ´ l0–8sin (l.6 ´ l03x + 48 ´ l010t) k̂ v/m)
respectively. What is the unit vector along direction of 12. The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave is
propagation of the wave. [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] given by

(a)
1 ˆ ˆ
(i + j ) (b)
1
( ˆj + kˆ) r E iˆ + ˆj cos(kz + wt )
2 2 E = 0 2
At t = 0, a positively charged particle is at the point
1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
(c) (i + 2 ˆj ) (d) (2i + j ) æ pö
5 5 (x, y, z) = çè 0, 0, ÷ø . If its instantaneous velocity at (t = 0)
k
8. The electric fields of two plane electromagnetic plane
waves in vacuum are given by is v0 kˆ , the force acting on it due to the wave is:
ur ur [7 Jan 2020, II]
E1 = E0 ˆj cos(wt - kx ) and E2 = E 0 kˆ cos(wt - ky ) .
At t = 0, a particle of charge q is at origin with a velocity iˆ + ˆj
r (a) parallel to
2
(b) zero
v = 0.8 cjˆ (c is the speed of light in vacuum). The
instantaneous force experienced by the particle is: iˆ + ˆj
[9 Jan 2020, I] (c) antiparallel to (d) parallel to k̂
2
(a) E0 q(0.8iˆ - ˆj + 0.4k ) (b) E0 q(0.4iˆ - 3 ˆj + 0.8kˆ)
ˆ 13. An electromagnetic wave is represented by the electric
ur
field E = E n$ sin[w t + (6 y - 8z)] . Taking unit vectors in
(c) E0 q(- 0.8iˆ + ˆj + kˆ) (d) E0 q( 0.8iˆ + ˆj + 0.2kˆ) 0

9. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating along the x, y and z directions to be $i , $j , k$ , the direction of
iˆ + ˆj propogation $s is : [12 April 2019, I]
direction , with its polarization along the direction
2
3$i - 4 $j -4k$ + 3 $j
kˆ. The correct form of the magnetic field of the wave (a) s$ = (b) s$ =
5 5
would be (here B0 is an appropriate constant):
[9 Jan 2020, II] æ -3$j + 4k$ ö 3 $j - 3k$
(c) s$ = ç ÷÷ (d) s$ =
iˆ - ˆj æ iˆ + ˆj ö ç 5 5
cos ç wt - k è ø
(a) B0
2 è 2 ÷ø 14. A plane electromagnetic wave having a frequency
ˆj - iˆ v = 23.9 GHz propagates along the positive z-direction in
æ iˆ + ˆj ö free space. The peak value of the Electric Field is 60 V/m.
(b) B0 cos ç wt + k
2 è 2 ÷ø Which among the following is the acceptable magnetic
field component in the electromagnetic wave ?
ˆ æ iˆ + ˆj ö [12 April 2019, II]
(c) B0 k cos ç wt - k
è 2 ÷ø ur
(a) B = 2 ´ 10 sin(0.5 ´ 10 z + 1.5 ´ 1011 t )$i
7 3

iˆ + ˆj æ iˆ + ˆj ö ur
(d) B0 cos ç wt - k (b) B = 2 ´ 10-7 sin(0.5 ´ 103 z - 1.5 ´ 1011 t )$i
2 è 2 ÷ø ur
10. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 GHz is (c) B = 60sin(0.5 ´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011 t )k$
ur -7 11 $
propagating in vacuum along the z-direction. At a 2
(d) B = 2 ´ 10 sin(1.5 ´ 10 x + 0.5 ´ 10 t ) j
particular point in space and time, the magnetic field is
r 15. The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave is given
given by B = 5 ´ 10-8 ˆj T . The corresponding electric ur
r by E = E $i cos(kz) cos(w t)
0
field E is (speed of light c = 3 ´ l08 ms–l) The corresponding magnetic field is then given by :
[8 Jan 2020, II] [10 April 2019, I]
(a) 1.66 ´ 10–16 iˆ V/m (b) – 1.66 ´ 10–16 iˆ V/m ur E 0
(a) B = $j sin (kz) sin (w t)
(c) –15 iˆ V/m (d) 15 iˆ V/m C
11. If the magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is ur E 0
(b) B = $j sin(kz) cos ( w t)
ur C
given by B = 3 ´ 10–8 sin (l.6 ´ 103x + 48 ´ 1010t) ĵ T, then
ur E 0
what will be expression for electric field? (c) B = $j cos (kz) sin (w t)
[7 Jan 2020, I] C
ur ur E 0
(a) E = (60 sin (1.6 ´ l03x + 48 ´ l010t) k̂ v/m) (d) B = k$ sin (kz) cos( w t)
ur C
(b) E = (9 sin (1.6 ´ l03x + 48 ´ l010t) k̂ v/m)
Electromagnetic Waves P-379

