SUBJECT: ACCOUNTANCY

DATE TOTAL DAYS DAY

 Chapter

1. Chapter 1 Introduction of accounting

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2. Chapter 2 Theory Base of accounting

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3. Chapter 3 Recording of Transactions-I
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4. Chapter 4 Recording of Transactions-II

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5. Chapter 5 Bank Reconciliation Statement

6. Chapter 6 Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors

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7. Chapter 7 Depreciation, Provisions and Reserves
8. Chapter 8 Financial Statements – I

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9. Chapter 9 Financial Statements – II

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 TOPIC

1.1. Meaning of Accounting

1.2. Accounting as a Source of information

1.3. Objective of Accounting

1.4. Role of Accounting

1.5. Basics terms in Accounting

2.1. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

2.2. Basic Accounting Concepts

2.3. Business Entity Concept

2.4. Money Measurement Concept

2.5. Going Concern Concept

2.6. Accounting Period Concept

2.7. Cost Concept

2.8. Dual Aspect Concept

2.9. Revenue Recognition (Realisation) Concept

2.10. Matching Concept

2.11. System of Accounting

2.12. Basis of Accounting

2.13. Accounting Standards

3.1. Business Transactions and Source Document

3.2. Accounting Equation

3.3. Using Debit and Credit

3.4. Books of Original Entry

3.5. The Ledger

3.6. Posting from Journal

4.1. Cash Book

4.2. Purchases (Journal) Book

4.3. Purchases Return (Journal) Book

4.4. Sales (Journal) Book

4.5. Sales Return (Journal) Book

4.6. Journal Proper

4.7. Balancing the Accounts

5.1. Need for Reconciliation

5.2. Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement

6.1. Meaning of Trial Balance

6.2. Objectives of Preparing the Trial Balance

6.3. Preparation of Trial Balance

6.4. Significance of Agreement of Trial Balance

6.5. Searching of Errors

6.6. Rectification of Errors

7.1. Depreciation

7.2. Depreciation and other Similar Terms

7.3. Causes of Depreciation

7.4. Need for Depreciation

7.5. Factors Affecting the Amount of Depreciation

7.6. Methods of Calculating Depreciation Amount

7.7. Straight Line Method and Written Down Method: A Comparative Analysis

7.8. Methods of Recording Depreciation

7.9. Disposal of Asset

7.10. Effect of any Addition or Extension to the Existing Asset

7.11. Provisions

7.12. Reserves
7.13. Secret Reserve

8.1. Stakeholders and their Information Requirements

8.2. Distinction between Capital and Revenue

8.3. Financial Statements

8.4. Trading and Profit and Loss Account

8.5. Operating Profit (EBIT)

8.6. Balance Sheet

8.7. Opening Entry

9.1. Need for Adjustments

9.2. Closing Stock

9.3. Outstanding Expenses

9.4. Prepaid Expenses

9.5. Accrued Income

9.6. Income Received in Advance

9.7. Depreciation

9.8. Bad Debts

9.9. Provision for Bad and Doubtful Debts

9.10. Provision for Discount on Debtors

9.11. Manager’s Commission

9.12. Interest on Capital

CLASSROOM TEACHING VIDEOS
parative Analysis
 SC
SUB TOPIC

1.1.1. Economic Events

1.1.2. Identification, Measurement, Recording and Communication

1.1.3. Organization

1.1.4. Interested Users of Information

1.2.1. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information

1.3.1. Maintenance of Record of Business Transaction

1.3.2. Calculation of Profit and Loss

1.3.3. Depiction of Financial Position
1.3.4. Providing Accounting Information to its Users

1.5.1. Entity
1.5.2. Transaction
1.5.3. Assets
1.5.4. Liabilities
1.5.5. Capital
1.5.5. Capital
1.5.6. Revenues
1.5.8. Expenses
1.5.9. Expenditure
1.5.10. Profit

1.5.11. Gain

1.5.12. Loss
1.5.13. Discount
1.5.14. Voucher
1.5.15. Goods
1.5.16. Drawings
1.5.17. Purchases
1.5.18. Stock
1.5.19. Debtors
1.5.20. Creditors
 2.10.1. Full Disclosure Concept

