This code defines a Hash Generator module that provides methods to generate hashes, random
strings, random digits, and HMAC signatures. It uses:
bcrypt (for password hashing and comparison)
crypto (for generating random bytes and HMAC signatures)
bluebird (for Promise-based handling)
Let’s break it down step by step.
1. Module Declaration
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((hashOperator) => {
This is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE) that takes module.exports as
hashOperator, allowing the module to export functions.
2. Dependencies
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const Promise = require("bluebird");
const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
const crypto = require('crypto');
bluebird: A promise library (used here to wrap callback-based functions).
bcrypt: Used for password hashing, salting, and verification.
crypto: Used for generating random bytes and HMAC signatures.
3. Password Hashing (computeHash)
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hashOperator.computeHash = (sourcePassword, salt) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
bcrypt.hash(sourcePassword, salt, (err, hash) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(hash);
});
});
};
Takes a password (sourcePassword) and a salt.
Uses bcrypt.hash() to hash the password.
Returns a Promise resolving with the hashed password.
4. Generate a Random Salt (createSalt)
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hashOperator.createSalt = () => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
bcrypt.genSalt(parseInt(process.env.SALT_ROUNDS), (err, salt) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(salt);
}
});
});
};
Uses bcrypt.genSalt() to generate a salt with rounds from process.env.SALT_ROUNDS.
Returns a Promise resolving with the generated salt.
5. Compare Password with Hash (comparePassword)
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hashOperator.comparePassword = (inputPwd, hash) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
bcrypt.compare(inputPwd, hash, (err, isMatch) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(isMatch);
});
});
};
Takes a plain text password and a stored hash.
Uses bcrypt.compare() to check if they match.
Returns true if matched, false otherwise.
6. Generate Random String (generateRandomBytes)
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hashOperator.generateRandomBytes = (length) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
crypto.randomBytes(length, (err, saltBuffer) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(saltBuffer.toString('hex').substring(0, length));
});
});
};
Uses crypto.randomBytes() to generate random bytes.
Converts them into a hex string and returns only the required length.
7. Generate Random Digits (generateRandomDigits)
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hashOperator.generateRandomDigits = (length) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
try {
let randomString = '';
for (let i = 1; i < length; i++) {
randomString += '0';
}
resolve(Math.floor(parseInt(1 + randomString) + Math.random() * parseInt(9 +
randomString)));
} catch (err) {
reject(err);
});
};
Generates random digits of specified length.
Uses Math.random() and string manipulation.
8. Generate HMAC Signature (generateHMACSignature)
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hashOperator.generateHMACSignature = async (requestObj) => {
console.log("==== Signature Request === >", requestObj);
const payload = JSON.stringify(requestObj);
console.log("==== Signature Payload === >", payload);
return crypto
.createHmac('sha256', process.env.SHARED_HMAC_SECRET)
.update(payload)
.digest('hex');
Converts requestObj into a JSON string.
Uses crypto.createHmac() to create an HMAC SHA-256 signature with a shared secret
key (process.env.SHARED_HMAC_SECRET).
Returns the hex digest.
9. Verify HMAC Signature (verifySignature)
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hashOperator.verifySignature = async (body, headers) => {
const verifyingSignature = await hashOperator.generateHMACSignature(body);
if (verifyingSignature === headers) {
return true;
return false;
Computes HMAC for the request body.
Compares it with the given headers.
Returns true if they match (valid signature).
Summary
Function Purpose
computeHash(password, salt) Hash a password using bcrypt.
createSalt() Generate a salt for password hashing.
comparePassword(inputPwd, hash) Compare a password with its hash.
generateRandomBytes(length) Generate a random string using crypto.
generateRandomDigits(length) Generate random digits.
generateHMACSignature(requestObj) Generate an HMAC signature.
verifySignature(body, headers) Verify if a signature is correct.
Would you like me to explain anything in more detail? 🚀
In simple words:
This part of the code ((hashOperator) => { ... })(module.exports); is like packing all the
functions inside a box (called hashOperator) and then immediately using that box to store
functions in module.exports.
This way, when someone else imports this file in their project, they can use all the functions
inside hashOperator.