16. Light is incident normally on a completely absorbing 23. An electromagnetic wave of intensity 50 Wm–2 enters in a
surface with an energy flux of 25 Wcm–2. If the surface has medium of refractive index ‘n’ without any loss. The ratio
an area of 25 cm2, the momentum transferred to the surface of the magnitudes of electric fields, and the ratio of the
in 40 min time duration will be: [10 April 2019, II] magnitudes of magnetic fields of the wave before and after
(a) 6.3×10–4 Ns (b) 1.4×10–6 Ns entering into the medium are respectively, given by :
(c) 5.0×10–3 Ns (d) 3.5×10–6 Ns [11 Jan 2019, I]
17. The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave is æ 1 1 ö
given by:
r
(a) ç
è n nø
, ÷ (b) (
n, n )
B = B $i [ cos ( kz – w t ) ] + B $j cos ( kz + wt )
0 1 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Where B0 = 3 × 10–5 T and B1 = 2 × 10–6 T. (c) ç n , ÷ (d) ç , n÷
The rms value of the force experienced by a stationary è nø è n ø
charge Q = 10–4 C at z = 0 is closest to: [9 April 2019 I] 24. A 27 mW laser beam has a cross-sectional area of 10 mm 2.
(a) 0.6 N (b) 0.1 N The magnitude of the maximum electric field in this
electromagnetic wave is given by :
(c) 0.9 N (d) 3 × 10–2 N [Given permittivity of space Î0 = 9 × 10 –12 SI units, Speed
18. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 50 MHz travels of light c = 3 × 108 m/s] [11 Jan 2019, II]
in free space along the positive x-direction. At a particular (a) 2 kV/m (c) 0.7 kV/m
r
point in space and time, E = 6.3 ˆj V / m. The (b) 1 kV/m (d) 1.4 kV/m
r 25. If the magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave is
corresponding magnetic field B , at that point will be: given by (The speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s)
[9 April 2019 I]
é 15 æ xö ù
(a) 18.9 × 10–8 k̂T (b) 2.1 × 10–8 k̂T B = 100 × 10–6 sin ê 2 p ´ 2 ´ 10 çè t - ÷ø ú
ë c û
(c) 6.3 × 10–8 k̂T (d) 18.9 × 108 k̂T then the maximum electric field associated with it is:
19. 50 W/m2 energy density of sunlight is normally incident [10 Jan. 2019 I]
on the surface of a solar panel. Some part of incident (a) 6 × 10 N/C4
(b) 3 × 10 N/C4
energy (25%) is reflected from the surface and the rest is
(c) 4 × 104 N/C (d) 4.5 104 N/C
absorbed. The force exerted on 1m2 surface area will be
close to (c = 3 × 108 m/s): [9 April 2019, II] 26. The electric field of a plane polarized electromagnetic
wave in free space at time t = 0 is given by an expression
(a) 15 × 10–8 N (b) 20 × 10–8 N ur
(c) 10 × 10–8 N (d) 35 × 10–8 N E ( x, y ) = 10 ˆj cos [(6 x + 8 z)]
20. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in free space along ur
the x-direction. The electric field component of the wave The magnetic field B ( x, z, t ) is given by: (c is the
at a particular point of space and time is E = 6 Vm –1 along velocity of light) [10 Jan 2019, II]
y-direction. Its corresponding magnetic field component, 1 ˆ
B would be: [8 April 2019 I] (a) (6k + 8i)ˆ cos [ (6 x - 8 z + 10ct ) ]
(a) 2 × 10–8 T along z-direction c
(b) 6 × 10–8 T along x-direction 1 ˆ ˆ cos [ (6 x + 8 z - 10ct ) ]
(b) (6k - 8i)
(c) 6 × 10–8 T along z-direction c
(d) 2 × 10–8 T along y-direction 1 ˆ
21. The magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave is given by: (c) (6k + 8i)ˆ cos [ (6 x + 8 z - 10ct ) ]
c
ur
( )( Wb
B = 1.6 ´ 10 –6 cos 2 ´ 10 7 z + 6 ´ 1015 t 2iˆ + ˆj 2
m
) (d)
1 ˆ
(6k - 8i)ˆ cos [(6 x + 8 z + 10ct ) ]
c
The associated electric field will be : [8 April 2019, II] 27. An EM wave from air enters a medium. The electric fields
ur
(
(a) E = 4.8 × 102 cos(2 × 107 z – 6 × 1015 t) 2iˆ + ˆj ) V
m
r é æ z öù
are E1 = E01 xˆ cos ê 2pv ç - t ÷ú in air and
ë è c øû
ur V r
(b) E = 4.8 ´ 10 2 cos(2 ´ 10 7 z - 6 ´ 1015 t)( -2 $j + $i) E2 = E02 xˆ cos [ k (2 z - ct )] in medium, where the wave
m number k and frequency v refer to their values in air. The
