Reading and Writing

2 7 Q U ES T IO N S

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

1 2
In the late 1900s, the mathematician and computer In the late 1800s, the German physicist Wilhelm
scientist Alan Turing proposed a theoretical device Conrad Roentgen accidentally discovered X-rays
known as the "Turing machine." It was a simple model while conducting experiments with cathode rays. His
consisting of an infinite tape divided into squares and groundbreaking discovery led to the _______ of a
a read-write head that could move along the tape. The new branch of science—radiology.
Turing machine could perform various operations and
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
computations. Due to its fundamental nature and
and precise word or phrase?
capabilities, the concept of the Turing machine
became a cornerstone in the development of modern A) invention
_______. B) destruction
Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) introduction
and precise word or phrase?
D) exploration
A) transportation
B) medicine
C) computing
D) literature

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 2 CONTINUE

 3 5
In 1962, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice The following text is an excerpt from Maya Angelou's
Wilkins were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in poem "Still I Rise."
Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking
You may shoot me with your words,
discovery of the structure of DNA. Their research
You may cut me with your eyes,
paved the way for a new era in biology and genetics,
You may kill me with your hatefulness,
and it also laid the foundation for the _______ of the
But still, like air, I'll rise.
double helix structure.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase? A) To explore the impact of hatefulness and violence
on an individual's resilience.
A) denial
B) To examine the beauty of rising above adversity
B) understanding
and hatred.
C) rejection
C) To compare the effects of physical and emotional
D) acceptance pain on a person's life.
D) To challenge the idea that hate can overpower
4 love.
The following text is adapted from William
Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet." 6
JULIET: Good night, good night! Parting is such The following text is an excerpt from Emily
sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be Dickinson's poem "Hope is the thing with feathers."
morrow.
Hope is the thing with feathers
ROMEO: Sleep dwell upon thine eyes, peace in thy That perches in the soul,
breast! Would I were sleep and peace, so sweet to And sings the tune without the words,
rest! And never stops at all,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
As used in the text, what does the phrase "sweet
And sore must be the storm
sorrow" most nearly mean?
That could abash the little bird
A) Pleasant sadness That kept so many warm.
B) Intense joy Which choice best describes the function of the
C) Bitter anger underlined portion in the text as a whole?
D) Grief-stricken A) It emphasizes the resilience and persistence of
hope.
B) It symbolizes the calming effect of nature on the
soul.
C) It highlights the powerful force of a gale or storm.
D) It contrasts the behavior of hope with other
emotions.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 3 CONTINUE

 7 Which choice best describes the overall structure of
the text?
The following text is adapted from Jane Austen's novel
"Sense and Sensibility," Chapter XIX. Elinor is visiting A) It describes Elinor's expectations about Mr. Palmer
Mr. Palmer's home and reflecting on her observations based on her limited interactions with him, and then
of his behavior and character during her visit. details her actual observations of him during her visit
to his home.
Elinor had seen so little of Mr. Palmer, and in that
little had seen so much variety in his address to her B) It establishes Mr. Palmer's character and habits, and
sister and herself, that she knew not what to expect then contrasts them with Edward's more admirable
to find him in his own family. She found him, traits.
however, perfectly the gentleman in his behaviour C) It presents Mr. Palmer's behavior in his own family
to all his visitors, and only occasionally rude to his and towards visitors, and then analyzes his personality
wife and her mother; she found him very capable traits, which are typical for his sex and time of life.
of being a pleasant companion, and only prevented D) It reveals Elinor's initial impressions of Mr. Palmer
from being so always, by too great an aptitude to and her ultimate realization that she cannot like him
fancy himself as much more ill-used, and any more due to his negative qualities.
therefore, as much more in want of companions
than he really was. For the rest of his character and
habits, they were marked, as far as Elinor could
perceive, with no traits at all unusual in his sex and
time of life. He was nice in his eating, uncertain in
his hours; fond of his child, though affecting to
slight it; and idled away the mornings at billiards,
which ought to have been devoted to business. She
liked him, however, upon the whole, much better
than she had expected, and in her heart was not
sorry that she could like him no more; not sorry to
be driven by the observation of his Epicurism, his
selfishness, and his conceit, to rest with
complacency on the remembrance of Edward's
generous temper, simple taste, and diffident
feelings.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 4 CONTINUE

 8 9
The following text is adapted from Charles Dickens' In an attempt to revolutionize the concept of learning
1838 classic novel "Oliver Twist." Oliver, a young boy, spaces, educators Sarah Thompson and Mike Johnson
is left alone in the undertaker's shop. designed an innovative school environment. The
school building features flexible classrooms with
After being left alone in the undertaker's shop,
movable walls, comfortable seating options ranging
Oliver sets the lamp on a workman's bench and
from bean bags to standing desks, and interactive
looks around with a mixture of awe and dread. The
virtual reality learning stations. Thompson and
sight of an unfinished coffin on black trestles in the
Johnson believe that this dynamic and versatile design
middle of the shop fills him with cold trembles,
will encourage students to be more engaged, foster a
and he imagines that he might see a terrifying
love for learning, and enhance their academic
figure emerging from it.
performance.
Which choice best represents the main idea of the
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
passage?
A) The flexible design of the school building by Sarah
A) Oliver is fascinated by the workman's bench in
Thompson and Mike Johnson is impractical and
the undertaker's shop.
hinders students' learning experiences.
B) Oliver feels a mixture of awe and dread while
B) Creating an environment with virtual reality
being alone in the shop.
learning stations and movable walls is the most
C) Oliver is eager to finish the unfinished coffin on effective way to boost academic performance in
black trestles. schools.
D) Oliver expects to find something cheerful in the C) Sarah Thompson and Mike Johnson, as educators,
undertaker's shop. have always been passionate about designing
innovative and dynamic learning spaces.
D) Despite its unconventional features, the school
environment designed by Sarah Thompson and
Mike Johnson aims to improve student
engagement, learning interest, and academic
performance.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 5 CONTINUE

10 11
The following text is from Langston Hughes' 1923 "Ode to the West Wind" is a poem written by Percy
poem "Dreams." In this poem, the speaker reflects on Bysshe Shelley in 1819. In the poem, Shelley addresses
the importance of dreams and how they shape our the West Wind directly, expressing a profound
lives. understanding of its power and influence, writing,
______
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die Which quotation from "Ode to the West Wind" most
Life is a broken-winged bird effectively illustrates the claim?
That cannot fly.
A) "Thou breath of autumn's being."
Hold fast to dreams B) "Drive my dead thoughts over the universe."
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field C) "O hear! Thou art the wine whose drunkenness."
Frozen with snow. D) "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere."
Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
12
A) To emphasize the significance of holding onto
dreams as they provide hope and purpose in life. Approximate Reading Speed and Comprehension
Level for Five Student Groups
B) To illustrate the struggles of a broken-winged bird
and its inability to fulfill its potential. A group of researchers conducted a study to
C) To criticize those who give up on their dreams determine how quickly different student groups
and settle for a mundane existence. can read a given passage (in words per minute)
and how well they comprehend the information
D) To describe the fleeting nature of dreams and presented. They found that, although reading
their tendency to disappear if not pursued speeds vary widely, the level of comprehension
actively. remains relatively consistent across the groups.
Thus, they claim that two student groups with very
different reading speeds can nonetheless achieve
similar comprehension levels.
Which choice best describes data from the table that
support the researchers' claim?
A) Among the five student groups in the table,
Group Alpha and Group Beta have the lowest
reading speeds and the highest comprehension
levels.
B) Group Gamma reads at a slower pace compared
to Group Delta but demonstrates a higher level of
comprehension.
C) Among the five student groups in the table, the
group that reads the fastest is also the group that
comprehends information the fastest.
D) Group Xander and Group Yara have similar
reading speeds, but Group Xander has a higher
level of comprehension.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 6 CONTINUE

13 14
While certain software developers make up a small
proportion of the total workforce in the tech industry,
they occupy a significantly higher proportion of
leadership positions in tech companies. One possible
explanation for this disproportionate representation is
that software development experience equips
individuals with certain problem-solving skills that
are also highly valued in leadership roles, and this
proficiency thus ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) makes software developers more inclined to
pursue leadership positions in tech companies.
B) changes the perception of software development
To investigate the effect of lizard predation on spider as a career path for aspiring leaders.
populations, a student in a biology class placed spiders
C) discourages non-developers from seeking
in two enclosures, one with lizards and one without,
leadership roles in tech companies.
and tracked the number of spiders in the enclosures
for 30 days. The student concluded that the reduction D) increases the demand for software developers
in the spider population count in the enclosure with with leadership potential in the tech industry.
lizards by day 30 was entirely attributable to the
presence of the lizards. 15
Which choice best describes data from the graph that The ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro, which thrived in
weaken the student’s conclusion? the Indus Valley Civilization, continues to be explored
A) The spider population count was the same in both by archaeologists. Unfortunately, as ______ suggest,
enclosures on day 1. modern development in the surrounding areas has
posed threats to the preservation of the site,
B) The spider population count also substantially
endangering valuable historical insights.
declined by day 30 in the enclosure without
lizards. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
C) The largest decline in spider population count in the conventions of Standard English?
the enclosure with lizards occurred from day 1 to A) experts, Dr. Sunita Mehra and Professor Rajesh
day 10. Singh,
D) The spider population count on day 30 was lower B) experts, Dr. Sunita Mehra and Professor Rajesh
in the enclosure with lizards than in the enclosure Singh
without lizards.
C) experts Dr. Sunita Mehra and Professor Rajesh
Singh
D) experts Dr. Sunita Mehra, and Professor Rajesh
Singh