2.10.2. Consistency Concept

2.10.3. Conservatism Concept

2.10.4. Materiality Concept

2.10.5. Objectivity Concept

3.1.1. Preparation of Accounting Vouchers

3.3.1. Rules of Debit and Credit

3.4.1. Journal

3.5.1. Classification of Ledger Accounts

4.1.1. Single Column Cash Book

4.1.2. Double Column Cash Book

4.1.3. Petty Cash Book

4.1.4. Balancing of Cash Book

5.1.1. Timing Differences

5.1.2. Differences Caused by Error

5.2.1. Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement without adjustin

6.2.1. To Ascertain the Arithmetical Accuracy of Ledger Accounts

6.2.2. To Help in Locating Errors

6.2.3. To Help in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

6.3.1. Totals method

6.3.2. Balances Method

6.3.3. Totals-cum-balances Method

6.4.1. Classification of Errors

6.4.2. Errors of Commission

6.4.3. Errors of Omission

6.4.4. Errors of Principle
6.4.5. Compensating Errors

6.6.1. Rectification of Errors which do not Affect the Trial Balance

6.6.2. Rectification of Errors Affecting Trial Balance
6.6.3. Rectification of Errors in the Next Accounting Year

7.1.1. Meaning of Depreciation

7.1.2. Features of Depreciation

7.2.1. Depletion

7.2.2. Amortization
7.3.1. Wear and Tear due to Use or Passage of Time
7.3.2. Expiration of Legal Rights
7.3.3. Obsolescence
7.3.4. Abnormal Factors

7.4.1. Matching of Costs and Revenue

7.4.2. Consideration of Tax

7.4.3. True and Fair Financial Position
7.4.4. Compliance with Law

7.5.1. Cost of Asset

7.5.2. Estimated Net Residual Value
7.5.3. Depreciable Cost
7.5.4. Estimated Useful Life

7.6.1. Straight Line Method

7.6.2. Advantages of Straight Line Method
7.6.3. Limitations of Straight Line Method
7.6.4. Written Down Value Method
7.6.5. Advantages of Written Down Value Method
7.6.6. Limitations of Written Down Value Method

7.7.1. Basis of Charging Depreciation

7.7.2. Annual Charge of Depreciation
7.7.3. Total Charge Against Profit and Loss Account on Account of De
7.7.4. Recognition by Income Tax Law
7.7.5. Suitability

7.8.1. Charging Depreciation to Asset account

7.8.2. Creating Provision for Depreciation Account/Accumulated Depreciation Account

7.9.1. Use of Asset Disposal Account

7.11.1. Accounting Treatment for Provisions

7.12.1. Difference between Reserve and Provision

7.12.2. Types of Reserves
7.12.3. Difference between Revenue and Capital Reserve
7.12.4. Importance of Reserves

8.2.1. Expenditure

8.2.2. Receipts

8.2.3. Importance of Distinction between Capital and Revenue

8.4.1. Relevant Items in Trading and Profit and Loss Account

8.4.2. Closing Entries

8.4.3. Concept of Gross Profit and Net Profit

8.4.4. Cost of Goods Sold and Closing Stock–Trading Account Revisite

8.6.1. Preparing Balance Sheet

8.6.2. Relevant Items in the Balance Sheet

8.6.3. Marshaling and Grouping of Assets and Liabilities
 NAGEEN GROU
SCHOOL OF EDU
DAY WISE/DAILY SPLIT U

ACTIVITIES

Create a list of basic accounting terms and their definitions. Discuss each term in
class and clarify any doubts.

Research and present a short report on the differences between financial

accounting and management accounting.

Discuss examples of different types of businesses (e.g., sole proprietorship,

partnership, corporation) and how accounting principles apply to each.

Group discussion on the primary objectives of accounting. Students can share

their perspectives on why accounting is essential for businesses.

Divide the class into groups and assign each group one branch of accounting
(e.g., financial accounting, cost accounting, management accounting). Have each
group present the key features and functions of their assigned branch.

Analyze financial statements of a fictional company, discussing how the principles

Form small teams and assign each team a specific accounting concept (e.g.,
Money Measurement, Dual Aspect). Have them explain the concept using real-life
examples.

Invite a guest speaker (an accountant or a professional from the finance industry)
to discuss their role, responsibilities, and the importance of ethical considerations
in accounting.

Solve practical problems related to the accounting equation. This can include transactions and adjustments to
reinforce the concept.
Solve practical problems related to the accounting equation. This can include transactions and adjustments to
reinforce the concept.

Organize a debate where students discuss the advantages and limitations of accounting. Encourage critical
thinking and reasoning.