ur medium is nonmagnetic. If Îr1 and Îr refer to relative
(
(c) E = 4.8 × 102 cos(2 × 107 z + 6 × 1015 t) –iˆ + 2 ˆj
V
m
) 2
permittivities of air and medium respectively, which of the
ur following options is correct? [9 Jan 2019, I]
(
(d) E = 4.8 × 102 cos(2 × 107 z + 6 × 1015 t) iˆ – 2 ˆj
V
m
) Îr Îr1
(a) 1 =4 (b) =2
22. The mean intensity of radiation on the surface of the Sun Îr Îr
is about 108 W/m2. The rms value of the corresponding 2 2
magnetic field is closest to : [12 Jan 2019, II] Îr 1 Îr 1
(a) 1 T (b)102 T (c) 10–2 T (d) 10–4 T (c) 1
= (d) 1
=
Îr 4 Îr 2
2 2
P-380 Physics
r
28. The energy associated with electric field is (UE) and with (a) E = B0 csin(kx + wt)kV ˆ /m
magnetic fields is (UB) for an electromagnetic wave in r B0
free space. Then : [9 Jan 2019, II] (b) E = sin(kx + wt)kVˆ /m
r c
UB (c) E = - B0 csin(kx + wt)kV ˆ /m
(a) U E = (b) UE > UB r
2 ˆ
(d) E = B0 csin(kx - wt)kV / m
(c) UE < UB (d) UE = UB 33. Consider an electromagnetic wave propagating in vacuum.
29. A plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength l has an Choose the correct statement : [Online April 10, 2016]
intensity I. It is propagating along the positive Y– (a) For an electromagnetic wave propagating in +y
direction. The allowed expressions for the electric and r 1
magnetic fields are given by [Online April 16, 2018] direction the electric field is E = E yz (x, t)zˆ and
2
ur I é 2p ù r 1 r 1
(a) E = cos ê (y - ct) ú ˆi; B = Ekˆ the magnetic field is B = Bz (x, t)yˆ
e C 0 ël û c 2
(b) For an electromagnetic wave propagating in +y
ur I é 2p ùˆ r 1 r
(b) E = cos ê (y - ct) ú k;B = - Eiˆ 1
e0 C
direction the electric field is E = E yz (x, t)yˆ and
ël û c 2
ur r
2I é 2p ùˆ r 1 the magnetic field is B =
1
B yz (x, t)zˆ
(c) E = cos ê (y - ct) ú k;B = + Eiˆ 2
e0 C ël û c
(c) For an electromagnetic wave propagating in
ur 2I é 2p ùˆ r 1 ˆ r
(d) E = cos ê (y + ct) ú k; B = Ei 1
e0 C
+x direction the electric field is E = E yz (y, z, t)
ël û c 2
30. A monochromatic beam of light has a frequency
( yˆ + zˆ ) and the magnetic field is
3
v= ´ 1012 Hz and is propagating along the direction r 1
2p B= Byz (y, z, t) ( yˆ + zˆ )
2
iˆ + ˆj (d) For an electromagnetic wave propagating in +x
. It is polarized along the k̂ direction. The acceptable
2 r 1
form for the magnetic field is: [Online April 15, 2018] direction the electric field is E = E yz (x, t) ( yˆ - zˆ )
2
E æ iˆ - ˆj ö é 4 æ iˆ - ˆj ö r 12 ù r
(a) k 0 ç ÷ cos ê10 ç ÷ .r - (3 ´ 10 )t ú and the magnetic field is B = 1 B yz (x, t) ( yˆ + zˆ )
C è 2 ø ëê è 2 ø ûú 2
34. For plane electromagnetic waves propagating in the
E0 æ iˆ - ˆj ö é 4 æ iˆ + ˆj ö r 12 ù z-direction, which one of the following combination gives
(b) ç ÷ cos ê10 ç ÷ .r - (3 ´10 )t ú ur ur
C è 2 ø ëê è 2 ø ûú the correct possible direction for E and B field
respectively? [Online April 11, 2015]
E0 ˆ é æ iˆ + ˆj ö r 12 ù
(c) k cos ê104 ç ÷ .r + (3 ´10 )t ú (a) (2$i + 3$j) and ($i + 2$j) (b) (-2$i - 3$j) and (3$i - 2 $j)
C ëê è 2 ø ûú
(c) (3$i + 4 $j) and (4$i - 3$j) (d) ($i + 2$j) and (2$i - $j)
E (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ) é æ iˆ + ˆj ö r 12 ù
(d) 0 cos ê104 ç ÷ .r + (3 ´ 10 )t ú 35. An electromagnetic wave travelling in the x-direction has
C 3 ëê è 2 ø ûú frequency of 2 × 1014 Hz and electric field amplitude of 27
31. The electric field component of a monochromatic Vm–1. From the options given below, which one describes
radiation
ur is given by the magnetic field for this wave ? [Online April 10, 2015]
E = 2 E0 $i cosur kz cos wt r
Its magnetic field B is then given by : (
-8
(a) B ( x, t ) = 3 ´ 10 T ˆj )
[Online April 9, 2017] sin é 2p(1.5 × 10 x – 2 × 1014 t) ù
–8
ur ë û
(a)
2Eo $
c
j sin kz cos wt (b) -
2Eo $
c
j sin kz sin wt (
(b) B ( x,t ) = 9×10 T iˆ
-8
)
2Eo $ 2Eo $ sin é 2p(1.5 × 10 –8 x – 2 × 1014 t) ù
(c) j sin kz sin wt (d) j cos kz cos wt ur ë û