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 7 CONTINUE

16 18
In 2018, biologist Sarah Thompson conducted a In analyzing the works of the famous novelist Emily
groundbreaking study on the behavior of chimpanzees Dickinson, ______ have overlooked her lesser-known
in the wild. She observed their interactions and collection of letters to friends and family.
carefully recorded their actions, _____ she published
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
her findings in a renowned scientific journal.
the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
A) many scholars have focused on her poetic style,
the conventions of Standard English?
but
A) afterwards, B) her poetic style has been the focus of many
B) afterwards; scholars, who
C) afterwards, C) there are many scholars who have focused on her
D) afterwards later, poetic style, but they
D) the focus of many scholars has been on her poetic
17
style; they

Creating a masterpiece in the art world requires more

19
than just talent; it demands dedication and countless
hours of practice, ______ some artists find Sarah Mitchell, an accomplished biologist, conducted
discouraging. groundbreaking research on the behavior of dolphins,
studying their communication patterns and social
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
interactions. She published her findings in a renowned
the conventions of Standard English?
scientific journal, _____ she received widespread
A) which is something, recognition and praise from her peers.
B) which is something; Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
C) which is something— the conventions of Standard English?
D) which is something that, A) furthermore; many of her colleagues lauded her
work,
B) furthermore, many of her colleagues lauded her
work;
C) furthermore; many of her colleagues, lauded her
work,
D) furthermore, many of her colleagues, lauded her
work;

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 8 CONTINUE

20 21
A team of astronomers, headed by Dr. Emily Roberts Throughout history, various researchers have
from the European Space Agency, discovered two new attempted to uncover the mysteries of the Bermuda
exoplanets orbiting a distant _______ WASP-187, Triangle, an area infamous for mysterious
which is located in the Draco constellation, and disappearances of ships and aircraft. Some believed
WASP-221, which is situated in Lyra. that supernatural forces were at play, while others
suspected more rational explanations. ______,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
modern technology and scientific analysis have shed
the conventions of Standard English?
new light on the phenomenon.
A) star.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
B) star; transition?
C) star, A) Moreover,
D) star: B) In conclusion,
C) Nonetheless,
D) Lastly,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 9 CONTINUE

22 23
While studying various bird species, a researcher has While studying a historical event, a researcher has
taken the following notes: taken the following notes:
• The blue jay is a bird native to North America. • The event took place in ancient Egypt during the
reign of Pharaoh Ramses II.
• It is known for its vibrant blue color and black
crest. • It is recorded in hieroglyphics on the walls of the
Karnak Temple.
• Blue jays are omnivores, feeding on a variety of
foods. • The event involved a significant victory in a major
battle.
• The peacock is a bird found in South Asia.
• The event was also commemorated in an
• It is known for its impressive and colorful tail
inscription on a stele.
feathers.
• The inscription on the stele provides specific
• Peacocks are known for their elaborate courtship
details about the battle.
displays.
The researcher wants to specify the significance of the
The researcher wants to compare some characteristics
event and how it was documented. Which choice
of the two bird species. Which choice most effectively
most effectively uses relevant information from the
uses relevant information from the notes to
notes to accomplish this goal?
accomplish this goal?
A) The event, which occurred during Pharaoh
A) Some birds in North America, like the blue jay,
Ramses II's reign in ancient Egypt, was a
have vibrant blue color and black crests, while birds in
significant victory in a major battle, documented
South Asia, such as peacocks, are known for their
in hieroglyphics on the walls of the Karnak
elaborate courtship displays.
Temple and commemorated on an inscription on
B) Blue jays and peacocks are both bird species, and a stele.
they have colorful features that make them stand out
B) In ancient Egypt, during Pharaoh Ramses II's
in their respective regions.
reign, a major battle was fought, leading to a
C) The blue jay, native to North America, is an significant victory that was documented in
omnivorous bird known for its vibrant blue color and hieroglyphics on the walls of the Karnak Temple
black crest. In contrast, the peacock, found in South and in an inscription on a stele.
Asia, is known for its colorful and impressive tail
C) The event, which took place during Pharaoh
feathers.
Ramses II's reign, involved a significant victory in
D) Birds in North America, like the blue jay, and birds a major battle that was recorded in hieroglyphics
in South Asia, such as peacocks, share some common on the walls of the Karnak Temple and a
features, including being omnivorous and having commemorative inscription on a stele.
colorful appearances.
D) Pharaoh Ramses II's reign in ancient Egypt
witnessed a significant victory in a major battle,
and the event was documented on the walls of the
Karnak Temple and in an inscription on a stele.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 10 CONTINUE

24 25
While studying a particular species of dinosaurs, a While studying a particular species of dinosaurs, a
researcher has taken the following notes: researcher has taken the following notes:
• Dinosaurs, including the well-known T-Rex and • Sarah Johnson is a renowned photographer known
Velociraptor, lived during the Mesozoic Era. for her landscape photography.
• Some dinosaurs were herbivores, while others were • She has captured stunning images of various
carnivores. national parks and natural landmarks.
• The discovery of a new fossil shows a unique • Johnson's photograph of Yosemite National Park
combination of features, resembling characteristics won a prestigious photography award in 2015.
of both herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs.
• In 2018, she showcased a collection of photos
• Paleontologists refer to this discovery as a capturing the beauty of the Grand Canyon.
"transitional fossil."
• Her most recent project involves photographing
• The fossil provides valuable insights into the the wildlife in Yellowstone National Park.
evolutionary history of dinosaurs.
The researcher wants to emphasize a specific
The researcher wants to emphasize the significance of achievement in Johnson's career. Which choice most
the transitional fossil. Which choice most effectively effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
accomplish this goal?
A) Sarah Johnson is a famous photographer known
A) Dinosaurs, like the T-Rex and Velociraptor, lived for her stunning images of various national parks
during the Mesozoic Era and had varied diets, as and natural landmarks.
shown by the new fossil's combination of B) The photograph of Yosemite National Park taken
herbivorous and carnivorous characteristics. by Sarah Johnson won a prestigious photography
B) The new fossil discovered by paleontologists award in 2015.
shows a unique combination of features, C) Sarah Johnson's most recent project involves
resembling characteristics of both herbivorous photographing the wildlife in Yellowstone
and carnivorous dinosaurs that lived during the National Park, showcasing her expertise in
Mesozoic Era. landscape photography.
C) Some dinosaurs were herbivores, while others D) In 2018, Sarah Johnson displayed a collection of
were carnivores, and a new fossil recently photos capturing the beauty of the Grand
discovered by paleontologists sheds light on the Canyon, which brought her widespread
transition between these two dietary groups. recognition.
D) Paleontologists have recently discovered a
"transitional fossil" with features that resemble
both herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs from
the Mesozoic Era.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 11 CONTINUE

26 27
While studying a historical event, a researcher has While studying two famous novels, a researcher has
taken the following notes: taken the following notes:
• The event took place in the early 1800s during the • In 1813, Jane Austen published Pride and
Napoleonic Wars. Prejudice.

• It involved a significant battle that took place on an • The novel revolves around the romantic
island in the Mediterranean Sea. entanglements of the Bennet sisters.

• The island was known for its strategic location and • It is set in the Regency era in England and explores
fortifications. themes of love, class, and societal expectations.

• The battle marked a turning point in the war, • In 1847, Emily Brontë published Wuthering
leading to the defeat of Napoleon's forces. Heights.

• The event is commemorated with a monument on • The novel is set in the Yorkshire moors and
the island. revolves around the complex and passionate
relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine
The researcher wants to emphasize how the island's Earnshaw.
geography played a crucial role in the battle. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from • It is a Gothic novel and delves into themes of
the notes to accomplish this goal? revenge, passion, and the supernatural.

A) The event took place on an island in the The researcher wants to emphasize a similarity
Mediterranean Sea during the early 1800s, and it between the two novels. Which choice most effectively
marked a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
B) The island where the significant battle took place
was strategically located and well-fortified, A) Both Pride and Prejudice and Wuthering Heights
playing a crucial role in the event's outcome. were published by famous authors in the early
C) The battle in the early 1800s was a significant 1800s.
event that resulted in the defeat of Napoleon's B) Pride and Prejudice and Wuthering Heights are set
forces and led to the erection of a monument on in England and explore themes of love and
the island. romance.
D) During the Napoleonic Wars, a turning point C) In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explores the
occurred in a significant battle on an island romantic entanglements of the Bennet sisters,
known for its strategic location and fortifications while Emily Brontë delves into themes of revenge
in the Mediterranean Sea. and passion in Wuthering Heights.
D) Pride and Prejudice was published in 1813, and
Wuthering Heights was published in 1847,
showcasing the time gap between the two novels.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 12

No Test Material On This Page
 Reading and Writing
2 7 Q U ES T IO N S

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

1 2
In addition to being a talented physicist herself, Marie For her latest film project, director Sarah Ramirez
Curie was an avid ______ encouraging more women collaborated with a renowned choreographer to create
to pursue careers in science, and she became the first a dance sequence that critics found truly ______: they
woman to win a Nobel Prize in 1903. praised Ramirez for her unique storytelling and the
choreographer for crafting mesmerizing movements
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
that enhanced the film's narrative.
and precise word or phrase?
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
A) advocate for
and precise word or phrase?
B) opponent of
A) captivating
C) casualty of
B) mundane
D) beneficiary of
C) elusive
D) trivial

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 14 CONTINUE

 3 5
Analytical reviews of the novel explore the Text 1
protagonist's ______ against societal norms and Historians traditionally believed that the Renaissance
expectations. Throughout the story, the character was a period of unbridled progress and enlightenment
challenges the conventional roles and beliefs set by the in Europe, characterized by the revival of classical art
society they live in, making the narrative a powerful and literature. However, in a recent article, scholar Dr.
exploration of individuality. Johnson proposes an alternative view, suggesting that
Which choice completes the text with the most logical the Renaissance was also marked by ongoing conflicts,
and precise word or phrase? religious tensions, and political upheavals.

