Smart Jacket for Yoga Posture Correction

Akash G Aman Kumar Dheeraj A

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
Dayananda Sagar University Dayananda Sagar University Dayananda Sagar University
Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India
gakash328@[Link] aman7555kumar@[Link] manjuladheeraj@[Link]

Hemanth M N Supraja Eduru

Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
Dayananda Sagar University Dayananda Sagar University
Bengaluru, India Bengaluru, India
Hemanth123mn@[Link] edurusupraja@[Link]

Abstract— Yoga is becoming increasingly popular, and people supporting upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients by
all around the world are starting to practice it. Practicing Yoga monitoring movements and providing tailored feedback. The
with the right postures is advantageous. However, finding an design of smart rehabilitation garments often involves the
instructor to monitor the appropriateness of yoga poses can be integration of technologies like accelerometers and Bluetooth
challenging at all the times. Hence, a smart jacket is designed for
connectivity to support posture correction and rehabilitation
yoga posture correction that integrates various components
including an ESP32 Microcontroller, MPU6050 Angle Sensor, training. These garments have been instrumental in monitoring
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays, flex sensors, and and correcting shoulder complex and trunk motor control
a touch sensor. PCB design is facilitated by EasyEDA, simulation training by detecting compensatory movements and providing
by Wokwi, coding by Arduino Uno, and cloud data processing by personalized feedback. Additionally, smart garments have been
ThingSpeak. This paper elucidates the design process, system used to capture and classify upper limb gestures in post-stroke
architecture, implementation specifications and potential rehabilitation, showcasing their potential in aiding recovery.
applications of the smart jacket, providing insights into its efficacy Overall, smart rehabilitation garments represent a significant
in aiding yoga poses. This innovative approach enhances user advancement in the field of rehabilitation technology, offering
experience and ensures proper posture alignment, catering to the
innovative solutions for monitoring and correcting posture
rising demand for real-time posture correction during yoga.
during training and recovery processes. These garments
Keywords—Smart jacket, ESP32Microcontroller, MPU6050 leverage wearable technology to provide real-time feedback and
Angle Sensor, User experience, Posture alignment support to individuals undergoing rehabilitation, enhancing the
effectiveness of therapy programs [1].
I. INTRODUCTION The study on Rider Posture Analysis for Postural Correction
The ancient practice of yoga has become very popular all on a Sports Simulator emphasizes the importance of analyzing
over the world due to its many physical, mental, and spiritual rider posture to correct postural issues using a sports simulator.
advantages. But one issue that many yoga practitioners deal with Postural correction is crucial in various sports, as highlighted in
is keeping proper alignment while doing different poses. In studies focusing on horseback riding athletes and their balance
addition to decreasing the practice's effectiveness, bad posture control compared to non-athletes. These studies underscore the
raises the possibility of injury. Smart rehabilitation garments are significance of postural stability and the integration of
an innovative technology that integrates wearable systems for multisensory information for effective postural control.
posture monitoring and rehabilitation. These garments utilize Moreover, research on the impact of posture and recovery
various technologies such as resistance-changing materials, methods on sports injuries highlights the role of correcting
pressure-sensitive conductive sheets, knitted conductive textiles, postural dysfunctions through motor function evaluation and
and conductive yarns to detect and correct posture. The early rehabilitation based on ergonomic sports posture. This
incorporation of accelerometers in garments, like smart shirts, underscores the practical implications of addressing postural
enables the recognition of specific rehabilitation exercise issues in sports to prevent injuries and enhance performance.
postures, providing real-time feedback to users . Additionally, studies on postural evaluation among different
One specific example is the Smart Rehabilitation Garment athlete groups, such as volleyball players, emphasize the
(SRG), a wearable system designed to support posture presence of postural asymmetries and the importance of
correction during rehabilitation training. Such garments have assessing and correcting these imbalances. Understanding the
been developed to be portable and user-friendly, allowing for the relationship between sport-specific training and adaptations in
collection of posture information and instant feedback for postural control sheds light on athletes’ abilities to make
training purposes. These garments have shown promise in postural adjustments influence their performance. The synthesis
of these references underscores the critical role of analyzing and thermoplastic polyurethane in these composite films enhances
correcting rider posture in sports to enhance performance, their washability, ensuring that the smart clothes remain clean
prevent injuries, and improve postural stability. By leveraging and functional even after repeated use and washing cycles. This
advanced technologies, such as sports simulators and wearable feature is essential for practical applications where maintaining