32.
c c
Magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by
(
(c) B ( x, t ) = 9 ´10 T ˆj
-8
)
r sin é1.5 × 10 –6 x – 2 × 1014 t) ù
B = B sin(kx + wt)ˆjT ur ë û
( )
0
-8
Expression for corresponding electric field will be : (d) B ( x, t ) = 9 ´ 10 T k
ˆ
Where c is speed of light. [Online April 8, 2017] sin é 2p(1.5 × 10 –6
x – 2 × 1014 t) ù
ë û
Electromagnetic Waves P-381

36. During the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a ®

medium: [2014] æ 2p ö
(b) E = E0 cos çè wt - y ÷ xˆ
ø
(a) Electric energy density is double of the magnetic l
energy density. ®
(b) Electric energy density is half of the magnetic energy æ 2p ö
(c) E = E0 cos ç wt - y÷ zˆ
density. è l ø
(c) Electric energy density is equal to the magnetic energy
® æ 2p ö
density.
(d) E = - E0 cos ç wt + y÷ zˆ
(d) Both electric and magnetic energy densities are zero. è l ø
37. A lamp emits monochromatic green light uniformly in all 44. An electromagnetic wave of frequency v = 3.0 MHz
directions. The lamp is 3% efficient in converting electrical
power to electromagnetic waves and consumes 100 W of passes from vacuum into a dielectric medium with
power. The amplitude of the electric field associated with permittivity Î = 4.0. Then [2004]
the electromagnetic radiation at a distance of 5 m from the (a) wave length is halved and frequency remains
lamp will be nearly: [Online April 12, 2014] unchanged
(a) 1.34 V/m (b) 2.68 V/m (b) wave length is doubled and frequency becomes half
(c) wave length is doubled and the frequency remains
(c) 4.02 V/m (d) 5.36 V/m unchanged
38. An electromagnetic wave of frequency 1 × 1014 hertz is (d) wave length and frequency both remain unchanged.
propagating along z-axis. The amplitude of electric field is 45. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature is evident
4 V/m. If e0 = 8.8 × 10–12 C2/N-m2, then average energy by [2002]
density of electric field will be: [Online April 11, 2014] (a) polarization (b) interference
(a) 35.2 × 10–10 J/m3 (b) 35.2 × 10–11 J/m3 (c) reflection (d) diffraction
–12
(c) 35.2 × 10 J/m 3 (d) 35.2 × 10–13 J/m3
39. The magnetic field in a travelling electromagnetic wave
has a peak value of 20 nT. The peak value of electric field TOPIC 2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
strength is : [2013]
(a) 3 V/m (b)6 V/m (c) 9 V/m (d) 12 V/m 46. The correct match between the entries in column I and
40. A plane electromagnetic wave in a non-magnetic dielectric column II are : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
ur ur I II
medium is given by E = E 0 (4 ´ 10 -7 x - 50t ) with
Radiation Wavelength
distance being in meter and time in seconds. The dielectric
constant of the medium is : [Online April 22, 2013] (A) Microwave (i) 100 m
(a) 2.4 (b)5.8 (c) 8.2 (d) 4.8 (B) Gamma rays (ii) 10–15 m
41. Select the correct statement from the following : (C) A.M. radio waves (iii) 10–10 m
[Online April 9, 2013]
(a) Electromagnetic waves cannot travel in vacuum. (D) X-rays (iv) 10–3 m
(b) Electromagnetic waves are longitudinal waves. (a) (A)-(ii), (B)-(i), (C)-(iv), (D)-(iii)
(c) Electromagnetic waves are produced by charges (b) (A)-(i), (B)-(iii), (C)-(iv), (D)-(ii)
moving with uniform velocity.
(d) Electromagnetic waves carry both energy and (c) (A)-(iii), (B)-(ii), (C)-(i), (D)-(iv)
momentum as they propagate through space. (d) (A)-(iv), (B)-(ii), (C)-(i), (D)-(iii)
42. An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has the electric and
r r 47. Chosse the correct option relating wavelengths of different
magnetic field E and B , which are always perpendicular parts of electromagnetic wave spectrum :
r
to each other. The direction of polarization is given by X [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
r
and that of wave propagation by k . Then [2012] (a) l visible < l micro waves < l radio waves < l X - rays
r r r r r
(a) X || B and k || B ´ E (b) l radio waves > l micro waves > l visible > l x-rays
r r r r r
(b) X || E and k || E ´ B (c) l x- rays < l micro waves < l radio waves < l visible
r r r r r
(c) X || B and k || E ´ B (d) l visible > l x-rays > l radio waves > l micro waves
r r r r r
(d) X || E and k || B ´ E 48. Given below in the left column are different modes of
43. An electromagnetic wave with frequency w and
communication using the kinds of waves given in the
wavelength l travels in the + y direction. Its magnetic field
is along + x-axis. The vector equation for the associated right column. [10 April 2019, I]
electric field (of amplitude E0) is [Online May 19, 2012] A. Optical Fibre P. Ultrasound
® æ 2p ö Communication
(a) E = - E0 cos ç wt + y ÷ xˆ B. Radar Q. Infrared Light
è l ø
C. Sonar R. Microwaves
D. Mobile Phones S. Radio Waves
P-382 Physics