A) acceptance Text 2
In his latest book published in 2022, historian Mark
B) rebellion Roberts expands on Dr. Johnson's alternative view of
C) compliance the Renaissance. Roberts argues that while there were
D) passivity undoubtedly significant advancements in art and
literature during the period, it was not a time of
uninterrupted progress. He highlights instances of
4 patronage politics, censorship of ideas, and economic
disparities that challenged the conventional notion of
The documentary film captures the essence of New
the Renaissance as a period of unmitigated progress.
York City's diverse cultural landscape by weaving
together ______ influences: the vibrant rhythms of Based on the texts, how would Mark Roberts (Text 2)
Latin music, the raw energy of hip-hop, and the most likely respond to the "conventional wisdom"
soulful melodies of jazz. presented in Text 1?
Which choice completes the text with the most logical A) By challenging the notion that the Renaissance
and precise word or phrase? was solely characterized by progress and
enlightenment, highlighting conflicts and
A) complementary
tensions of the period.
B) elusive
B) By asserting that the Renaissance was indeed a
C) inconsequential period of unbridled progress and enlightenment,
D) divergent refuting Dr. Johnson's alternative view.
C) By emphasizing the revival of classical art and
literature as the defining feature of the
Renaissance, downplaying the significance of
conflicts and tensions.
D) By acknowledging both perspectives and
suggesting that the Renaissance was a complex
period with elements of both progress and
conflict.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 15 CONTINUE

 6 7
In 2010, astronomers proposed the existence of a In the field of astronomy, scientists have long been
hypothetical ninth planet in our solar system, far fascinated by the mysterious dark matter that makes
beyond the orbit of Neptune. This so-called "Planet up a significant portion of the universe. Dark matter
Nine" has remained a subject of speculation until does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it nearly
2022, when a team of researchers led by Dr. Lee impossible to detect through conventional means.
confirmed its existence through detailed observations. However, in a groundbreaking discovery, a team of
They provided compelling evidence that a distant astrophysicists led by Dr. Lisa Parker has recently
planet, approximately six times the mass of Earth, is announced the detection of a new type of subatomic
indeed present in the outer reaches of our solar particle called "Xenions."
system.
According to the text, what makes the discovery of
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? Xenions significant?
A) Astronomers have been investigating the A) Xenions are the first type of subatomic particles to
possibility of a ninth planet in our solar system, be detected in space.
and in 2022, its existence was finally confirmed B) Xenions are responsible for emitting light, making
through detailed observations. dark matter visible for the first time.
B) Astronomers have proposed a hypothetical ninth C) Xenions have properties that enable them to
planet in our solar system, but there is still a lack interact with dark matter, allowing scientists to
of conclusive evidence to support its existence. study it directly.
C) Planet Nine, a massive celestial body beyond D) Xenions have been predicted for years, and their
Neptune, was confirmed to be present in our solar discovery confirms a long-standing theoretical
system by Dr. Lee and her team in 2022. hypothesis about dark matter.
D) The existence of a hypothetical ninth planet, far
beyond Neptune, was confirmed by astronomers
in 2022, leading to significant advancements in
our understanding of the solar system.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 16 CONTINUE

 8 10
The following text is adapted from Louisa May Estimates of Tyrannosaurid Bite Force
Alcott's 1868 novel "Little Women":
Approximately
Estimation
"Christmas won't be Christmas without any Study Year Bite Force
Method
presents," grumbled Jo, lying on the rug. (newtons)
"It's so dreadful to be poor!" sighed Meg, looking Body-mass
Meers 2002 173,000 – 225,000
down at her old dress. scaling
Bates and Muscular and
"I don't think it's fair for some girls to have plenty 2012 34,000 – 56,000
Falkingham Skeletal Modeling
of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all," Tooth-bone
added little Amy, with an injured sniff. Gignac and
2017 interaction 7,000 – 33,000
Erickson
"Christmas won't be Christmas without any analysis
presents!" grumbled Jo, as she lay on the rug. Muscular and
Cost et al. 2019 34,000 – 62,000
skeletal modeling
According to the text, what do we learn about Jo?
A) She enjoys lying on the rug during Christmas. The largest tyrannosaurids—the family of carnivorous
dinosaurs that includes Tarbosaurus, Albertosaurus,
B) She thinks it's unfair for some girls to have pretty
and, most famously, Tyrannosaurus rex—are thought
things and others to have nothing.
to have had the strongest bites of any land animals in
C) She dislikes the idea of having Christmas without Earth’s history. Determining the bite force of extinct
any presents. animals can be difficult, however, and paleontologists
D) She believes that being poor is dreadful. Paul Barrett and Emily Rayfield have suggested that
an estimate of dinosaur bite force may be significantly
influenced by the methodology used in generating
9
that estimate.
"The Catcher in the Rye" is a 1951 novel written by
Which choice best describes data from the table that
J.D. Salinger. In the story, the protagonist Holden
support Barrett and Rayfield’s suggestion?
Caulfield encounters various people with whom he
often finds fault. Holden's critical attitude towards A) Although Cost et al.'s work used muscle and
others is evident when he describes a character, skeletal modeling, Meers' study used body-mass
______ scaling and achieved the highest predicted
maximal bite force.
Which quotation from "The Catcher in the Rye" most
effectively illustrates the claim? B) In their study, Gignac and Erickson used tooth-
bone interaction analysis to produce an estimated
A) "That guy Morrow was about as sensitive as a bite force range with a minimum of 7,000
goddamn toilet seat." newtons and a maximum of 33,000 newtons.
B) "Boy, I hate it when somebody yells "Good luck!" C) The estimates of biting force created by Bates and
at me." Falkingham and Cost et al. were comparable to
C) "They're nice and all, but they're touchy as hell." one another, however the values created by Meers
D) "I don't care if it's a sad good-by or a bad good-by, and Gignac and Erickson were each significantly
but when I leave a place I like to know I'm leaving different from all other estimates.
it." D) The estimated maximum bite force produced by
Cost et al. exceeded the estimated maximum
produced by Bates and Falkingham, even through
both groups of researchers used the same method
to generate their estimates.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 17 CONTINUE

11 12
In "The Enchanted Forest Chronicles," Princess In the arid deserts of North Africa, two species of
Cimorene wanted to understand the peculiar behavior cacti, Cactoblastis euphorbiarum and Opuntia stricta,
of the talking frogs residing in the magical woods. thrive in sandy, nutrient-poor soils. Ecologists Sarah
With the help of her friends, she conducted an Anderson and John Martinez conducted a study using
experiment to explore the potential link between the electron microscopy to examine the root structure of
frogs' singing and their diet of enchanted flies. these cacti. They discovered that both C.
Cimorene hypothesized that consuming enchanted euphorbiarum and O. stricta have specialized root
flies might be the cause of the frogs' ability to sing. To hairs near the tip of their roots. Further analysis
test her hypothesis, she observed two groups of frogs: revealed that these root hairs secrete oxalic acid and
one group that exclusively ate enchanted flies and malic acid. Anderson and Martinez hypothesize that
another group that had a regular diet of non- the cacti rely on these acids to dissolve and extract
enchanted insects. After several days of observation, nutrients from the sand, particularly calcium and
Princess Cimorene noticed that the frogs with the magnesium, which are scarce in the desert
regular insect diet also displayed the ability to sing, environment.
casting doubt on her initial assumption.
Which observation, if true, would most directly
Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' hypothesis?
undermine Princess Cimorene's hypothesis?
A) Cactoblastis euphorbiarum and Opuntia stricta are
A) Some frogs in the magical woods did not consume the only cacti species known to secrete oxalic and
any insects but could still communicate through malic acids in their root hairs.
singing. B) During periods of drought, the concentration of
B) The group of frogs that exclusively ate enchanted oxalic and malic acids in the root hairs of C.
flies showed no signs of enhanced singing ability euphorbiarum and O. stricta increases, suggesting
compared to the other group. their role in nutrient extraction during water
C) Frogs from neighboring enchanted forests scarcity.
displayed a similar singing ability, even though their C) In controlled experiments, when the root hairs of
diets varied considerably. C. euphorbiarum and O. stricta were removed,
D) Princess Cimorene's friends disagreed with her their growth and survival in nutrient-poor sandy
hypothesis and believed that the singing ability of the soils were not significantly affected.
frogs was innate and not linked to their diet. D) The surrounding soil near the roots of C.
euphorbiarum and O. stricta contains high levels
of calcium and magnesium, indicating that these
nutrients are readily available for the cacti to
uptake.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 18 CONTINUE