Research and present a timeline of the historical development of accounting.

Discuss how accounting practices have evolved over time.

Role-play activity where students act as accountants communicating financial information to stakeholders
using accounting terminology.

Activity 1: Research and present a brief history of accounting principles. Discuss how they have evolved over
time.

Activity 2: Create a poster or presentation illustrating the fundamental accounting concepts (e.g., Business
Entity, Money Measurement, Going Concern, etc.). Provide real-world examples for each concept.

Interview a local business owner or accountant to understand how they apply conventions like "Conservatism"
in their financial decision-making.

Form small groups and research the primary objectives of accounting. Create a
skit or role play demonstrating how these objectives are met in a business
scenario.
 Investigate the role of a specific accounting standard (e.g., IFRS or GAAP) in
global financial reporting. Discuss its impact on international business practices.

Investigate the role of a specific accounting standard (e.g., IFRS or GAAP) in

global financial reporting. Discuss its impact on international business practices.

Compare and contrast the GAAP with IFRS. Highlight the key differences and
similarities between these two sets of accounting standards.

Explore different accounting policies adopted by companies in the same

industry. Discuss the impact of these policies on the financial statements.

Research and present a brief on emerging trends in accounting technology (e.g.,

blockchain, artificial intelligence). Discuss their potential impact on traditional
accounting practices.

Have students match the terms with their correct definitions.

Provide a set of transactions and ask students to record them using the accounting

Discuss the reasoning behind each entry.

Assign different types of transactions and have students create vouchers for each.

Encourage them to follow proper format and use appropriate narration.

Provide a trial balance with some errors and have students identify and correct t
 Activity: Provide a set of business transactions and ask students to create
journal entries for each transaction.

Ask students to create ledger accounts for different accounts such as Cash,
Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, etc.

Provide a trial balance with some errors, and ask students to identify and correct those errors

Assign transactions and ask students to record them in a cash book, distinguishing between cash and bank
transactions.
Example: "Record the following transactions in the cash book: cash sales, cash purchases, and bank deposits."

Explore scenarios involving trade and cash discounts. Ask students to calculate
the net amount and record journal entries.
Introduce errors in the ledger accounts or trial balance and ask students to
identify and rectify them.

Discuss different methods of depreciation (straight-line, reducing balance) and

have students calculate depreciation for a set of assets.

List reasons for differences between cash book and passbook balances.
Classify transactions as timing differences or errors.

Guide students in reconciling the balances step by step.

Identify common outstanding items (cheques, deposits, etc.).
Provide scenarios for students to identify and correct errors.
Encourage students to work collaboratively to solve the case studies.

Provide a list of ledger accounts and transactions.

Discuss common errors that may occur while preparing a trial balance.
Ask students to identify and correct errors in a given trial balance.

Ask students to analyze the impact of these errors on the trial balance and rectify

Ask students to identify and classify errors as errors of omission, commission, and
principle.

Each group should present a skit or role play demonstrating the rectification proce

Ask students to create journal entries to rectify these errors and explain the
impact on financial statements.

students in a discussion about why a suspense account is used and its role in rectif

Ask students to prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement and identify reasons for
discrepancies.

Conduct a quiz covering concepts from trial balance, rectification of errors,

suspense account, and bank reconciliation.

Calculate depreciation for a given asset using various methods.

Create scenarios for different types of assets (machinery, buildings, vehicles) and
calculate the depreciation expense.

Define provisions and distinguish between provisions and reserves.

Practice creating journal entries for different types of provisions (e.g., bad debts,
warranty provisions).
 Differentiate between capital and revenue reserves.

Compare and contrast depreciation, provisions, and reserves.

Analyze real-world case studies involving companies and their decisions regarding
depreciation, provisions, and reserves.

Explore the disclosure requirements related to depreciation, provisions, and

reserves in financial statements.

Role-play scenarios where a company has to make decisions regarding depreciation policies, provisions for
potential liabilities, and allocation to reserves.

Encourage class discussions on the ethical considerations related to the management of depreciation,
provisions, and reserves.

Debate different viewpoints on the conservative or aggressive approach towards

these accounting elements.

Collaborate on a project where students analyze financial statements of a chosen company, focusing on
depreciation policies and reserves.

lated Depreciation Account

Present findings to the class and discuss the implications for stakeholders.
Ask students to research and prepare a short presentation on the importance of
financial statements in the business world.