From the options given below, find the most appropriate

List I List II
match between entries in the left and the right column.
(a) A – Q, B – S, C – R, D – P I Doublet of sodium (A) Visible radiation
(b) A – S, B – Q, C – R, D – P II Wavelength (B) Microwave
(c) A – Q, B – S, C – P, D – R corresponding to
(d) A – R, B – P, C – S, D – Q temperature associated
49. Arrange the following electromagnetic radiations per with the isotropic
quantum in the order of increasing energy : [2016] radiation filling all space
A : Blue light B : Yellow light III Wavelength emitted by (C) Short radio wave
C : X-ray D : Radiowave. atomic hydrogen in
(a) C, A, B, D (b) B, A, D, C
interstellar space
(c) D, B, A, C (d) A, B, D, C
50. Microwave oven acts on the principle of : IV Wavelength of radiation (D) X-rays
[Online April 9, 2016] arising from two close
(a) giving rotational energy to water molecules energy levels in hydrogen
(b) giving translational energy to water molecules
(c) giving vibrational energy to water molecules (a) (I)-(A), (II)-(B), (III)-(B), (IV)-(C)
(d) transferring electrons from lower to higher energy (b) (I)-(A), (II)-(B), (III)-(C), (IV)-(C)
levels in water molecule (c) (I)-(D), (II)-(C), (III)-(A), (IV)-(B)
51. Match List - I (Electromagnetic wave type) with List - II (d) (I)-(B), (II)-(A), (III)-(D), (IV)-(A)
(Its association/application) and select the correct option 54. Match List I (Wavelength range of electromagnetic
from the choices given below the lists: [2014] spectrum) with List II (Method of production of these
List 1 List 2 waves) and select the correct option from the options given
below the lists. [Online April 9, 2014]
1. Infrared waves (i) To treat muscular
strain List I Lis t II
2. Radio waves (ii) For broadcasting (1) 700 nm to (i) Vibration of atoms
3. X-rays (iii) To detect fracture of 1 mm and molecules .
bones
(2) 1 nm to (ii) Inner s hell electrons
4. Ultraviolet rays (iv) Absorbed by the
400 nm in atoms moving
ozone layer of the
from one energy
atmosphere level to a lower level.
1 2 3 4
(a) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (3) < 10–3 nm (iii) Radioactive decay of
(b) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) the nucleus .
(c) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (4) 1 mm to (iv) Magnetron valve.
(d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 0.1 m
52. If microwaves, X rays, infrared, gamma rays, ultra-violet, (a) (1)-(iv), (2)-(iii), (3)-(ii), (4)-(i)
radio waves and visible parts of the electromagnetic (b) (1)-(iii), (2)-(iv), (3)-(i), (4)-(ii)
spectrum are denoted by M, X, I, G, U, R and V then which (c) (1)-(ii), (2)-(iii), (3)-(iv), (4)-(i)
of the following is the arrangement in ascending order of (d) (1)-(i), (2)-(ii), (3)-(iii), (4)-(iv)
wavelength ? [Online April 19, 2014] 55. Photons of an electromagnetic radiation has an energy
(a) R, M, I, V, U, X and G 11 keV each. To which region of electromagnetic spectrum
(b) M, R, V, X, U, G and I does it belong ? [Online April 9, 2013]
(c) G, X, U, V, I, M and R (a) X-ray region (b) Ultra violet region
(d) I, M, R, U, V, X and G (c) Infrared region (d) Visible region
53. Match the List-I (Phenomenon associated with 56. The frequency of X-rays; g-rays and ultraviolet rays are
electromagnetic radiation) with List-II (Part of respectively a, b and c then [Online May 26, 2012]
electromagnetic spectrum) and select the correct code from (a) a < b; b > c (b) a > b ; b > c
the choices given below this lists:[Online April 11, 2014] (c) a < b < c (d) a = b = c
Electromagnetic Waves P-383

1. (a) Relation between electric field E0 and magnetic field Directiono f wave propagation
B0 of an electromagnetic wave is given by ( E ´ B ) || C
E
c= 0 (Here, c = Speed of light) Bˆ = iˆ and Cˆ = - ˆj \ Ê = - kˆ
B0 \ E = E0 sin[200p( y + ct )](- kˆ) V/m
Þ E0 = B0 ´ c = 1.2 ´ 10-7 ´ 3 ´ 108 = 36 or, E = -9sin[200p( y + ct )]kˆ V/m
As the wave is propagating along x-direction, magnetic 5. (c) Relation between electric field and magnetic field for
field is along z-direction E0
an electromagnetic wave in vacuum is B0 = .
and ( Eˆ ´ Bˆ ) || Cˆ c
r 1
\ E should be along y-direction. In free space, its speed c =
r r m0 e0
So, electric field E = E0 sin E × ( x, t ) Here, m0 = absolute permeability, e0 = absolute permittivity
V E E0
= [ -36sin (0.5 ´ 103 x + 1.5 ´ 1011t ) ˆj ] \ B0 = 0 = = E0 m 0 e 0
m c 1/ m 0 e 0
As the electromagnetic wave is propagating along x
E0
2. (c) In electromagnetic wave, =C direction and electric field is along y direction.
B0
\ Eˆ ´ Bˆ || Cˆ (Here, Ĉ = direction of propagation of wave)
r
E0 \ B should be in k̂ direction.
\ Maximum value of magnetic field, B0 =
C \ B = E 0 m0 e0 cos (wt – kx) k̂
qV0 E0 At t = 0
Fmax = qVBmax sin 90° =
C B = E 0 m0 e0 cos (kx) k̂
(Given V0 = 0.1 C and E0 = 30)
1 B2
-19 8 6. (b) Energy density =
1.6 ´ 10 ´ 0.1 ´ 3 ´ 10 ´ 30 2 m0
= = 4.8 ´ 10-19 N
3 ´ 108 ÞB= 2 ´ m 0 ´ Energy density
r
3. (a) E = E0 ( xˆ + yˆ ) sin(kz - wt ) 1
m0 = 2
= 4p ´ 10 -7
Direction of propagation of em wave = + k̂ C e0

iˆ + ˆj \ B = 2 ´ 4p ´ 10-7 ´ 1.02 ´ 10 -8 = 160 ´ 10 -9

Unit vector in the direction of electric field, Eˆ =
2 = 160 nT
The direction of electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to 7. (a) Electromagnetic wave will propagate perpendicular to
both electric and magnetic field. the direction of Electric and Magnetic fields

\ kˆ = Eˆ ´ Bˆ Cˆ = Eˆ ´ Bˆ
Here unit vector Ĉ is perpendicular to both Ê and B̂
æ iˆ + ˆj ö ˆ -iˆ + ˆj ur ur
Þ kˆ = ç ÷ ´ B Þ Bˆ = Given, E = k$ , B = 2i$ - 2 $j
è 2 ø 2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
r E 1 iˆ + ˆj
\ B = 0 (- xˆ + yˆ )sin(kz - wt ) \ Cˆ = Eˆ ´ Bˆ = 0 0 1 =
c 2 2
1 -1 0
4. (d) Given : B = 3 ´ 10-8 sin[200p( y + ct )]iT
ˆ
iˆ + ˆj
Þ Cˆ =
-8 2
\ B0 = 3 ´ 10