13 14
Researchers studying the civilization of Ancestral With over 100 countries in agreement, the Green
Puebloans found that turkey remains at Mesa Verde, a Energy Accord aims to promote renewable energy
village in southern Colorado, were genetically linked adoption globally. However, some critics point out a
to modern turkey populations in the Rio Grande potential flaw in the accord. For instance, it allows
Valley of north central New Mexico. These genetic member countries to set their own renewable energy
markers only appeared after 1280, suggesting that targets, which might result in a lack of transparency
______ and accountability in tracking progress towards global
renewable energy goals. This could hinder
Which choice most logically completes the text?
collaborative efforts and lead to _______.
A) Mesa Verde was the original breeding ground for
Which choice most logically completes the text?
turkeys in the region.
B) the Ancestral Puebloans of Mesa Verde A) a lack of transparency and accountability in
introduced turkey cultivation to the Rio Grande tracking progress towards global renewable
Valley. energy goals.
C) the Ancestral Puebloans of Mesa Verde primarily B) an increase in greenhouse gas emissions due to
relied on turkey farming for their sustenance. excessive reliance on fossil fuels.
D) turkey populations in the Rio Grande Valley were C) an unfair advantage for certain countries in
on the brink of extinction before the 1280s. accessing renewable energy technology.
D) difficulties in enforcing penalties for countries
that fail to meet their renewable energy targets.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 19 CONTINUE

15 16
The domestic mango (Mangifera indica) has its origins In the dense jungles of Borneo, a biodiverse rainforest,
in Southeast Asia. However, it is now widely cultivated live a plethora of wildlife—some endemic species
in various regions, including East Africa, the found nowhere else on Earth, while others migrate
Caribbean, and South America. Research conducted seasonally across great distances. Researchers closely
by botanist Maria Hernandez and her team involved study the behavior of the _______ to gain insights
analyzing the genetic makeup of mango varieties from into their ecological roles and interactions.
different parts of the world. Surprisingly, they found
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
that some East African mango varieties share a closer
the conventions of Standard English?
genetic relationship with Southeast Asian ones than
with other East African varieties. Given that mango A) Borneos' diverse inhabitants'
cultivation in East Africa has been established for B) Borneo's diverse inhabitants
several centuries and there were no known recent
introductions of mangoes from Southeast Asia, the C) Borneos diverse inhabitants
team concluded that ______ D) Borneo's diverse inhabitants'
Which choice most logically completes the text?
17
A) mango cultivation in Southeast Asia is relatively
recent and traces back to East African origins. American scientist Jane Goodall's groundbreaking
research focused on chimpanzees in ______ the
B) East African mango varieties are not suitable for intricate social behaviors of these primates; and their
cultivation and must be replaced with Southeast remarkable use of tools. Her discoveries
Asian varieties. revolutionized our understanding of the animal
C) Southeast Asian mango varieties have undergone kingdom and the nature of communication between
significant genetic changes when introduced to animals.
East African climates. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
D) ancient trading routes likely facilitated the early the conventions of Standard English?
introduction of mangoes from Southeast Asia to A) Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania;
East Africa.
B) Gombe Stream National Park; Tanzania;
C) Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania,
D) Gombe Stream National Park Tanzania

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 20 CONTINUE

18 20
In 2020, ecologist Dr. Michael Ramirez conducted a Compared to traditional gasoline-powered cars,
study on the island of Maui, Hawaii, to investigate the ______ have zero tailpipe emissions, reduce their
impact of invasive species on the native plant environmental impact.
population. After analyzing the data, he found that the
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
presence of invasive plants led to a decline in the
the conventions of Standard English?
abundance of native species. As a result, _______
A) electric cars, which
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English? B) electric cars, as
A) the native plant population experienced a C) electric cars; which
decrease in abundance. D) electric cars: as
B) a decrease in abundance was experienced by the
native plant population. 21
C) there was a decrease in abundance in the native In the documentary film "The Blue Planet," renowned
plant population. filmmaker David Attenborough showcases the
D) a decrease in the abundance of the native plant wonders of the ocean, from breathtaking marine life
population occurred. to stunning seascapes, ______ a deeper appreciation
for the world beneath the waves.
19 Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
In the botanical garden, the vibrant colors of the
flowers, the soothing sounds of the waterfall, and the A) inspiring
fresh scent of the foliage create a tranquil atmosphere. B) inspire
As visitors walk along the garden path, ______
C) inspires
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
D) inspired
the conventions of Standard English?
A) a sense of peace envelopes them.
B) a sense of peace, envelopes them.
C) a sense of peace: envelopes them.
D) a sense of peace; envelopes them.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 21 CONTINUE

22 24
Botanist Dr. Emily Sanchez is part of the committee Researchers Dr. Jennifer Carter, Dr. Robert Johnson,
responsible for selecting new plant species to be added and Dr. Emily Lee suggest that while scientists may
to the National Rare Plants Registry, which includes have traditionally worked in isolation, evidence points
the elusive Blue Ghost Orchid and the endangered to a shift in the opposite direction. ______ scientists
Redwood Lily. However, Dr. Sanchez doesn't make are choosing to collaborate with their peers—a trend
these decisions ______ all proposals must go through illustrated by a rise in the number of scientific
rigorous evaluations by a team of experts from various publications credited to multiple authors.
botanical institutions.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Which choice completes the sentence so that it transition?
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Similarly,
A) individually nevertheless, B) For this reason,
B) individually, nevertheless; C) Furthermore,
C) individually; nevertheless, D) Increasingly,
D) individually, nevertheless,
25
23
When patients suffer from chronic pain, they may be
When tennis legend Serena Williams won her 23rd prescribed opioid medications to manage their
Grand Slam title, she made tennis history. ______, she discomfort. ______, treatments like physical therapy,
surpassed the previous record held by Margaret Court acupuncture, and mindfulness techniques can also
for the most Grand Slam singles titles won by any offer pain relief without the risks associated with long-
player. term opioid use.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition? transition?
A) As a result, A) Alternatively,
B) In contrast, B) Specifically,
C) Moreover, C) For example,
D) Likewise, D) As a result,

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 22 CONTINUE

26 The researcher wants to emphasize the impact of
urbanization and habitat loss on migratory birds.
While studying the migration patterns of birds, a
Which choice most effectively uses relevant
researcher made the following observations:
information from the observations to accomplish this
• In the spring, migratory birds from various regions goal?
start arriving in their breeding grounds in North A) Some bird species have altered their
America. migration routes in response to climate
• During the fall, these birds start their journey back changes, but urbanization and habitat loss are
to their wintering grounds. also contributing factors affecting migratory
birds' stopover sites.
• Over the years, some bird species have altered
their migration routes, possibly in response to B) Over the years, urbanization and habitat loss
climate changes. have affected the availability of stopover sites
for migratory birds, and conservation efforts
• Urbanization and habitat loss have also affected have been initiated to support their
the availability of stopover sites for migratory populations.
birds.
C) In the spring, migratory birds from various
• Conservation efforts such as the establishment of regions start arriving in their breeding
protected areas have been initiated to support the grounds in North America, while during the
migratory bird populations. fall, they begin their journey back to their
wintering grounds, adapting their migration
routes due to climate changes and habitat loss.
D) Urbanization and habitat loss have impacted
migratory bird populations, leading some
species to alter their migration routes in
response to these changes in their stopover
sites.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 23 CONTINUE

27 The student wants to introduce the Apollo program to
an audience already familiar with NASA's
While researching the history of space exploration, a
establishment. Which choice most effectively uses
student has taken the following notes:
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
• The National Aeronautics and Space this goal?
Administration (NASA) was established on July A) NASA's Apollo program was launched in 1961,
29, 1958. aiming to land astronauts on the Moon and bring
• NASA's Apollo program was launched in 1961, them safely back to Earth.
aiming to land astronauts on the Moon and bring B) The National Aeronautics and Space
them safely back to Earth. Administration (NASA) was established on July
• The first manned Moon landing occurred on July 29, 1958, and its Apollo program, launched in
20, 1969, during the Apollo 11 mission. 1961, successfully landed astronauts on the Moon
between 1969 and 1972.
• Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot
on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission. C) The first manned Moon landing occurred on July
20, 1969, during NASA's Apollo 11 mission, led
• In total, six Apollo missions successfully landed by astronaut Neil Armstrong.
astronauts on the Moon between 1969 and 1972. D) Neil Armstrong became the first person to set
foot on the Moon during NASA's Apollo 11
mission, which was part of the larger Apollo
program that aimed to land astronauts on the
Moon and bring them safely back to Earth.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 24

No Test Material On This Page
 Math
22 QUESTIONS

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 26 CONTINUE

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 27 CONTINUE
 1 3
3x + 9 = 30 Each value in the data set shown represents the height,
in centimeters, of a plant.
Which equation has the same solution as the given
equation? 7, 9, 12, 3, 18, 20, 11, 5, 5, 5
A) 3x = 18 What is the mean height, in centimeters, of these
B) 3x = 21 plants?
C) 3x = 10
D) 3x = 27

4
3c + 4d = 60
2 The given equation describes the relationship between
the number of cats, c, and the number of dogs, d, that
can be accommodated at a pet hotel on a given day. If
the pet hotel can accommodate 12 dogs on a given
day, how many cats can it accommodate on this day?
A) 0
B) 4
C) 20
D) 48

In the figure, line m is parallel to line n. What is the

value of w ?
A) 80 5
B) 160 A cube has an edge length of 10 centimeters. What is
C) 15 the volume, in cubic centimeters, of the cube?
D) 20 A) 100
B) 1,000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 28 CONTINUE

 6 9
87 is p%, percent of 150. What is the value of p ?