Provide a set of financial statements and ask students to identify and categorize
the components (e.g., assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses).

Divide the class into small groups and assign each group a type of financial
statement (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement).

Assign each student a role in a fictional business.

Conduct a workshop where students collaboratively prepare a Balance Sheet for a

given company.

Provide a set of unadjusted financial statements and ask students to identify

necessary adjustments.

Present a scenario with various adjustments needed (e.g., depreciation, accruals).

Ask students to critically evaluate the impact of each adjustment on the financial
statements.

Guide them through the preparation of a Cash Flow Statement using the direct or
indirect method.

Ask students to calculate common financial ratios, such as liquidity ratios (current ratio, quick ratio),
profitability ratios (gross profit margin, net profit margin), and solvency ratios (debt to equity ratio).
Ask students to calculate common financial ratios, such as liquidity ratios (current ratio, quick ratio),
profitability ratios (gross profit margin, net profit margin), and solvency ratios (debt to equity ratio).

Instruct students to identify trends and changes in key financial items.

Provide a set of financial statements and guide students in converting them into
common-size statements.

Discuss the potential impact of their decisions on the company's financial health.

Instruct students to use accounting ratios to analyze the financial implications of

each decision.

iscuss the rationale behind their choices and the financial impact on the business.

Ask students to analyze and interpret the statements to make informed business decisions.
N GROUP
EDUCATOR
AILY SPLIT UP

LEARNING OUTCOME

Define accounting and its significance in business.

Identify and describe the main objectives of accounting.

Understand how accounting assists in decision-making and financial management.

Identify various users of accounting information (internal and external stakeh

Differentiate between financial accounting and management accounting.

Understand the role of cost accounting and its importance in business decision-making.

Demonstrate the ability to classify transactions into these categories.

Apply the accounting equation to analyze the impact of transactions on the fin

Understand the rules of debit and credit in the context of different types of accounts.

Explain the concept of the double-entry system.

Demonstrate how each transaction affects at least two accounts.
Explain the concept of the double-entry system.
Demonstrate how each transaction affects at least two accounts.

Identify various source documents and vouchers used in accounting.

Understand the importance of source documents in the recording of financial transactions.

Demonstrate the process of recording transactions in journals.

Understand the process of posting transactions from journals to the ledger.

Understand common errors in accounting.

Demonstrate the process of rectifying errors in financial statements.

Understand the importance of accounting principles in financial reporting.

Explain the fundamental accounting concepts (e.g., Business Entity, Money Measurement, Going
Concern, Accounting Period, and Dual Aspect).

Identify and explain various accounting conventions (e.g., Convention of

Consistency, Convention of Full Disclosure, Convention of Materiality).

Discuss the importance of following accounting standards for consistency

and comparability.

Differentiate between cash basis and accrual basis of accounting.

Define accounting policies and their significance.

Identify common accounting policies adopted by businesses.
Describe different systems of accounting (e.g., Single Entry System and Double Entry System).
Explain the advantages and limitations of each accounting system.

Familiarize with the role of regulatory bodies (e.g., ICAI, ASB) in formulating
accounting standards in India.

Explain the concept of GAAP and its importance in financial reporting.

Identify the key principles under GAAP.

Understand the significance of IFRS in global accounting practices.

Explore current trends in accounting, such as sustainability reporting and

integrated reporting.

Students should be able to define and explain the accounting equation.

Identify and classify accounts into personal, real, and nominal categories.

onstrate how to record transactions using the journal.

Explain the concept of a ledger and its importance in accounting.

Identify and explain various subsidiary books like Cash Book, Purchases
Book, Sales Book, etc.

cord transactions in relevant subsidiary books.

 Recognize the importance of accurate and systematic recording of financial
transactions.

Define vouchers and their significance in accounting.

Identify different types of vouchers and their uses in recording transactions.

correct those errors.

Learn how to prepare various types of vouchers (e.g., cash voucher, credit
voucher, journal voucher).

Recognize the GST implications on business transactions.

Record GST in appropriate accounting entries for sales and purchases transactions.
Gain knowledge about the various GST returns that businesses need to file.
Understand the process of preparing and filing GST returns.

Comprehend the concept of Income and Expenditure Account for NPOs.

Learn how to prepare the Balance Sheet for NPOs.

Identify the differences in accounting practices between profit-oriented and

not-for-profit organizations.

Explain the need for preparing a bank reconciliation statement.