sensors, researchers and practitioners can gain valuable insights hygiene and longevity of the clothing is paramount [7].
into postural dynamics and implement targeted interventions to The effects of a tailor-made girdle on the posture of
optimize athletes’ postural control and overall well-being [2]. adolescents with early scoliosis have been a subject of interest
Real-time posture monitoring systems are essential for in recent research. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact
detecting and correcting poor posture to prevent musculoskeletal of a tailor-made posture correction girdle on patients with early
disorders. Wearable systems equipped with sensors can provide scoliosis, aiming to enhance their imbalanced posture and
real-time feedback to alert individuals of poor posture, potentially reduce the risk of curve progression [8]. The
prompting them to make necessary adjustments. These systems firefighters face significant physiological burdens due to the
continuously monitor posture and offer automated supervision Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) they wear during their
over extended periods to ensure proper body alignment. By duties. Studies have shown that the ensemble of protective gear
utilizing machine learning algorithms, sitting posture worn by firefighters can impact their overall performance during
monitoring systems can assess and enhance seated posture in maximal exercise [9], [10]. The development of a novel Big
real-time. Efficient posture recognition systems have been Data Analytics Framework for Smart Clothing is a cutting-edge
developed to provide robust and cost-effective solutions for area of research that aims to integrate advanced data analytics
detecting and classifying various postures, including seated with wearable technology [11], [12].
postures [3]. After doing a thorough study, a smart jacket for yoga posture
The validation of the wearable acceptability range scale for correction is proposed that integrates various components
smart apparel is a crucial aspect in understanding consumer including an ESP32 Microcontroller, MPU6050 Angle Sensor,
attitudes and intentions towards using smart apparel. The studies Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays, flex sensors,
focuses on validating scales specifically tailored for assessing and a touch sensor. The circuit schematic of smart jacket is
the acceptability of smart apparel. This validation process is designed and simulated by EasyEDA tool before moving to the
essential for ensuring that the scale is reliable and accurately physical implementation stage. Further, the circuit schematic is
measures what it intends to in the context of wearable tested and validated using Wokwi virtual library. The Embedded
technology. By leveraging established theoretical frameworks C code for smart jacket is written, compiled and uploaded to
like the technology acceptance model and considering factors ESP32 microcontroller using Arduino IDE. Moreover, the
such as social acceptability and product attributes, researchers sensor data of the smart jacket is collected, processed and
can gain valuable insights into the acceptance of smart apparel analyzed using ThingSpeak.
among consumers [4]. Consumer resistance to innovation in The later part of the paper is organized as follows: The
smart clothing is influenced by various factors such as system model of the smart jacket for yoga posture correction is
availability, pricing, fashion innovativeness, perceived security, given in Section II. Further, the design of the smart jacket is
and consumer attitudes. Understanding these factors is crucial explained in Section III. The results are obtained and discussed
for companies to develop effective marketing strategies and in Section IV and finally, the conclusion is given Section V.
overcome resistance to innovative smart clothing products.
Also, the availability of the product or service plays a significant II. SYSTEM MODEL
role in determining consumer resistance [5]. A. Block diagram
RFID plays a crucial role in various aspects of the textile
The block diagram of smart jacket for yoga posture correction
industry, manufacturing, inventory control, warehousing,
is given in Fig. 1. The components used for designing the smart
distribution, logistics, automatic object tracking, and supply
jacket are explained as follows:
chain management. In spite of significant benefits offered by
RFID technology, there are certain challenges related to
1. ESP32 Microcontroller: The ESP32 is a versatile
integration, manufacturing processes, and material
microcontroller known for its powerful processing
compatibility persist. Ongoing research and development efforts
capabilities, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity,
aim to overcome these obstacles and enhance the functionality,
making it ideal for IoT applications. It is used to control the
durability, and sustainability of textile products in the future [6].
sensor’s reading and shows the results on display.
The development of multilayered graphene/boron
nitride/thermoplastic polyurethane composite films represents a 2. Flex sensors are a type of sensor that, when bent,
significant advancement in the field of smart clothing changes its resistance. They are frequently used in
technology. These composite films offer a unique combination motion control systems, robotics, and medical devices
of high thermal conductivity, stretchability, and washability, to detect the degree of bending or flexing.
making them ideal for use in adjustable-cooling smart clothes.
By integrating these materials, the composite films can provide
effective cooling properties while maintaining flexibility and
durability, essential for wearable applications. Also, the use of
Fig. 1 Block diagram of the smart jacket for Yoga posture correction