7
An astronomer predicts that the population of Mars
colonies was 10,000 in the year 2100. The astronomer
also predicts that each year for the next 4 years, the Each of dot plots shown represents the number of old
population M will increase by 2% of the previous coins brought in by each student for two classes, class
year's population. Which equation best represents this A and class B. Which statement best compares the
model, where x is the number of years after 2100, for standard deviations of the numbers of old coins
x ≤ 4? brought in by each student for these two classes?
A) M = 1.02(10,000)x A) The standard deviation of the number of old coins
B) M = 0.98(10,000) x brought in by each student for class A is less than
the standard deviation of the number of old coins
C) M = 10,000(1.02)x
brought in by each student for class B.
D) M = 10,000(0.98)x B) The standard deviation of the number of old coins
brought in by each student for class A is equal to
the standard deviation of the number of old coins
brought in by each student for class B.
C) The standard deviation of the number of old coins
brought in by each student for class A is greater
than the standard deviation of the number of old
8 coins brought in by each student for class B.
2x2 + 6x = 20 D) There is not enough information to compare
What is the positive solution to the given equation? these standard deviations.
2
A)
5
5
B)
2
C) 2

D) 5

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 29 CONTINUE

10 12
y = (x − 4) (x + 6)
y = 10x − 40
Which ordered pair (x, y) is the solution to the given
system of equations?
A) (0, 4)
B) (−4, 6)
C) (4, 0)
D) (6, −4)

The graph of y = f(x) is shown, where the function f is 13

defined by f(x) = ax2 + bx2 + cs + d and a, b, c, and d
are constants. For how many values of x does f(x) = 0 ? Triangle ABC is similar to triangle XYZ, where angle
A) One A corresponds to angle X and angles B and Y are right
5
B) Two angles. If cos(A)= , what is the value of cos(X) ?
13
C) Three
13
D) Four A)
5
5
B)
13
12
C)
5
11 5
D)
The exponential function g is defined by g(x) = 15 ∙ ax , 12
where a is a positive constant. If g(3) = 3,240 , what is
the value of g(4) ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 30 CONTINUE

14 17
t
The function g(t) = 80,000(3)540 gives the number of Point O is the center of a circle. The measure of arc
virus particles in a population t minutes after an initial AB, on this circle, is 120°. What is the measure, in
observation. How much time, in minutes, does it take degrees, of angle AOB ?
for the number of virus particles in the population to
triple?

18

15
d
r=
3s + 7
The given equation relates the distinct positive
numbers r, d, and s. Which equation correctly
expresses 3s + 7 in terms of r and d ?
d
A) 3s + 7 =
r
B) 3s + 7 = dr

C) 3s + 7 = d – r Which of the following could be the equation of the

r graph shown in the xy-plane?
D) 3s + 7 = 1
d
A) y = – (x – 2)(x + 3)
5x
1
B) y = – (x – 2)(x + 3)2
5x
1
C) y = – (x – 3)(x + 2)
5x
16 1
D) y = – (x – 3)2 (x + 2)
Line L is defined by the equation 3y + 6x = 9. Line M 5x
is perpendicular to line L in the xy-plane. What is the
slope of line M ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 31 CONTINUE

19 21
For x > 0, the function g is defined as follows: Poll Results
g(x) equals 120% x. Which of the following could
describe this function? John Adams 598

A) Decreasing exponential Mary Johnson 402

B) Decreasing linear
The table displays the results of a poll conducted with
C) Increasing exponential
a random selection of 1000 voters. These voters were
D) Increasing linear asked to indicate their preferred candidate in the
upcoming election. If 12,500 people are expected to
vote in the election, by how many votes would John
Adams be expected to win?
A) 597
B) 1,003
20 C) 5,025
f(x) = 3x2+ 42x + 200 D) 7,475
For what value of x does f(x) reach its minimum?

A) –9
B) –7
C) 0 22
D) 7 y = x2 + 4x – 2
y = 4x + a
In the given system of equations, a is a constant. The
graphs of the equations in the given system intersect
at exactly one point, (x,y), in the xy-plane. What is the
value of x ?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 32

No Test Material On This Page
 Math
22 QUESTIONS

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 34 CONTINUE

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 35 CONTINUE
 1 4
2x = 10 A proposal for a new public transport system was
included on the city's referendum. A local news
4x – y = 12
channel reported that three times as many people
The solution to the given system of equations is (x, y). voted in favor of the transport system as those who
What is the value of y ? voted against it. Another source reported that there
were 25,000 more people who voted in favor of the
A) –3
transport system than against it. How many people
B) 3 voted against the transport system proposal?
C) 8 A) 5,000
D) 12 B) 12,500
C) 15,000
D) 20,500

2
Which expression is equivalent to 7x2 – 3x2 ?
A) 10x2 5
2
B) 4x Caleb used syrup to make pancakes. The function
C) 12x 2 g(x) = –3x + 45 approximates the amount of syrup, in
ounces, Caleb had remaining after making x pancakes.
D) 6x2 What is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of
the graph of y = g(x) in the xy-plane in this context?
A) Caleb used approximately 3 ounces of syrup for
each pancake.
B) Caleb had approximately 3 ounces of syrup when
he began making the pancakes.
3 C) Caleb had approximately 45 ounces of syrup
35x = 35x when he began making the pancakes.
D) Caleb used approximately 45 ounces of syrup for
How many solutions does the given equation have?
each pancake.
A) Exactly one
B) Exactly two
C) Infinitely many
D) Zero

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 36 CONTINUE

 6 9
7π Data set A Data set B
An angle has a measure of radians. What is the Value
9 Frequency Frequency
measure of the angle, in degrees? 25 3 10
A) 70 degrees 30 4 8
B) 105 degrees 35 6 6
40 8 4
C) 140 degrees
45 10 3
D) 180 degrees
Data set A and data set B each consist of 31 values.
The table shows the frequencies of the values for each
data set. Which of the following statements best
compares the means of the two data sets?
A) The mean of data set A is greater than the mean of
data set B.
7 B) The mean of data set A is less than the mean of
y ≤ 3x + 5 data set B.
y ≥ –x – 2 C) The mean of data set A is equal to the mean of
data set B.
Which point (x, y) is a solution to the given system of
inequalities in the xy-plane? D) There is not enough information to compare the
means of the data sets.
A) (3, 15)
B) (–2, 6)
C) (0, –3)
D) (2, 1)

10
Triangle ABC is similar to triangle XYZ such that A, B,
and C correspond to X, Y, and Z, respectively. The
measure of ∠B is 30° and 3AB = XY. What is the
measure of ∠Y ?
8
A) 10°
A right triangle has legs with lengths of 16 centimeters
and 20 centimeters. If the length of this triangle's B) 30°
hypotenuse can be written in the form 4√d where d is C) 60°
an integer, what is the value of d ?
D) 90°

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 37 CONTINUE

11 13
Sarah made 50 cookies for a bake sale. She then filled The height of a rocket above the ground, g(t), in feet, t
x small gift bags and y large gift bags with all the seconds after it was launched, is given by the function
cookies she made. The equation 2x + 4y = 50
1
represents this situation. Which is the best g(t) = (t – 5)2 + 2. The domain is 0 ≤ t ≤ 20.
interpretation of 4y in this context? 16
What does the vertex of the graph of y = g(t)
A) The number of large gift bags Sarah filled.
represent?
B) The number of small gift bags Sarah filled.
C) The total number of cookies in the large gift bags. A) The rocket's maximum height above the ground.

D) The total number of cookies in the small gift bags. B) The rocket's initial height above the ground when
it was launched.
C) The rocket's minimum height above the ground.
D) The rocket's speed at the time it was launched.

12
3(x2 + 4x) – 10 = 2(2x – 5)
What is the sum of the solutions to the given
14
equation?
9
F(x) = (x – 273.15) + 32
5
The function F gives the temperature, in degrees
Fahrenheit, that corresponds to a temperature of x
kelvins. If a temperature increased by 3.20 kelvins, by
how much did the temperature increase, in degrees
Fahrenheit?
A) 5.76
B) 58.76
C) 528.76
D) 618.76

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 38 CONTINUE

15 18

x y A certain park has an area of 8,000,000 square yards.

What is the area, in square miles, of this park?
k 10 (1 mile = 1,760 yards)
k+6 –14
A) 0.26
Given (k, 10) and (k + 6, –14). B) 2.58
The table gives the coordinates of two points on a line C) 25.83
in the xy-plane. The y-intercept of the line is (k − 3, b), D) 258.26
where k and b are constants. What is the value of b ?

19
16
One can of oil-based paint will cover 180 square feet
One of the factors of 3x3 + 24x2 + 48x is x + b, where b of a surface. A rectangular deck has a total surface
is a positive constant. What is the smallest possible area of d square feet. What is the equation that
value of b ? represents the total amount of paint P, in cans, needed
to paint the deck three times?
d
A) P =
60
d
B) P =
180
17
d
The function g is defined by g(x) = 4x – 40. What is C) P =
540
the x-intercept of the graph of y = g(x) in the
xy-plane? D) P = 540d
A) (10, 0)
B) (8, 0)
C) (5, 0)
D) (4, 0)
20
54x – 36y = 18y + 12
1
ry = – 15x
9
In the given system of equations, r is a constant. If the
system has no solution, what is the value of r ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 39 CONTINUE

21 22
x2 c2 f(x) = ax2 + 6x + c
= + 42
√x2 – c2 √x2 – c2 In the given quadratic function, a and c are constants.
In the given equation, c is a positive constant. Which The graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane is a parabola that
of the following is one of the solutions to the given opens upward and has a vertex at the point (h, k),
equation? where h and k are constants. If k < 0 and f(−5) = f(1),
which of the following must be true?
A) –c I. c < 0
II. a ≥ 1
B) –c2 – 422
A) I only
C) –�422 – c2 B) II only
C) I and II
D) –�c2 + 422
D) Neither I nor II

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 40

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

Reading and Writing

Module 1
(27 questions)

QUESTION 1
Choice C is the best answer. The passage talks about Alan Turing's invention of the
theoretical device called the "Turing machine," which had a significant impact on
computing and computational theory. The question asks for the most logical and
precise word or phrase that completes the passage, and "computing" is the most
fitting choice, as it directly relates to the subject matter and the development of
modern computers.