Think of it like a toolbox 📦 where all tools (functions) are neatly stored and ready to be used.
Why Use IIFE?
1. Avoids polluting global scope (Keeps variables inside the function).
2. Runs code instantly without needing an extra function call.
3. Good for modules (like your HashGenerator code)
An Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE) is a function that runs as soon as it is
defined.
Simple Explanation
Think of it like writing a self-executing recipe:
You write a recipe (function).
Instead of waiting for someone to use it later, you cook the food immediately (execute
the function right away).
how did you know it is an asynchronous function
ChatGPT said:
I knew this function is asynchronous because of the following reasons:
1. It Returns a Promise
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return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { ... });
Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations.
If a function returns a Promise, it means it does not execute synchronously but will
complete sometime in the future.
2. It Uses bcrypt.hash()
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bcrypt.hash(sourcePassword, salt, (err, hash) => { ... });
bcrypt.hash() is an asynchronous function in bcrypt.
It does not return the hash immediately but instead calls a callback function (err, hash).
If bcrypt.hash() were synchronous, it would return the hash directly instead of using a
callback.
Code Explanation:
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hashOperator.computeHash = (sourcePassword, salt) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
bcrypt.hash(sourcePassword, salt, (err, hash) => {
if (err) {
reject(err);
} else {
resolve(hash);
});
});
};
Step-by-step Breakdown:
1. Function Definition:
o hashOperator.computeHash is assigned an arrow function that takes two
arguments:
sourcePassword: The password that needs to be hashed.
salt: The salt value (a random string or number) used to strengthen the
hash.
2. Promise-based Asynchronous Execution:
o The function returns a new Promise that:
Calls bcrypt.hash(), a function from the bcrypt library that hashes the
password.
Uses a callback function (err, hash) to handle the result.
3. bcrypt.hash() Execution:
o bcrypt.hash(sourcePassword, salt, callback)
Hashes sourcePassword using salt.
Calls the provided callback function with either:
err: If an error occurs, the promise is rejected.
hash: If successful, the promise is resolved with the hashed
password.
Think of a Promise as a "future result"—something that will be ready later, like ordering food at
a restaurant. You place an order (start a task), and while you wait, you can do other things.
When the food is ready, you get it (task completes).
An asynchronous function (async function) is a special kind of function that always returns a
Promise. Inside an async function, you can use the await keyword to pause execution until a
Promise is resolved.
So, in simple terms:
A Promise represents a future result.
An async function always returns a Promise.
await is used inside an async function to wait for a Promise to finish.
You can handle asynchronous Promises in 3 main ways:
1️⃣ Using async/await (Modern and easiest way)
This is the cleanest and most readable way to handle asynchronous code. You can use await
inside an async function to pause execution until a Promise resolves or rejects.
Example:
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async function fetchData() {
try {
let result = await fetch("https://api.example.com/data"); // Wait for response
let data = await result.json(); // Wait to parse JSON
console.log(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error("Error fetching data:", error);
fetchData();
2️⃣ Using .then() and .catch() (Traditional Promise chaining)
This method is used directly on a Promise, where you chain .then() to handle success
and .catch() to handle errors.
Example:
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fetch("https://api.example.com/data")
.then(response => response.json()) // Handle success
.then(data => console.log(data)) // Use the data
.catch(error => console.error("Error fetching data:", error)); // Handle error
3️⃣ Using new Promise() (Manual creation and handling)
You can create a new Promise yourself using new Promise((resolve, reject) => {...}). This gives
you more control over how the Promise resolves or rejects.
Example:
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function fetchData() {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fetch("https://api.example.com/data")
.then(response => response.json()) // Convert to JSON
.then(data => resolve(data)) // Resolve the Promise with data
.catch(error => reject(error)); // Reject if there's an error
});
// Handling the Promise
fetchData()
.then(data => console.log(data)) // Handle success
.catch(error => console.error("Error fetching data:", error)); // Handle error
Summary of Methods:
1. async/await: Cleaner, easier, and more readable.
2. .then() and .catch(): Traditional way of handling Promises.
3. new Promise(): For custom asynchronous operations where you want manual control.
I hope this clears up the different ways you can handle async Promises! Feel free to ask if you
have more questions. 😊