E0 = CB0 Þ E0 = 3 ´ 108 ´ 3 ´ 10 -8 = 9 V/m

P-384 Physics
r r
8. (d) Given: E1 = E0 ˆj cos ( wt - kx ) 11. (b) Given, B = 3 ´ 10 -8 sin(1.6 ´ 103 x + 48 ´ 1010 t)
r r
i.e., Travelling in +ve x-direction E ´ B should be in x- Using, E0 = B0 ´ C = 3 ´ 10 –8 ´ 3 ´ 108 = 9 V/m
direction
r \ Electric field,
\ B is in K̂ r
E = 9sin(1.6 ´ 103 x + 48 ´ 1010 t ) kˆ V /m
r E æ E0 ö
\ B1 = 0 cos ( wt - kx ) kˆ çèQ B0 = C ÷ø p
C 12. (c) At t = 0, z =
k
r E E
\ E = 0 (iˆ + ˆj ) cos[p ] = – 0 (iˆ + ˆj )
2 2
r r
FE = qE
-(iˆ + ˆj )
Force due to electric field will be in the direction
2
Force due to magnetic field is in direction
r r r r r r
q(v ´ B) and v || k . Therefore, it is parallel to E .
E2 = E0 kˆ cos ( wt - ky )
r E r r r iˆ + ˆj
B2 = 0 iˆ cos ( wt - ky ) Þ Fnet = FE + FB is antiparallel to
2
C
\ Travelling in +ve y-axis
r r ˆ 6 ˆj + 8kˆ -3 ˆj + 4kˆ
E ´ B should be in y-axis 13. (c) S = 2 =
5
r r r r 6 + 82
\ Net force F = qE + q v ´ B ( ) E0
r r r r 60
( ) (
q E1 + E2 + q 0.8cjˆ ´ B1 + B2 ( ) 14. (b) B0 = =
C 3 ´ 108
If t = 0 and x = y = 0 = 20 × 10–8 T = 2 × 10–7 T
r r
E1 = E0 ˆj E2 = E0 kˆ
w 2pf 2p ´ 23.9 ´ 109
r E r E K= = = = 500
B1 = 0 kˆ B2 = 0 iˆ v v 3 ´ 108
c c ®
r Therefore, B = B sin(kz - wt )
( ) E
\ Fnet = qE0 ˆj + kˆ + q ´ 0.8c ´ 0 ˆj ´ kˆ + iˆ
C
( ) 0

= 2 × 10–7 sin(0.5 ´ 103 z - 1.5 ´ 1011 t )i

( ) ˆ
= qE ˆj + k + 0.8 qE iˆ - k
0 0(
ˆ ) 15. (a)

= qE0 ( 0.8iˆ + ˆj + 0.2 kˆ ) E0

=C
B0
9. (a) Direction of polarisation = Ê = kˆ
E0
$ $ Þ B0 =
µ´B µ = i+ j C
Direction of propagation = E
2 r
Given that E = E0 cos(kz) cos(w t) iˆ
r r
But E.B = 0 \ Bˆ = iˆ - j r E
2 E = 0 éëcos ( kz – wt ) ˆi – cos ( kz + wt ) iˆùû
10. (d) Amplitude of electric field (E) and Magnetic field (B) 2
of an electromagnetic wave are related by the relation Correspondingly
r B
E B = 0 éëcos ( kz – wt ) ˆj – cos ( kz + wt ) ˆjùû
=c 2
B
r B
Þ E = Bc B = 0 ´ 2sin kz sin wt
Þ E = 5 × 10–8 × 3 × 108 = 15 N/C 2
r r æE ö
Þ E = 15iˆ V / m B = ç 0 sin kz sin wt ÷ ˆj
è C ø
Electromagnetic Waves P-385