QUESTION 2
Choice C is the best answer. The passage discusses Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen's
accidental discovery of X-rays and how it led to the establishment of a new branch
of science—radiology. The word or phrase that best fits in the blank to complete the
text logically and precisely is "introduction."

QUESTION 3
Choice D is the best answer. The passage discusses the Nobel Prize awarded to
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins for their discovery of the
structure of DNA. The word that bests fits in the blank to complete the text logically
and precisely is "acceptance." This choice accurately conveys the idea that the
awarding of the Nobel Prize acknowledged and recognized the double helix
structure proposed by Watson and Crick.

QUESTION 4
Choice A is the best answer. In the passage, the phrase "sweet sorrow" is used to
describe the feeling of parting. Juliet says that parting is such sweet sorrow, which
means that even though it is sad to say goodbye, there is a certain sweetness or
beauty in the feeling of sadness that comes from being deeply connected to
someone. The phrase carries the notion of experiencing both joy and sorrow
simultaneously. "Pleasant sadness" is the best description that captures the
essence of the phrase "sweet sorrow."

2 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

QUESTION 5
Choice A is the best answer. In the given text by Maya Angelou, the speaker
expresses their strength and resilience in the face of hate and adversity. The lines
"You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill
me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I'll rise," convey the message that the
speaker will overcome the hurtful actions of others and continue to rise above the
negativity. The main purpose of the text is to explore the impact of hatefulness and
violence on an individual's resilience, as demonstrated by the speaker's unwavering
determination to rise above the challenges they face.

QUESTION 6
Choice A is the best answer. In the poem "Hope is the thing with feathers" by Emily
Dickinson, the underlined portion, "And never stops at all," emphasizes the
persistent nature of hope. The poem uses the metaphor of a bird with feathers to
represent hope, and this line highlights that hope continues to exist and sing its
tune without interruption. The word "never" emphasizes the perpetual nature of
hope, even in challenging times. Option A accurately describes the function of the
underlined portion, as it underscores the enduring and unwavering aspect of hope.

QUESTION 7
Choice A is the best answer. In the given text, the structure follows the sequence of
events involving Elinor's expectations about Mr. Palmer and her subsequent
observations during her visit to his home. The passage starts by describing Elinor's
uncertainty about what to expect from Mr. Palmer based on her limited interactions
with him. It then transitions to her actual observations of him during her visit to his
home, where she finds him to be a gentleman in his behavior towards visitors,
occasionally rude to his wife and mother-in-law, and having certain typical traits of
his sex and time of life. The text further describes how Elinor likes him better than
expected but cannot like him any more due to his negative qualities. Option A
accurately describes the overall structure of the text, as it presents Elinor's initial
expectations and her actual observations of Mr. Palmer during her visit.

QUESTION 8
Choice B is the best answer. The passage describes how Oliver, after being left
alone in the undertaker's shop, experiences a combination of emotions—awe and
dread. He sets the lamp on a workman's bench and looks around, feeling a sense of
awe and trepidation. The presence of an unfinished coffin on black trestles in the
middle of the shop adds to his unease, and he imagines the possibility of
encountering something terrifying. Therefore, the main idea of the passage is
centered around Oliver's emotional state of feeling a mixture of awe and dread while
being alone in the undertaker's shop.

QUESTION 9
Choice D is the best answer. The main idea of the text is that educators Sarah
Thompson and Mike Johnson have designed an innovative school environment with
unconventional elements. They believe that this dynamic and versatile design will
encourage students to be more engaged, develop a love for learning, and ultimately
enhance their academic performance. The passage emphasizes that despite the
unconventional nature of the design, its primary goal is to create a positive impact
on students' learning experiences, fostering engagement and academic success.

3 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

QUESTION 10
Choice A is the best answer. In the poem "Dreams" by Langston Hughes, the main
purpose is to emphasize the importance of holding onto one's dreams. The speaker
encourages readers to cherish and pursue their dreams because they are a source
of hope and purpose in life. The metaphor of a "broken-winged bird" that cannot fly
if dreams die serves to highlight the significance of dreams in shaping and enriching
one's life. The poem conveys a message of optimism and determination, urging
individuals not to give up on their aspirations and to strive for a fulfilling and
meaningful existence.

QUESTION 11
Choice D is the best answer. In this line, Shelley directly addresses the West Wind
as a "Wild Spirit" that is in motion everywhere. This illustrates the poet's deep
understanding of the West Wind's ubiquitous and powerful presence.

QUESTION 12
Choice B is the best answer. This choice best describes data that supports the
researchers' claim that different student groups with very different reading speeds
can nonetheless achieve similar comprehension levels. It shows that despite
reading at a slower pace, Group Gamma still has a higher level of comprehension
compared to Group Delta, which suggests that reading speed and comprehension
level are not directly correlated and can vary independently among student groups.

QUESTION 13
Choice B is the best answer. The graph shows that there were approximately 75
spiders in each enclosure at the start of the study, which lasted 30 days. This
number decreased in both the enclosures with and without lizards. The student’s
claim is that the reduction in spiders in the enclosure with lizard is “entirely
attributable to the presence of the lizards” meaning that the spider population
wouldn’t have declined except for the presence of the lizards. This claim is
weakened, however, by the fact that the enclosure without lizards also saw a
substantial reduction in the number of spiders. Since the number of spiders
decreased in both the enclosure with and without lizards, there must be some other
factor besides the lizards' presence that caused the reduction in the spider
population.

QUESTION 14
Choice A is the best answer. The text mentions that while software developers
make up a small proportion of the total workforce in the tech industry, they occupy
a significantly higher proportion of leadership positions. The possible explanation
provided is that software development experience equips individuals with problem-
solving skills highly valued in leadership roles. This proficiency in problem-solving
leads to something that "thus" happens, implying a positive outcome related to
software developers and leadership positions.

4 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

QUESTION 15
Choice C is the best answer. In the original text, the correct form should follow the
convention of listing the names of researchers without commas before "and."
Option C adheres to this rule, using the correct format without unnecessary
punctuation. The absence of commas before "and" makes it the appropriate choice
to complete the text in accordance with Standard English.

QUESTION 16
Choice B is the best answer. The word "afterwards" is used to indicate that an action
took place after another action or event. In the given sentence, it is stating that
Sarah Thompson conducted her study on chimpanzee behavior first and then
published her findings afterward. The semicolon (;) is used to properly connect the
two clauses, making option B the correct choice for this sentence to conform to the
conventions of Standard English.
The other options either lack proper punctuation or include unnecessary words that
disrupt the sentence's coherence and grammar.

QUESTION 17
Choice A is the best answer. In the given sentence, the phrase "which is something"
is used to provide additional information about what creating a masterpiece
requires. The comma (,) before "which" is used to set off the non-restrictive clause,
which means the information is not essential to the sentence's core meaning but
provides extra context. Option A is the correct choice as it properly follows the
conventions of Standard English, while the other options either include
unnecessary punctuation or use "that" in a way that disrupts the sentence's flow and
structure.

QUESTION 18
Choice A is the best answer as it properly follows the conventions of Standard
English and maintains the logical structure of the sentence. The phrase "many
scholars have focused on her poetic style" fits naturally with the context of the
sentence, indicating that some scholars have overlooked her collection of letters.
The word "but" is used to introduce a contrast between the focus on her poetic style
and the neglect of her letters.
The other options either use awkward phrasing, unnecessary punctuation, or lack
clarity in expressing the intended meaning of the sentence.

QUESTION 19
Choice B is the best answer. The sentence should read: "She published her findings
in a renowned scientific journal, furthermore, many of her colleagues lauded her
work, and she received widespread recognition and praise from her peers." The
word "furthermore" is used as a transitional word to add more information or
emphasize the point made in the previous part of the sentence. The comma after
"furthermore" is appropriate to separate the transitional word from the rest of the
sentence. Additionally, there is no need for a comma after "colleagues" as there is
no interruption in the flow of the sentence.

5 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

QUESTION 20
Choice C is the best answer. The sentence should read: "A team of astronomers,
headed by Dr. Emily Roberts from the European Space Agency, discovered two new
exoplanets orbiting a distant star, WASP-187, which is located in the Draco
constellation, and WASP-221, which is situated in Lyra." The explanation is that a
comma (,) is used in this context to separate the appositive phrase "WASP-187,
which is located in the Draco constellation, and WASP-221, which is situated in
Lyra" from the main part of the sentence. The appositive phrase provides additional
information about the noun "star" and helps to identify which specific star the
astronomers discovered the exoplanets orbiting. The use of the comma here is
grammatically correct in Standard English.

