Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IX

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

SCHOOL : Mutia National High School Ext. Alvenda GRADE LEVEL: 8

TEACHER : Mr. Jashem G. Agum LEARNING AREA: Science
DATE & TIME: 02/25/25 (1:00-1:45 P.M) QUARTER: 4th

I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standard
1. the digestive system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and excretory
systems in providing the body with nutrients for energy
2. diseases that result from
nutrient deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances, and their prevention and treatment
B. Performance Standards
present an analysis of the data gathered on diseases resulting from nutrient
deficiency
C. Learning Competency
Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion (S8LT-IVa-13)
D. Specific Objectives
At the end of the discussion, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the organs that make up the digestive system;
2. Give the function of each organ; and
3. Explain ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion.

II. CONTENT
The Digestive System
III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide Pages - None
2. Additional Materials from LR Portal - None

B. Other Learning Resources - internet and books

C. Materials - visual aids and pictures

IV. PROCEDURES
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
A. Preparatory Activities
 1. Prayer
Please stand for the opening prayer. Please lead the
prayer, ______.
In the name of the Father, the Son, the Holy
Spirit, Amen…

2. Greetings

Good afternoon, class!

Good afternoon, Teacher Jash!
How are you this afternoon?
We are all fine, Teacher Jash!
That is so nice to hear from you.
Before you take your seats, kindly pick up the trashes under
your chair and arrange your chair properly.
(Students arranged their chairs)
3. Checking of Attendance
Okay! Let me check your attendance. Is anyone in the
class absent? (Students answer)

4. Agreement
Before we finally move on to our lesson, let us first have
an agreement. Is that fine with you all?
Yes, Teacher!
I want you to keep all things that are not needed to
our discussion. Sit properly and do not talk with your
seatmates.
Ok Teacher.
What will you do if you want to answer to my
questions?
We’ll just raise our hands silently, Teacher.
Very good!

And what will you do if somebody is talking here in

front?
We should listen attentively, Teacher.
Bravo!

What about if we have group activities?

We have to cooperate and participate, sir.

Great!

So, do we have an agreement now?

Yes, Teacher!

Energizer (P.E)

Active Mind!
I want you all to stand for this short energizer.
(Students are standing)
(Orientation of the energizer)

When I say jump all you need to do is to clap! And when I

say clap all you need to do is to clap your hand! Is the
instructions clear class?
Yes, sir!
Clap!
(Students are jumping)
Jump
(Students are clapping their hands)
Jump!
(Students are clapping their hands)
Clap!
(Students are jumping)

How was the energizer class?

It was fun teacher Jash!
B. Elicit
Before we proceed to our lesson today, let’s have a short
activity!

Now, for your first activity this morning. I

prepared an activity and all you need to do is to
follow the given instructions.
(Students are listening)
Activity 1: Go, Grow, and Glow
Directions: Identify the picture if it emphasized a Go foods,
Grow foods, and Glow foods.

(HEALTH)

1.

Go Foods (energy giving food group)

2.
 Glow foods (body regulating food group)

3.

Grow foods (body building food group)

Do you still have questions about your first activity class

regarding on the three types of food?

Alright!

C. Engage

1. Motivation No, Teacher.

Now let’s move on to our next activity.

Activity 2: 4 Pics One Word!

Direction: Observe the 4 pictures below and
guess what word is linked from them and the set
of letters below.

1.

2.

Mouth
 Intestine
3.

4.
Esophagus

Stomach
Now base on the four major Organs presented
on the activity: Mouth, Intestine, Esophagus, and
Stomach.
What specific system of the body does these
four organs belong?

Very Good!

Now base on your answer. What probably our

topic this afternoon?

Exactly!!

2. Presentation (Propel)

Our lesson for today is all about Digestive System. At the

end of our discussion, I am expecting that you will be able to
identify the organs that make up the digestive system; give
the function of each organ; and explain ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation, and excretion. Digestive System

Are the objectives clear class?

D. Explore
Digestive System Teacher Jash!
Now, students let’s have an activity!

Students will be grouped into 3 and each group will be given

a material needed for the activity. All they need to do is to
follow the instructions given and answer the guide
questions given to them. They have 5 minutes to brainstorm
with their groupmates. Students also will be provided with
hand-outs for their reference. (Students are reading the lesson’s objectives)

Differentiated Activity

Group 1
Yes Teacher Jash!
I Fill You!