I B20
16. (c) Pressure, P =
C 22. (d) I = ·C
2µ0
F I
Þ =
A C B20 Iµ0
Þ =
IA Dp 2 C
ÞF= =
C Dt Iµ0
Þ Brms =
I C
Þ Dp = ADt
C
108 ´ 4 p ´ 10 -7
(25 ´ 25) ´ 104 ´ 10–4 ´ 40 ´ 60 =
= N-s 3 ´ 108
3 ´ 108 ; 6 × 10–4 T
= 5 × 10–3 N-s Which is closest to 10–4.
17. (a) B0 = B02 + B12 = 302 + 2 2 ´ 10 -6 23. (c) The speed of electromagnetic wave in free space is
given by
= 30 × 10–6T
1
\ E0 = CB = 3 ´ 108 ´ 30 ´ 10 -6 C= ...(i)
m0 Î0
= 9 × 103 V/m
In medium, v = 1 ...(ii)
E0 9
= ´ 103V / m k Î0 m 0
V2 2
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get
Force on the charge,
9 C
F = EQ = ´ 103 ´ 10 -4 ; 0.64 N \ = k =n
V
2
18. (b) As we know, 1 1
Î0 E 02C = intensity = Î0 kE 2 v
r 2 2
r |E| 6.3
| B |= = = 2.1 ´ 10-8 T \ E 0C = kE v
2 2
C 3 ´ 108
and Eˆ ´ Bˆ =C ˆ E 20 kV n 2 E 0
Þ = = Þ = n
ˆ = iˆ [Q EM wave travels along +(ve) x-direction.] E2 C n E
Jˆ ´ B similarly
r
ˆ
\ B̂ = kˆ or B = 2.1 ´ 10 –8 kT B20 C B 2 v B0 1
= Þ =
IA 2m0 2m0 B n
19. (b) F = (1 + r )
C 24. (d) EM wave intensity
(1 + 0.25) ´ 50 ´ 1 Power 1
= 8
Þ I= = e 0 E 02 c
3 ´ 10 Area 2
[where E0= maximum electric field]
; 20 ´ 10-8 N
27 ´ 10 –3 1
Þ = ´ 9 ´ 10 –12 ´ E 20 ´ 3 ´ 108
20. (a) The relation between amplitudes of electric and 10 ´10 –6 2
magnetic field in free space is given by
E 6 Þ E 0 = 2 ´103 kV / m =1.4kV / m
B0 = 0 = = 2 ´ 10 -8 T
c 3 ´ 108
25. (b) Using, formula E0 = B0 × C
Propagation direction = Eˆ ´ Bˆ = 100 × 10–6 × 3 × 108
= 3 × 104 N/C
iˆ = ˆj ´ Bˆ
Here we assumed that
Þ B̂ = kˆ B0 = 100 × 10–6 is in tesla (T) units
r
21.
\ The magnetic field component will be along z direction.
(c) E0 = cB0 = 3 × 108 × 1.6 × 10–6 = 4.8 × 102 V/m
ˆ
26. (b) E =10jcos ë ( )( )
é 6iˆ + 8kˆ . xiˆ + zkˆ ù
û
uur uur uur r r
Also S Þ E ´ B ˆ
=10 jcos éë K . r ùû
uur uur r
or - K Þ E ´ (2iˆ + ˆj ) \ K =6iˆ + 8K;ˆ direction of waves travel
uur
(
Therefore direction of E ® - iˆ + 2 ˆj ) i. e. direction of ‘c’.
P-386 Physics

29. (c) If E0 is magnitude of electric field then

E(10 ˆj)
1 2I
e0 E2 ´ C = 1 Þ E0 =
2 Ce 0
E0
E0 =
C
r r
Direction of E ´ B will be along + ĵ .
3iˆ + 4kˆ 30. (c) Eˆ ´ B
ˆ should give the direction of wave propagation
B = ĉ
5
) ˆ ˆ æ ˆ ˆö ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Þ K´B ˆ P i´ jÞK ˆ ´ i + j = j - ( - i) = i + j P i + j
–4iˆ + 3kˆ ç ÷
2 è 2ø 2 2 2
Cˆ ´ Eˆ =
5 Option (a), option (b) and option (d) does not satisfy.
r E 10 ˆi + ˆj
B= = Wave propagation vector K̂ should along .
C C 2
r 10 æ –4iˆ + 3kˆ ö æ –8iˆ + 6kˆ ö 31. (c) Given, Electric field component of monochromatic
\ B çç ÷= ç ÷ r
Cè 5 ÷ø çè C ÷ø radiation, (E) = 2E ˆi coskzcos wt
0
r dE dB
1 We know that, =-
or, magnetic field B ( x, z, t ) = dz dt
C
dE dB
( )
6kˆ – 8iˆ cos ( 6x + 8z –10ct ) dz
= -2E 0 k sin kz cos w t = -
dt
1 dB = + 2E0k sin kz cos wt dt ..... (i)
27. (c) Velocity of EM wave is given by v = Integrating eq.n (i), we have
mÎ
w B = +2E 0 k sin kz ò cos wt dt
Velocity in air = =C
k Magnetic field is given by,
C k
Velocity in medium = = +2E 0 sin kz sin wt
2 w
Here, m1 = m2 = 1 as medium is non-magnetic We also know that,
1 E0 w
= =c
Îr1 Îr1 1 B0 k
C
\ = =2 Þ = Magnetic field vector,
1 æCö Îr2 4
Îr2 çè 2 ÷ø
r 2E
B = 0 ˆj sin kz sin wt
c
28. (d) Average energy density of magnetic field, E0
32. (a) Speed of EM wave in force space (c) =
B02 B0
uB = . r
4m 0 or E = cB0 sin (kx + wt)kˆ
Average energy density of electric field, 33. (d) Wave in X-direction means E and B should be function
of x and t.
e0 E 20 ) ) ) )
uE = y,z ^ y∗z
4 uur ur uur ur
34. (b) As we know, E . B = 0 Q [ E ^ B ]
1 uur ur
Now, E0 = CB0 and C2 = and E ´ B should be along Z direction
m0 Î0

e0 2 As (–2$i – 3 $j ) ´ (3$i – 2 $j ) = 5k$

uE = ´ C 2 B 20 = e0 ´ 1 ´ B02 = B0 = u B Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
4 4 m 0 e0 4m 0
\ uE = uB 35. (d) As we know,
Since energy density of electric and magnetic field is same, E 27
so energy associated with equal volume will be equal i.e., B0 = 0 = 8
= 9 ´10 –8 tesla
C 3 ´ 10
uE = uB
Electromagnetic Waves P-387

Oscillation of B can be only along ĵ or k̂ direction. 40. (b)