QUESTION 21
Choice A is the most suitable answer as it provides a logical transition between the
two sentences. The word "Moreover" indicates that the upcoming information
supports or adds to the previous statement. In the context of the sentence, it shows
that modern technology and scientific analysis contributed to shedding new light on
the phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle.
The other options do not establish a coherent connection between the sentences,
making option A the correct answer for the sentence to flow logically.

QUESTION 22
Choice C is the most effective answer as it clearly presents relevant information
from the notes to compare the characteristics of the two bird species. The
sentence provides distinct details about the blue jay and the peacock, highlighting
their differences in terms of habitat, diet, and distinctive features.
The other options either fail to make a direct comparison or include unrelated
information, making option C the correct answer for accomplishing the researcher's
goal.

QUESTION 23
Choice C is the best answer because it most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to specify the significance of the event and how it was documented.
It concisely presents the key details about the event, its historical context, the
victory in a major battle, and the specific documentation on the walls of the Karnak
Temple and on a stele.
The other options either lack specific details or present the information in a less
clear or concise manner, making option C the correct answer for accomplishing the
researcher's goal.

QUESTION 24
Choice D is the best answer because it most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to emphasize the significance of the transitional fossil. It clearly
states that the new fossil discovered by paleontologists is a "transitional fossil" and
highlights its unique combination of features, resembling characteristics of both
herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs. This choice directly addresses the
researcher's goal of emphasizing the fossil's importance in understanding the
evolutionary history of dinosaurs.

6 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 1

The other options either lack specific details or present the information in a less
clear or concise manner, making option D the correct answer for accomplishing the
researcher's goal.

QUESTION 25
Choice B is the best answer because it most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to emphasize a specific achievement in Johnson's career. It directly
addresses the researcher's goal by highlighting the specific accomplishment of her
photograph of Yosemite National Park winning a prestigious photography award in
2015.
The other options either lack specific details about Johnson's achievements or
provide information that does not emphasize a significant accomplishment in her
career. Thus, option B is the correct answer to accomplish the researcher's goal.

QUESTION 26
Choice B is the best answer because it most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to emphasize how the island's geography played a crucial role in the
battle. It directly addresses the researcher's goal by highlighting the island's
strategic location and fortifications, which were factors contributing to the event's
outcome.
The other options either lack specific details about the island's significance or do
not focus on its geographic importance in the battle. Thus, option B is the correct
answer to accomplish the researcher's goal.

QUESTION 27
Choice B is the best answer because it most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to emphasize a similarity between the two novels. It directly
addresses the researcher's goal by highlighting that both Pride and Prejudice and
Wuthering Heights are set in England and share themes of love and romance.
The other options either lack specific details about the novels' similarities or provide
information that is not relevant to their thematic connections. Thus, option B is the
correct answer to accomplish the researcher's goal.

7 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

Reading and Writing

Module 2
(27 questions)

QUESTION 1
Choice A is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the
text. To be an "advocate for" something means to support or promote it actively. In
the context of the sentence, Francis Cecil Sumner was not just an accomplished
psychologist but also an advocate for increasing the opportunity for Black students
to study psychology. The word "advocate" accurately captures Sumner's role in
supporting the cause, making it the correct choice.

QUESTION 2
Choice A is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the
text. The word "captivating" accurately describes the dance sequence's ability to
hold the attention and interest of the audience. The sentence indicates that critics
praised director Sarah Ramirez for her unique storytelling and the choreographer
for creating mesmerizing movements that enhanced the film's narrative. The word
"captivating" conveys the idea of something being enthralling and appealing,
making it the most appropriate choice among the given options.

QUESTION 3
Choice B is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the
text. The word "rebellion" accurately reflects the idea of the protagonist challenging
societal norms and expectations. In the context of the sentence, scholarly
discussions of gender in Shakespeare's comedies often celebrate the rebellion of
the playwright's characters against the rigid expectations prescribed by Elizabethan
society. Similarly, in the test question, the novel's protagonist challenges societal
norms and expectations through their rebellion against conventional roles and
beliefs. The word "rebellion" is the most appropriate choice among the given
options, as it conveys the concept of defiance and resistance against societal
norms.

8 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

QUESTION 4
Choice A is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the
text. The word "complementary" accurately reflects the idea that the influences
mentioned in the sentence work well together and enhance each other. In the
sentence, the documentary film captures the essence of New York City's diverse
cultural landscape by weaving together complementary influences like the vibrant
rhythms of Latin music, the raw energy of hip-hop, and the soulful melodies of jazz.
The word "complementary" conveys the concept of influences that harmoniously
complement each other, making it the most appropriate choice among the given
options.
The other options, such as "elusive," "inconsequential," or "divergent," do not
convey the same meaning and would not fit logically in the context of the sentence.

QUESTION 5
Choice A is the best answer. In Text 1, historians traditionally believed that the
Renaissance was characterized by progress and enlightenment, but in Text 2, Dr.
Johnson and historian Mark Roberts present an alternative view. They suggest that
the period was not only marked by advancements in art and literature but also by
conflicts, religious tensions, and political upheavals. Option A best reflects Mark
Roberts' response to the "conventional wisdom" presented in Text 1. Roberts
expands on Dr. Johnson's alternative view and argues that the Renaissance was not
solely a period of unbridled progress. Instead, he emphasizes instances of
patronage politics, censorship of ideas, and economic disparities that challenged
the conventional notion of the Renaissance as a period of uninterrupted progress
and enlightenment. Option A accurately captures Roberts' perspective, making it
the correct answer.

QUESTION 6
Choice A is the best answer because it best states the main idea of the text. The
passage discusses how astronomers proposed the existence of a hypothetical
ninth planet in our solar system in 2010, and it remained a subject of speculation
until 2022 when Dr. Lee and her team confirmed its existence through detailed
observations. The phrase "Astronomers have been investigating the possibility of a
ninth planet in our solar system, and in 2022, its existence was finally confirmed
through detailed observations" accurately summarizes the central theme of the
text, making it the correct answer.

QUESTION 7
Choice C is the best answer. The passage states that dark matter, which is a
significant component of the universe, has been challenging to study because it
does not emit, absorb, or reflect light. However, the recent discovery of Xenions by
Dr. Lisa Parker's astrophysics team is significant because these subatomic particles
have the unique property of being able to interact with dark matter. This interaction
opens new possibilities for scientists to directly study dark matter, which was
previously difficult to observe or analyze. The discovery of Xenions provides a
potential breakthrough in our understanding of dark matter and its role in the
cosmos.

9 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

QUESTION 8
Choice C is the best answer. In the passage, Jo grumbles about Christmas, saying,
"Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents." This indicates that she is
unhappy with the idea of not having any presents for Christmas. Option C correctly
captures Jo's sentiment, making it the correct answer.
The other options may be true for the characters mentioned, but they are not
explicitly stated in the passage regarding Jo.

QUESTION 9
Choice A is the best answer. In the passage, Holden Caulfield describes another
character, Morrow, with a critical attitude. His comparison of Morrow to a "goddamn
toilet seat" illustrates his negative opinion of Morrow's lack of sensitivity. Option A
effectively demonstrates Holden's critical attitude towards others, making it the
correct answer.
The other options may be relevant to the novel, but they do not directly illustrate
Holden's critical attitude towards others as stated in the question.

QUESTION 10
Choice C is the best answer. Barrett and Rayfield assert in the text that estimates of
dinosaur bite; The processes employed to create force may have a significant
impact on them – that is that outcomes from several methodologies can vary
greatly from one another. The table shows that the studies by Bates and Falkingham
and by Cost et al. used the same estimation method, which is the muscular and
modeling and produced similar bite force estimates, which is approximately 34,000
– 56,000 newtons and 34,000 – 62,000 newtons respectively. The study by Meers,
however, used body-mass scaling and produced a much higher bite force estimate
approximately 173,000 - 225,000 newtons, while the study by Gignac and Erickson
used tooth – bone interaction analysis and produced a much lower bite force
estimate about 7,000 – 33, 000 newtons. The premise that dinosaur biting force
estimates are strongly influenced by the methodology used to protect them is
supported by the fact that one method produced comparable estimates in two
distinct investigations and that two other methods employed in other research
produced estimates that were significantly different.

QUESTION 11
Choice B is the best answer. This answer directly undermines Princess Cimorene's
hypothesis because it suggests that there is no observable difference in the singing
ability between the two groups of frogs with different diets. If eating enchanted flies
were indeed the cause of the frogs' singing ability, then the group of frogs
consuming enchanted flies should have shown an enhanced singing ability
compared to the other group. However, since there is no difference in their singing
abilities, it casts doubt on the initial assumption that the frogs' diet of enchanted
flies is responsible for their ability to sing.

QUESTION 12
Choice B is the best answer. This observation would directly support the
researchers' hypothesis because an increase in oxalic and malic acids during
drought suggests that the cacti are actively using these acids to dissolve and
extract nutrients (such as calcium and magnesium) from the nutrient-poor sandy

10 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

soils to compensate for the scarcity of nutrients in the desert environment. The
increase in acid secretion during drought indicates a specific adaptation of the cacti
to enhance nutrient uptake when water is limited, further supporting their reliance
on these acids for nutrient extraction.

QUESTION 13
Choice B is the best answer. The passage states that genetic markers for turkeys in
the Rio Grande Valley only appeared after 1280, and it was determined that these
turkeys descended in part from turkeys cultivated at Mesa Verde. The most logical
conclusion from this information is that the Ancestral Puebloans of Mesa Verde
introduced turkey cultivation to the Rio Grande Valley during their migration or
dispersal in the late 1200s C.E.