(Students grouped themselves and accomplished

the task)
Directions: Label the main organs involved in the digestive
system in the figure below. Complete it using the word
given on the box.

(Students working with the activity)

Answer

 Anus
 Mouth
 Large Intestine
 Small Intestine
 Rectum
 Esophagus
 Stomach

Group 2
Match ME!

Directions: Describe the function of each organs in the

digestive system by matching column A with column B.
 (Students working with the activity)

Answer

Group 3
Share It!
Directions: Study the figure below and answer the questions
that follow.
 (Students working with the activity)

Answer

Questions:

1. When does ingestion begin?

___________________________________
2. What happens to food when it is in your:
a. mouth ___________________________;
b. stomach __________________________; 1. When does ingestion begin?
c. small intestine _____________________? - If food, drink or any substances enter into the
3. How are nutrients from the food you eat mouth.
absorbed after digestion?
___________________________________ 2. What happens to food when it is in your:
4. Why are villus and microvilli important in a. mouth
the human digestive system?
___________________________________ - When food is in your mouth, it's broken down
5. What happens to the undigested food in the large into smaller pieces and mixed with saliva. This
intestine? process prepares food for swallowing and
_______________________________ digestion.

b. stomach
- When food is in your stomach, it's mixed with
digestive juices, broken down, and then slowly
emptied into the small intestine.

c. small intestine
- In your small intestine, food is broken down
further, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is
formed.

3. How are nutrients from the food you eat

absorbed after digestion?
- Absorption is the process of passing the soluble
food
molecules in the wall of the small intestine
through the villi.
 4. Why are villus and microvilli important in
the human digestive system?
- It also increases the amount of surface
Please be mindful class on the given rubrics. area available for the absorption of
nutrients.
Scoring Rubrics 5. What happens to the undigested food in the
large
Criteria 3 2 1 intestine?
Content/ All answers are Most of Only few - The undigested food will be collected in
Accuracy correct the of the the rectum called feces and pushed out of
answers answers the body through the anus by defecation.
are are
correct correct
with slight
errors
Cooperation All members Most Only few
are on the task members members
are on the are on the
task task
Timeliness Finished the Finished Not able
task before the the task to finish
allotted time on time the task
within the
allotted
time

Your 5-minutes time is over. Let’s have the presentation of

the group outputs.

Excellent work class! Give yourselves a round of

applause for a job well done.

How did you feel about the activity?

(Group presentation)

E. Explain

(Processing of answers to the activity) (Students clapped themselves)

Ok class! Let’s further discuss what really is Digestive It was fun, Teacher Jash!
system.

Why do we eat?
Correct!

Is eating necessary in keeping us alive?

We eat to get nutrients that provide energy, help

us grow, and repair our bodies.
Exactly!

Where do we get the energy that enables us to carry out the

many activities that we do each day? Yes, eating is necessary for life because food
provides the nutrients and energy that our bodies
need to function.
Absolutely!

The digestive system is a series of organs that breaks down

food and absorbs nutrients. The energy for daily activities comes from the
food we eat
Digestive System

(Students listen to the discussion and participate)

(Students listen to the discussion and participate)

Functions of the Different Organ of Digestive System

1. Mouth
- This is where the food is mechanically broken
down by chewing chewed pulp and the tongue
helps in pushing the bits and broken into small
pieces for easier digestion. In here, the saliva
softens the food to of food into the pharynx.
 2. Esophagus
- It is a tube that connects the mouth and
stomach. It carries the food down to your
stomach for temporary storage and further
digestion.
3. Stomach
- J-shaped organ found at the end of the
esophagus on the upper left side of the abdomen (Students listen to the discussion and participate)
or abdominal cavity that produces gastric juices
and acids.
- It also stores food that can hold approximately
one liter of fluid and food.
- The stomach produces digestive juices, or gastric
juice, to break down food and prepare it for the
small intestine.
4. Small Intestine
- In your small intestine, food is broken down
further, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is
formed.
Organic compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, and (Students listen to the discussion and participate)
fats are specifically broken down with the aid of different
enzymes.

Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars by enzymes like

amylase, maltase and lactase.
Proteins are broken down into amino acids by enzymes like
trypsin and peptidase.
Fats are broken down into fatty acids by the enzyme lipase.