Learn to classify items as per their nature (timing differences and errors).
Recognize examples of timing differences, such as outstanding checks,
deposits in transit, etc.
Identify common errors in the cash book and passbook.
Analyze the financial implications of bank reconciliation on the financial stat
Recognize the role of technology in simplifying the bank reconciliation proces

Define Trial Balance.

Understand the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

Learn the step-by-step process of preparing a Trial Balance.

Explain the limitations of a Trial Balance.

Distinguish between errors of commission, errors of omission, errors of

principle, and compensating errors.

Develop skills to identify errors in financial statements.

Demonstrate the preparation of an adjusted Trial Balance after correcting err

Emphasize the role of Trial Balance in ensuring the accuracy of financial info

Apply accounting principles to ensure the accuracy and reliability of financial

Effectively communicate the importance of Trial Balance and rectification of

errors to stakeholders.

Define depreciation and its importance in accounting.

Explain the diminishing balance method and calculate depreciation using

this method.

Analyze the impact of different methods on financial statements.

Define provisions and understand their purpose in accounting.

Differentiate between different types of provisions (e.g., provision for doubtful debts, provision for
warranty).
Accounting Treatment:

Record journal entries for creating and utilizing provisions.

Understand the purpose of creating reserves.

Record journal entries for creating and utilizing reserves.

Compare and contrast depreciation, provisions, and reserves in terms of purpose and accounting
treatment.

Apply depreciation, provisions, and reserves concepts to real-world scenarios

Understand how the decisions regarding depreciation methods and provisions/reserves impact
financial decision-making.

Understand the compliance requirements related to depreciation, provisions, and reserves as per
accounting standards.

Comprehend the disclosure requirements in financial statements related to depreciation, provisions,

and reserves.
Define financial statements and their purpose in accounting.
Identify the key components of financial statements.
Understand the importance of financial statements for various stakeholders.

Explain the concept of the trading account.

Understand the purpose and components of the profit and loss account.

Explain the concept and significance of a balance sheet.

Demonstrate the process of closing entries for revenue and expense accounts.

Apply adjustments to ensure accurate financial reporting.

Calculate and record depreciation in financial statements.

Demonstrate the recording of bad debts in financial statements.

Introduce the basic tools for analyzing financial statements (ratio analysis,
trend analysis).

Interpret key ratios and trends to make informed business decisions.

Differentiate between Cash Flow Statement and Income Statement.

Interpret the significance of the information presented in each section.

Understand the methods of preparing the operating activities section using
the direct and indirect methods.

Recognize and categorize cash flows related to investing activities.

Comprehend the effect of investing decisions on cash flow.

Classify cash flows associated with financing activities.

Demonstrate the ability to prepare the financing activities section of the

Cash Flow Statement.

Recognize situations where Cash Flow Statements may not provide a

complete picture.

Evaluate the liquidity and solvency of a company using cash flow analysis.

Understand the significance of effective cash flow management for businesses.

 PEDAGOGY PROCESS

Begin with a real-life scenario to highlight the need for accounting in businesses.

Use multimedia presentations, diagrams, and examples to explain the basic definition.

Group activity: Ask students to list potential objectives of accounting and discuss them.

Explain the importance of standards in ensuring consistency and comparability.

Discuss the role of standard-setting bodies.

Use case studies to compare IFRS and GAAP.

Conduct a debate on the advantages and disadvantages of each

Interactive session: Ask students to create simple business transactions and

analyze their impact on the accounting equation.

Flowchart activity: Create a visual representation of the accounting cycle.

Brainstorming session: Discuss the importance of following principles for

accurate financial reporting.

Concept mapping: Create visual maps connecting various accounting concepts.

Guest lecture: Invite a professional accountant to share insights into their role.
Role-play activity: Assign roles and simulate a scenario where students play accountants.

Quizzes after each sub-topic.

Class discussions and participation.

Project work on applying accounting concepts to a real business scenario.

Written examination covering all topics.

Use videos, animations, and slides to make abstract concepts more tangible.

Bring in professionals to provide practical insights.

Start with an engaging introduction to accounting theory, explaining its

importance in the field of accounting.

Facilitate a class discussion on the relevance of accounting theory in real-

world scenarios.

Use concept mapping to illustrate the key objectives of accounting.

Present case studies where students can analyze how accounting objectives are applied in different
business situations.

Break down accounting principles (e.g., GAAP) with interactive lectures.

Use examples to explain how these principles guide the accounting process.

