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Fpga

An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable digital integrated circuit that allows users to configure logic functions through its architecture, which includes Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB), interconnects, and I/O blocks. Common applications of FPGAs include digital signal processing, embedded system prototyping, and custom processor implementation. FPGAs differ from microcontrollers in their architecture, programming methods, flexibility, speed, and use cases, with FPGAs being more suitable for custom digital logic designs.

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37 views3 pages

Fpga

An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable digital integrated circuit that allows users to configure logic functions through its architecture, which includes Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB), interconnects, and I/O blocks. Common applications of FPGAs include digital signal processing, embedded system prototyping, and custom processor implementation. FPGAs differ from microcontrollers in their architecture, programming methods, flexibility, speed, and use cases, with FPGAs being more suitable for custom digital logic designs.

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patelsaksham2002
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Basics of FPGA Architecture and

Applications
What is FPGA?

An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a type of digital integrated circuit that can be
programmed (configured) by the user after manufacturing to perform a wide range of logic
functions. It contains an array of logic blocks, interconnects, and I/O blocks that can be
customized to implement complex digital circuits.

FPGA Architecture
The general FPGA architecture consists of three types of modules. They are I/O blocks or Pads,
Switch Matrix/ Interconnection Wires and Configurable logic blocks (CLB). The basic FPGA
architecture has two dimensional arrays of logic blocks with a means for a user to arrange the
interconnection between the logic blocks. The functions of an FPGA architecture module are
discussed below:

 CLB (Configurable Logic Block) includes digital logic, inputs, outputs. It implements the user logic.
 Interconnects provide direction between the logic blocks to implement the user logic.
 Depending on the logic, switch matrix provides switching between interconnects.
 I/O Pads used for the outside world to communicate with different applications.
Block Diagram:
Logic Block contains MUX (Multiplexer), D flip flop and LUT. LUT implements the combinational
logical functions; the MUX is used for selection logic, and D flip flop stores the output of the LUT
The basic building block of the FPGA is the Look Up Table based function generator. The number of
inputs to the LUT vary from 3,4,6, and even 8 after experiments. Now, we have adaptive LUTs that
provides two outputs per single LUT with the implementation of two function generators.

Xilinx Virtex-5 is the most popular FPGA, that contains a Look up Table (LUT) which is connected
with MUX, and a flip flop as discussed above. Present FPGA consists of about hundreds or
thousands of configurable logic blocks. For configuring the FPGA, Modelsim and Xilinx ISE
softwares are used to generate a bitstream file and for development.

Common Applications of FPGAs:

 Digital signal processing (DSP)


 Embedded system prototyping
 Communication systems
 Image and video processing
 Custom processor implementation
 Industrial automation and robotics
 Cryptography and security systems
Difference Between FPGA and Microcontroller:
Feature FPGA Microcontroller

Sequential
Architecture Parallel (hardware-based) (software-
based)

Programming HDL (VHDL/Verilog) C/C++

Fixed
Flexibility Highly reconfigurable
instruction set

Slower, suitable
Speed Faster for parallel tasks
for control

Control-
Use Case Custom digital logic design
oriented tasks

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