5. Large Intestine
- It reabsorbs water from undigested food
materials coming from the small intestine.
6. Rectum
- stores feces until it is ready to be eliminated.
7. Anus
- is the opening through which the waste is
expelled from the body.

The Different Processes of Digestive system

 (Students listen to the discussion and participate)

The journey of the food starts from the mouth down to the
anus takes about 18-20 hours.

A. INGESTION is the first process that happens in digestive

system. It is the journey of taking in food or any substance
into the body through the mouth.

B. DIGESTION is the second process involved in digestive (Students listen to the discussion and participate)
system. It is the process that involves break down of large
food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption
of the cells.

While the food is in the mouth, the teeth cut, crush, and
break it apart into tiny pieces while the tongue helps mix
food with saliva secreted by the salivary glands forming into
a moist ball called bolus so it can be easily swallowed.

C. Absorption is the third process that happens in the

digestive system. It is the process of passing the soluble
food molecules in the wall of the small intestine through the
villi.

Villi - the tiny, finger-like projections from the epithelial

lining of the intestinal wall. Each villus contains blood
capillaries that enable it to absorb water, glucose, amino
acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. It also increases
the amount of surface area available for the absorption of (Students listen to the discussion and participate)
nutrients.

D. Assimilation is the fourth process that occurs in the

digestive system. It is the movement of digested food
nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine
through diffusion and use of nutrients into the body cells
through the microvilli.

Microvilli - tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of

some cells that increase the cell's surface area.

Villus and Microvilli are both important in the human

digestive system because It increases the amount of surface
area available for the absorption of nutrients.

E. Egestion is the last process that occurs in the digestive

system. It is the release of undigested food collected in the
rectum called feces and pushed out of the body through the
anus by defecation.

F. Elaborate
1. Generalization

Again class! What is Digestive System?

Correct! The digestive system is a series of organs that

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
What are the organs that make up the digestive system and
how about their functions?

Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine,

Very good! Those are the major organs that make up our Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anus. Teacher Jash!
digestive system and their respective functions.

How about the different processes of digestive system? (Students answer varies for the functions)

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, and

2. Application Excretion. Teacher Jash!

You Are What You Eat!

Class! If you will be asked to choose among the pictures to
be presented, which of the following food would you like to
eat in order for you to achieved a healthy and holistic body.

Mark (/) if the picture has a good impact into your body and
(X) if not.

Answer
 1. /
2. X
3. X
4. /
5. /
6. X
7. X
8. /
9. /
10. /

I think you are ready enough to take our quiz class. Please
prepare ¼ sheet of paper.

G. Evaluate
Direction: Read the following questions carefully. Choose (Students are answering the evaluation)
the correct answer from the given choices.

1. What is the main work of the digestive system?

A. fights disease
B. regenerates cells
C. breaks down food
D. distributes energy throughout the body
2. What will happen to the undigested food that pass
through the digestive tract?
A. goes to the pancreas to await disposal
B. enters to the stomach and await disposal
C. goes to small intestine and await disposal
D. The undigested food will be collected in the rectum
called feces and pushed out of the body through the
anus by defecation.

3. Where does absorption of nutrients mostly occur?

A. stomach B. small intestine
C. large intestine D. Anus

4. Which process in digestive system involves the

breakdown of large food molecules into smaller
 molecules for easy absorption of the cells?
A. Ingestion B. Digestion
Answer
B. C. Absorption D. Assimilation
5. Which of the following is the correct order of the
digestive tract?
A. mouth → rectum → esophagus → rectum → anus →
small intestine → large intestine
B. mouth → stomach → esophagus → rectum → anus →
small intestine →large intestine
C. mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine →
large intestine → rectum → anus
D. mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine →
anus → large intestine → rectum

H. Extend

Now I Know!
Create an infographic of the digestive system - parts and
functions as well as the disorders or problems that you might be
getting from malfunction of some organs of the digestive system.

Sample
Front Back

Rubrics for Infographic

Relevance to the theme 40%

 Originality 30%
Creativity 20%
Visual impact 10%

Any questions or clarifications regarding the lesson today?

If none! That’s all for day! Goodbye class!

None, Teacher Jash!

Goodbye Teacher Jash!