Encourage peer teaching to reinforce understanding.

Utilize visual aids (charts, diagrams) to illustrate accounting concepts like going concern, consistency, etc.
Connect these concepts to practical accounting scenarios.

Organize role-playing activities where students act out scenarios applying

accounting concepts.

This helps in better retention and application of theoretical knowledge.

Invite a professional accountant or a representative from a standard-setting

body to talk about the importance of accounting standards.

Assign a research project where students explore a specific accounting

standard and its impact on financial reporting.

Organize a debate on the pros and cons of various accounting policies.

Encourage students to defend their positions based on theoretical knowledge.

Conduct hands-on activities where students practice measurement techniques

in accounting.

Discuss basic accounting concepts like assets, liabilities, and equity.

Explain how transactions impact each element of the equation.

Have students work on real-world scenarios to apply the accounting equation.

Provide mnemonic devices to help students remember.

Introduce the concept of GST.

Present case studies related to not-for-profit organizations.

 Explain the concept of timing differences and errors leading to differences in
the bank balance and cash book balance.

Present the theoretical aspects of BRS, including its purpose and importance in
financial management.
sactions.
Provide examples of bank transactions and guide students through the
process of preparing a Bank Reconciliation Statement.

Recap the concept of a trial balance from earlier chapters.

Discuss common errors in accounting - errors of omission, commission,

principle, and compensating errors.
es transactions.

Provide practical exercises involving the identification and rectification of errors.

Introduce various methods of calculating depreciation (straight-line, reducing

balance, etc.).

Introduce the concept of a bill of exchange and its role in trade transactions.

Explain the key terms like drawer, drawee, payee, acceptance, and maturity.

Emphasize the role of BRS in detecting errors and ensuring financial accuracy.
Provide case studies for students to identify timing differences.

Break down the steps involved in preparing a BRS.

Define unpresented and outstanding cheques.
Guide students in incorporating these into the BRS.
Worksheets covering various aspects of the chapter.

Provide a clear definition of Trial Balance and explain its purpose. Discuss the
two methods of preparing Trial Balance.
Work through examples to demonstrate the preparation of Trial Balance using
both methods. Encourage students to attempt solving problems on their own.

Go through each type of error, providing examples and explaining how they
affect the trial balance.

Introduce various methods of rectifying errors (Journal entries, Rectification of errors affecting Trial
Balance, and Rectification of errors not affecting Trial Balance).

Work through examples illustrating the creation and use of a suspense

account. Ensure students understand the treatment of suspense account
balances in the next accounting period.

Go through the adjustments required in final accounts after the rectification of

errors. Provide examples to illustrate the process.

Provide a comprehensive assignment covering all topics in the chapter. This

can include theoretical questions and problem-solving exercises.

End the chapter with a class discussion summarizing key concepts, addressing any remaining doubts, and
reinforcing the importance of accuracy in accounting.

Begin with a real-world example to illustrate the concept of depreciation.

Discuss the importance of recognizing the decrease in the value of assets over time.
Introduce terms like cost, useful life, and salvage value.

Explain the straight-line method, written-down value method, and the

diminishing balance method.
Walk through step-by-step calculations for each depreciation method.
Encourage students to practice calculating depreciation on different assets.

Discuss different types of provisions (e.g., provision for bad debts, provision for
warranty).

Provide examples of when a company might create reserves.

Illustrate with examples from balance sheets.

Explain the journal entries for charging depreciation, creating provisions, and forming reserves.
Use practical examples to reinforce understanding.

Discuss how depreciation, provisions, and reserves impact the balance sheet and income statement.
Highlight the importance of accurate financial reporting.

Emphasize transparency and compliance in financial reporting.

Provide case studies involving different industries and scenarios.

Encourage students to apply depreciation methods and make provisions or reserves decisions.

Conduct regular quizzes, assignments, and a comprehensive test to assess understanding.

Encourage students to present a short project on the depreciation policies of a chosen company.
 Discussion: Engage students in a discussion on the significance of financial
statements for various stakeholders.

Problem Solving: Engage students in solving problems related to trial balance

and error rectification.

Visual Aids: Use charts and graphs to explain different methods of calculating depreciation.
Case Study: Analyze how the decision on depreciation method impacts financial statements.

Step-by-Step Instruction: Break down the process of preparing final accounts.

accounts.
Practical Demonstration: Illustrate the preparation of trading and profit and loss account with a sample
company.