3. An angle sensor is a tool that uses technologies like

potentiometers, Hall effect sensors, or optical encoders to
measure an object's angular position in relation to a
reference point.
4. Display (OLED): OLED is a type of display technology that
produces thin, flexible, energy-efficient screens with vibrant
colors and high contrast ratios by using organic compounds
to emit light when an electric current is applied.
Smartphones, TVs, wearable technology, and other
electronic devices frequently use OLEDs.
5. Heartbeat and temperature sensor: A temperature sensor is
a device that measures and detects temperature, converting
it into an electrical signal. It is widely used in many
applications, including weather monitoring and precise
temperature control and monitoring in industrial processes.
Heartbeat sensors, sometimes referred to as heart rate
sensors, are gadgets that use electrical signals produced by
the heart's contractions to detect and measure a person's
heart rate. They are frequently found in sports equipment,
medical monitors, and wearable fitness trackers to track and
monitor cardiovascular health.
6. LEDs and a buzzer: These devices alert the user to incorrect
posture.
7. ThingSpeak: ThingSpeak is used to process data on cloud
servers. It serves as the main hub for gathering, processing,
and displaying data from Internet of Things devices. Fig. 2 Flow diagram for yoga posture correction
ThingSpeak provides the user with insightful information
about sensor data, empowering them to make well-informed Think about a limit switch located at a chair's backrest. If the
decisions that maximize system performance. user slumps past a certain point, it might activate. The signals
gathered from the sensors and limit switches are sent to a
B. Flow diagram microcontroller. This microcontroller serves as the brains of the
The flow diagram that depicts the operation of the smart system, deciphering the incoming signals. It evaluates the data
jacket for yoga posture correction is given in Fig. 2. The posture it receives by contrasting it with baseline standards for
detection system depicted in this model is intended to track an appropriate posture.
individual’s posture and offer assistance when it deviates from If the microcontroller detects signs of strain on the user's
the ideal alignment. To do this, the system makes use of limit back, most likely by surpassing a postural threshold set by the
switches in conjunction with sensors. The three sensors namely, limit switches, the system initiates corrective action. These
MPU650 Angle Sensor, Flex Sensor, and Touch Sensor are actions typically combine auditory and visual cues to alert the
employed in the system's design. Conversely, limit switches user. LEDs start to blink in order to provide a clear visual
serve as tangible triggers. They probably enter the picture when notification. Additionally, a buzzer may sound to alert the user.
certain postural positions are attained or surpassed. Lastly, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen message may be
used by the system to alert the user directly to their poor posture.
In essence, this posture detection system acts as a feedback
mechanism to promote better posture and potentially prevent
musculoskeletal problems. The system aims to encourage users
to maintain proper alignment by increasing their awareness of used to assess the performance, accuracy, and dependability
their posture and using a variety of sensors along with clear of the various sensors under various conditions.
audio-visual cues. 2. Sensor interface: The sensors must be interfaced with the
proper hardware and software after they have been
III. DESIGN OF SMART JACKET FOR YOGA POSTURE CORRECTION evaluated and chosen. This entails implementing
communication protocols like I2C, SPI, or UART to enable
The breadboard circuit of the smart jacket for yoga posture data transmission and connecting sensors to
correction with components is shown in Fig. 3. microcontrollers, single-board computers, or other
As seen in Fig. 3, the microcontroller is surrounded by a embedded systems.
variety of colorful components like resistors, capacitors, and 3. Storage and analysis of sensor values: In order to derive
sensors. Resistors control the flow of electrical current, while actionable insights, sensor data must be effectively stored
capacitors store energy for quick flash bursts. On the other and examined. In order to process and interpret the data, this
hand, sensors sense variables like temperature, movement, and entails putting in place databases or data storage systems to
light, serving as the circuit's eyes and ears. The intricate web of hold sensor readings and applying machine learning or data
colored wires that connects these components is known as the analysis algorithms.
communication lines in the circuit. They send electrical signals 4. Designing: Creating a thorough plan and blueprint for the
to each component telling it what to do. The circuit's entire complete sensor system, including its hardware, software,
power source is batteries. and integration components, is the task of the designing
phase. Creating unique PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards),
enclosures, and other mechanical parts to house and
safeguard the sensor system may also be part of this phase.
5. Fabrication and Sensor Integration: After the design is
complete, the hardware components are assembled,
soldered connections are made, and sensors are integrated
into the system as a whole.
6. Data processing and capturing: After the sensor system is up