41. (d) Electromagnetic waves do not required any medium
w = 2pf = 2p × 2 × 1014 Hz to propagate. They can travel in vacuum. They are
ur
\ B ( x, t ) = (9 ´ 10 –8 T )kˆ sin[2p(1.5 ´ 10 –6 ´ –2 ´104 t )] transverse in nature like light. They carry both energy and
1 momentum.
36. (c) E0 = CB0 and C = A changing electric field produces a changing magnetic
m 0e 0
field and vice-versa. Which gives rise to a transverse wave
1 known as electromagnetic wave.
Electric energy density = e0 E02 = m E
2 42. (b) Q The E.M. wave are transverse in nature i.e.,
r r
1 Bo 2
= mB k ´E r
Magnetic energy density = = =H …(i)
2 m0 m
Thus, mE = mB r
r B
Energy is equally divided between electric and magnetic where H =
field. m
37. (b) Wavelength of monochromatic green light r r
k ´H r
= 5.5 × 10–5 cm and = -E …(ii)
we
Power r r r r
Intensity I =
Area k is ^ H and k is also ^ to E
r r
100 ´ ( 3 /100 ) The direction of wave propagation is parallel to E ´ B.
3
= = Wm -2 The direction of polarization is parallel to electric field.
4p ( 5 )
2 100p
43. (c) In an electromagnetic wave electric field and
Now, half of this intensity (I) belongs to electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular to the direction of
half of that to magnetic field, therefore, propagation of wave. The vector equation for the electric
I 1 field is
= e0 E 02 C r
E = E0 cos æç wt - 2p y ö÷ zˆ
2 4
2I è l ø
or E 0 = 44. (a) Frequency remains unchanged during refraction
e0 C Velocity of EM wave in vacuum
æ 3 ö 1
2´ç p÷ Vvacuum = =C
è 100 ø m0 Î0
=
æ
ç
1
9÷
è 4p ´ 9 ´10 ø
ö
(
´ 3 ´108 ) vmed =
1
=
c
µ0 Î0 ´4 2
6
= ´ 30 = 7.2 l med vmed c/2 1
25 = = =
l vacuum v vacuum c 2
\ E 0 = 2.68 V / m
\ Wavelength is halved and frequency remains
38. (c) Given: Amplitude of electric field,
unchanged
E0 = 4 v/m
Absolute permitivity, 45. (a) The phenomenon of polarisation is shown only by
e0 = 8.8 × 10–12 c2/N-m2 transverse waves. The vibration of electromagnetic wave
Average energy density uE = ? are restricted through polarization in a direction
perpendicular to wave propagation.
Applying formula,
46. (d) Energy sequence of radiations is
1 2
Average energy density uE = e0 E Eg -Rays > EX-Rays > Emicrowave > EAM Radiowaves
4
1 -12 2 \ l g -Rays < l X-Rays < l microwave < l AM Radiowaves
Þ uE = ´ 8.8 ´ 10 ´ (4)
4
= 35.2 × 10–12 J/m3 From the above sequence, we have
39. (b) From question, (a) Microwave ® 10 -3 m (iv)
B0 = 20 nT = 20 × 10–9T
(b) Gamma Rays ® 10-15 m (ii)
(Q velocity of light in vacuum C = 3 × 108 ms–1)
r r r
E0 = B0 ´ C (c) AM Radio wave ® 100 m (i)
r r r
| E0 |=| B | ×| C |= 20 ´ 10 -9 ´ 3 ´ 108 (d) X-Rays ® 10-10 m (iii)
= 6 V/m.
P-388 Physics

47. (b) The orderly arrangement of different parts of EM wave 53. (d) Wavelength emitted by atomic hydrogen in interstellar
in decreasing order of wavelength is as follows: space - Part of short radio wave of electromagnetic
l radiowaves > l microwaves > l visible > l X-rays spectrum.
Doublet of sodium - visible radiation.
48. (c) Optical Fibre Communication – Infrared Light
54. (d) Vibration of atoms and molecules 700 nm to 1 mm
Radar – Radio Waves
Radioactive decay of the nucleus < 10–3 nm
Sonar – Ultrasound
Magnetron valve 1 mm to 0.1 m
Mobile Phones – Microwaves
E, Decreases hc hc
49. (c) 55. (a) E = Þ l=
g-rays X-rays uv-rays Visible rays IR rays Radio l E
VIBGYOR Microwaves waves
6.6 ´ 10-34 ´ 3 ´108
Radio wave < yellow light < blue light < X-rays Þ l=
11´1000 ´ 1.6 ´10 -19
(Increasing order of energy)
= 12.4 Å
50. (c) Microwave oven acts on the principle of giving
vibrational energy to water molecules. Increasing order of frequency
51. (d)
(1) Infrared rays are used to treat muscular strain because x-rays u-v rays visible Infrared
these are heat rays. wavelength range of visible region is 4000Å to 7800Å.
(2) Radio waves are used for broadcasting because these
waves have very long wavelength ranging from few 56. (a) Frequency range of g-ray,
centimeters to few hundred kilometers. b = 1018 – 1023 Hz
(3) X-rays are used to detect fracture of bones because Frequency range of X-ray,
they have high penetrating power but they can't penetrate
through denser medium like dones. a = 1016 – 1020 Hz
(4) Ultraviolet rays are absorbed by ozone of the Frequency range of ultraviolet ray,
atmosphere. c = 1015 – 1017 Hz
52. (c) Gamma rays < X-rays < Ultra violet < Visible rays
< Infrared rays < Microwaves < Radio waves. \ a < b; b > c