Guest Lecture: Invite a speaker from a non-profit organization to share insights

into their financial reporting practices.

Q&A Session: Allow students to ask questions and discuss challenges in

accounting for non-profits.

Research assignment on recent changes in accounting standards.

Long-term project on analyzing the financial statements of a chosen company.

Provide an overview of financial statements and their role in decision-making.

Analyze real-world examples of companies' financial statements.

Prepare a simplified profit and loss statement for a hypothetical business.

Simulate a scenario where students act as business owners explaining their balance sheets.

Encourage students to discuss common misconceptions and challenges in

making adjustments.

Invite a financial expert to discuss the practical application of financial ratios.

Examine real company cash flow statements and identify key components.

Conduct a comprehensive review of the chapter.

Assign a project that integrates the concepts learned in the chapter.

Formative Assessment: Regular quizzes, class discussions, and group activities.

Summative Assessment: End-of-chapter test and a project presentation.

 WEB LINK

usinesses.

basic definition.

nd discuss them.

oncepts.
owledge.
of errors.
SUBJECT: ACCOUNTANCY
TOTA
DATE L DAY
DAYS

16 JULY TO 2
15
30 JULY

2
CCOUNTANCY

Chapter

Chapter 4 Recording of Transactions-II

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 TOPIC

4.1.Cash Book

4.2.Purchases (Journal) Book

4.3.Purchases Return (Journal) Book

4.4.Sales (Journal) Book

4.5.Sales Return (Journal) Book

4.6.Journal Proper

4.7.Balancing the Accounts

 CLASSROOM TEACHING VIDEOS

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 SUB TOPIC

4.1.1.Single Column Cash Book

4.1.2.Double Column Cash Book
4.1.3.Petty Cash Book
4.1.4.Balancing of Cash Book
 ART INTEGRATED PROJECT

Topic: Vouchers and Transactions

Project Idea: Create a visual representation of different types of vouchers (e.g., cash voucher,
bank voucher, journal voucher) using mixed media (sketching, painting, collage). Each voucher
type should be illustrated with relevant symbols and colors, emphasizing the purpose and
content of the voucher.

Accounting Equation
Project Idea: Design a mural or infographic that visually represents the accounting equation
(Assets = Liabilities + Capital). Use vibrant colors and symbols to represent each element of
the equation. Include real-world examples to demonstrate how transactions impact the
equation.

Cash Book
Project Idea: Develop a storyboard or comic strip that tells a story through the entries in a
cash book. Illustrate how different transactions are recorded, and showcase the format of a
cash book. Use characters and scenarios to make the learning experience more engaging.
 NA
SCHOOL
DA

ACTIVITIES

Activity: Provide a set of business transactions and ask students to create journal entries for each
transaction.

Ask students to create ledger accounts for different accounts such as Cash, Accounts Receivable,
Accounts Payable, etc.

Provide a trial balance with some errors, and ask students to identify and correct those errors.

Assign transactions and ask students to record them in a cash book, distinguishing between cash and
bank transactions.
Example: "Record the following transactions in the cash book: cash sales, cash purchases, and bank
deposits."

Explore scenarios involving trade and cash discounts. Ask students to calculate the net amount and
record journal entries.

Introduce errors in the ledger accounts or trial balance and ask students to identify and rectify them.
 NAGEEN GROUP
OOL OF EDUCATOR
DAY WISE/DAILY SPLIT UP

CHAPTERWISEB NOTES

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ATOR
LEARNING OUTCOME

Recognize the importance of accurate and systematic recording of financial transactions.

Define vouchers and their significance in accounting.

Identify different types of vouchers and their uses in recording transactions.

Learn how to prepare various types of vouchers (e.g., cash voucher, credit voucher, journal voucher).
Comprehend the concept of Income and Expenditure Account for NPOs.
Recognize the GST implications on business transactions.

Record GST in appropriate accounting entries for sales and purchases transactions.
 PEDAGOGY PROCESS

Explain the concept of timing differences and errors leading to differences in the bank
balance and cash book balance.

Present the theoretical aspects of BRS, including its purpose and importance in financial
management.

Provide examples of bank transactions and guide students through the process of preparing a
Bank Reconciliation Statement.

Recap the concept of a trial balance from earlier chapters.

Discuss common errors in accounting - errors of omission, commission, principle, and

compensating errors.

Provide practical exercises involving the identification and rectification of errors.

 WEB LINK

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