and running, methods for processing and capturing data are
put in place to continuously gather real-time sensor
readings.
7. Develop and monitor the Readings: Finally, the developed
sensor system is deployed and monitored to ensure smooth
operation and performance over time. This involves
monitoring and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalies or
deviations from expected behavior and conducting periodic
Fig. 3 Breadboard circuit of the smart jacket for yoga posture maintenance and calibration to keep the system running
correction optimally.
B. Algorithm for yoga posture correction system using smart
A. Steps for design and integration of sensors in smart jacket jacket
1. Initialization: Set up the OLED display, Wi-Fi, ThingSpeak,
buzzer, buttons, flex and angle sensors, LEDs, and buzzers.
Make sure the actuators and sensors are connected to the
ESP32 microcontroller correctly.
2. Main Loop: Read button states and sensor values
continuously. Show button states and sensor data on the
OLED display. Based on the posting interval, determine
when it's appropriate to send data to Thing Speak.
3. Posture Checking:
If yoga mode is not activated:
• Check for sitting posture: If any of the flex sensor values
(shoulder left, shoulder right, back, neck) fall below a
threshold, activate LEDs and buzzer as an alert for
Fig. 4 Steps for design and integration of sensors in smart jacket incorrect posture.
The process steps involved in the yoga posture correction • Check for standing posture: If the angle of either
system as shown in Fig. 4 are explained as follows: hand exceeds a threshold, activate LEDs and buzzer
1. Sensor testing: To make sure the sensors fulfill project as an alert for incorrect posture.
requirements and standards, a thorough testing process is If yoga mode is activated:
 • Implement specific yoga posture checks based on
predefined thresholds and conditions. Provide
feedback on the OLED display regarding posture
correctness.
4. Upload data to ThingSpeak: Construct fields out of sensor
data. For remote monitoring, send the information to
ThingSpeak.
5. Button Debouncing: To avoid multiple toggles with a single
press, add a debounce delay after detecting a button press.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section takes into account the various flex and angle sensor
positions for the siddhasana pose depicted in Fig. 5. The OLED
display displays the corresponding outputs. Interactive feedback
delivery and real-time posture monitoring are made possible by
the integration of the MPU6050 Angle Sensor, ESP32
Microcontroller, OLED Displays, Flex Sensors, and Touch
Sensor together. Following extensive testing and improvement, Fig. 6 The flex sensor and angle sensors are in right position
the Smart Jacket exhibits promising outcomes in terms of
accurately recognizing and modifying yoga poses. The smart jacket’s flex and angle sensors are positioned
An Arduino sketch that communicates with various appropriately. The sensors' alignment is displayed in Fig. 6,
components and sensors is the embedded C code. It utilizes which shows that there is no deviation in the sensors' alignment.
libraries for Internet of Things communication, Bluetooth, Wi- So, everything looks fine on the OLED display, and your
Fi, and accelerometer/gyroscope. Buttons, buzzers, LEDs, flex posture is perfect.
sensors, and MPU6050 connections are all connected to pins.
During setup, pin modes, serial communication, sensor Case 2: The flex sensor and angle sensor are bending
initialization, and OLED display configuration are all
completed. Additionally, a WiFi connection is made and the The flex and angle sensors display bending, indicating
ThingSpeak client is initialized. The loop reads sensor values, incorrect posture on the LED Display. This misalignment is
continuously checks the buttons' status, and shows the results clearly visible in Fig. 7, prompting the need for adjustment. The
on the OLED. deviation from the straight position is apparent from the sensor
readings. The LED Display signals the need for posture
correction.

Fig. 5 Siddhasana Pose

Fig. 7 Flex sensors and angle sensors are bending
Cas[Link] The flex sensor and angle sensor are in right position
Case 3: The flex sensor is bending and the angle sensor remains
straight.
 The flex sensor shows bending, while the angle sensor V. CONCLUSION
remains straight as shown in Fig. 8. On the Display, it's evident A potential remedy for the growing issues surrounding bad
that the back is not straight, indicating the need to sit properly. posture and its negative impacts on health and wellbeing is
Maintaining correct posture is crucial for spinal health. Adjust
smart clothing designed to correct posture. These cutting-edge
seating position accordingly to ensure proper alignment.
clothes incorporate sophisticated technologies like sensors,
actuators, and machine learning algorithms to provide users
with real-time feedback and support in maintaining good
posture. All things considered, using smart clothing to correct
one's posture is a promising way to enhance one's posture, avoid
musculoskeletal problems, and advance general health and
wellbeing. In the end, the discussion highlights how crucial the
Smart Jacket is as a technological development for promoting
proper posture and boosting the effectiveness of yoga practice.
This paper examines various flex and angle sensor positions in
the siddhasana pose and displays the corresponding outputs.

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