QUESTION 14
Choice A is the best answer. The text presents the Green Energy Accord as an
international agreement aimed at promoting renewable energy adoption globally.
However, it is mentioned that some critics have pointed out a potential flaw in the
accord, which is that it allows member countries to set their own renewable energy
targets. The phrase "This could hinder collaborative efforts and lead to" indicates
that the flaw could have negative consequences. The most logical consequence
mentioned among the choices is "a lack of transparency and accountability in
tracking progress towards global renewable energy goals." If member countries can
set their own targets without standardized criteria, it may become challenging to
assess and compare their progress towards achieving renewable energy goals.
Lack of transparency and accountability could hinder cooperation and collective
efforts in combating climate change and transitioning to renewable energy sources.

QUESTION 15
Choice D is the best answer. The text presents research conducted by botanist
Maria Hernandez and her team, which involved analyzing the genetic makeup of
mango varieties from different parts of the world. The surprising finding was that
some East African mango varieties share a closer genetic relationship with
Southeast Asian ones than with other East African varieties. To explain this genetic
relationship, the team considered the fact that mango cultivation in East Africa has
been established for several centuries and that there were no known recent
introductions of mangoes from Southeast Asia. Therefore, the most logical
conclusion is that the early introduction of mangoes from Southeast Asia to East
Africa must have happened in the past. Option D suggests that ancient trading
routes likely facilitated this early introduction. This explanation aligns with the
information provided in the text – that there were no recent introductions and that
the genetic relationship between some East African mango varieties and Southeast
Asian ones indicates a historical connection. Ancient trade routes could have
allowed for the exchange of goods, including mango seeds or plants, between
Southeast Asia and East Africa, resulting in the observed genetic relationship
between the mango varieties.

QUESTION 16
Choice B is the best answer. The possessive form "Borneo's" indicates that we are
referring to the diverse inhabitants that belong to Borneo. This choice correctly
represents possession and fits the sentence structure, making it the most
appropriate option.

11 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

QUESTION 17
Choice A is the best answer. In English writing, when specifying a location or place,
it is common to use a comma to separate the name of the place and the country it is
located in. The semicolon after "Tanzania" serves to indicate that the information
following it further explains or provides additional details about the previous
statement. So, in this context, the use of a comma after "Gombe Stream National
Park" and before "Tanzania" is the correct way to present the location where Jane
Goodall conducted her research on chimpanzees. The comma makes it clear that
"Tanzania" refers to the country where the national park is located, and the
semicolon helps to add information about the significance of the location for her
groundbreaking research.

QUESTION 18
Choice A is the best answer. This choice provides a clear and straightforward
statement that accurately conveys the information from the original sentence while
adhering to the conventions of Standard English. It follows a subject-verb-object
pattern, which is common in English sentences.

QUESTION 19
Choice A is the best answer because it provides a clear and grammatically correct
sentence. It uses the appropriate verb tense ("envelopes") and does not include
unnecessary punctuation or formatting. This choice effectively conveys the
intended meaning that visitors experience a sense of peace as they walk along the
garden path.

QUESTION 20
Choice A is the best answer because it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English punctuation. The comma before "which" is used to introduce a relative
clause ("which have zero tailpipe emissions"), providing additional information about
the preceding noun phrase "electric cars." The relative clause is essential to
complete the sentence's meaning.

QUESTION 21
Choice A is the best answer because it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English. The adjective "inspiring" fits the context of the sentence, describing the
effect of the documentary film "The Blue Planet" on the audience. It complements
the subject "The Blue Planet" and maintains the parallel structure of the sentence.

QUESTION 22
Choice C is the best answer. The semicolon is used to separate the two
independent clauses, and the word "nevertheless" is correctly placed after the
semicolon to show a contrast or contradiction to the first part of the sentence. This
choice effectively conveys the idea that Dr. Emily Sanchez doesn't make decisions
individually; however, all proposals must go through rigorous evaluations by a team
of experts from various botanical institutions. The use of the word "nevertheless"
emphasizes the contrast between her role in the committee and the rigorous
evaluation process that follows.

12 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ READING AND WRITING: MODULE 2

QUESTION 23
Choice D is the best answer because it provides the most logical transition.
"Likewise" is used to indicate that Serena Williams's achievement of winning her
23rd Grand Slam title was similarly noteworthy or remarkable, just like the previous
sentence mentioned the historical significance of her accomplishment. It helps to
establish a parallel between her winning the 23rd Grand Slam title and surpassing
Margaret Court's previous record.

QUESTION 24
Choice D is the best answer because it provides the most logical transition.
"Increasingly" indicates a growing trend or change in the behavior of scientists. It
fits well in the context, where the sentence discusses the shift in scientists'
approach towards collaboration. The use of "increasingly" connects the information
about the shift with the evidence mentioned in the second part of the sentence,
which is the rise in the number of scientific publications credited to multiple authors.

QUESTION 25
Choice A is the best answer because it provides the most logical transition.
"Alternatively" suggests another option or course of action that contrasts with the
previous statement. In this case, it introduces the idea of alternative treatments for
chronic pain, which can be used instead of opioid medications. The use of
"alternatively" connects the information about opioid medications with the
information about other treatment options.

QUESTION 26
Choice B is the best answer because it effectively uses relevant information from
the observations to emphasize the impact of urbanization and habitat loss on
migratory birds. The option directly states that urbanization and habitat loss have
affected the availability of stopover sites for migratory birds. It also mentions the
initiation of conservation efforts to support their populations, which further
highlights the concern and actions taken to address the impact of urbanization and
habitat loss.

QUESTION 27
Choice D is the best answer because it effectively uses relevant information from
the notes to introduce the Apollo program to an audience already familiar with
NASA's establishment. It specifically mentions the Apollo 11 mission led by
astronaut Neil Armstrong, who became the first person to set foot on the Moon. It
also connects the Apollo 11 mission to the larger Apollo program's goal of landing
astronauts on the Moon and bringing them safely back to Earth.

13 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

Math
Module 1
(22 questions)

QUESTION 1
Choice B is correct. To find the equation that has the same solution as the given
equation, we need to isolate x in the given equation and then set it equal to x in each
of the options and see which one results in a true statement.
Given equation: 3x + 9 = 30
Isolate x in the given equation:
Subtract 9 from both sides:
3x + 9 - 9 = 30 - 9
3x = 21

QUESTION 2
Choice B is correct. The given figure shows corresponding angles theorem. It
states that if a transversal intersects two parallel lines, the pairs of angles formed on
the same side of the transversal are having the same side. Line m is parallel to line n
and 160° and w° are corresponding angles. Therefore, w = 160.

QUESTION 3
The correct answer is 9.5 centimeters. To find the mean height of the plants in the
given data set, we need to add up all the values and then divide by the total number
of values (plants). Test data set: 7, 9, 12, 3, 18, 20, 11, 5, 5, 5
Step 1: Add up all the values:
7 + 9 + 12 + 3 + 18 + 20 + 11 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 95
Step 2: Calculate the total number of values (plants):
There are 10 values in the test data set.
Step 3: Calculate the mean height:
Sum of all values
Mean =
Total number of values
95
Mean = = 9.5
10

14 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

The mean height of these plants in the test data set is 9.5 centimeters.

QUESTION 4
Choice B is correct. To find the number of cats that can be accommodated at the
pet hotel on a given day, we need to use the given equation and substitute the value
of d (number of dogs) with 12. Given equation: 3c + 4d = 60
Substitute d = 12:
3c + 4(12) = 60
3c + 48 = 60
Now, we need to isolate c :
Subtract 48 from both sides:
3c = 60 - 48
3c = 12
Finally, divide by 3 to find the value of c:
12
c=
3
c=4
The pet hotel can accommodate 4 cats on this day.

QUESTION 5
Choice B is correct. The volume of a cube is calculated by raising the edge length to
the power of 3. In this case, the volume would be
10 centimeters ⋅ 10 centimeters ⋅ 10 centimeters = 1,000 cubic centimeters.

QUESTION 6
The correct answer is 58.
p
We can represent this as: 87 = � � ⋅ 150
100
To solve for p :
p 87
=
100 150
87
p=� � ⋅ 100
150
p = 0.58 ⋅ 100
p = 58
So, the value of p is 58.

QUESTION 7
Choice C is correct. According to the model, the population increases by 2% each
year. To represent this in the equation, we use the base population of 10,000 and
multiply it by 1.02 raised to the power of x, where x is the number of years after
2100. This equation correctly captures the annual 2% increase in population as
predicted by the astronomer's model for the Mars colonies.

15 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

QUESTION 8
Choice C is correct. To find the positive solution to the equation 2x 2 + 6x = 20,
follow these steps:
Step 1: Rewrite the equation in standard form �ax 2 + bx + c = 0�:
2x 2 + 6x - 20 = 0
Step 2: Factor the quadratic equation, if possible:
To factor 2x 2 + 6x - 20, divide all terms by 2 to simplify it: x 2 + 3x - 10 = 0
Now, factor the quadratic expression: (x + 5)(x - 2) = 0
Step 3: Set each factor to zero and solve for x :
x + 5 = 0 --> x = -5
x - 2 = 0 --> x = 2
So, we have two potential solutions: x = -5 and x = 2.
However, the question asks for the positive solution. The positive solution is x = 2.

QUESTION 9
Choice B is correct. Standard deviation gives an overall measure of how spread out
individual data points are from their mean. Data sets with more spread from the
mean have larger standard deviations, and data sets with less spread from the
mean have a smaller standard deviations. The dot plots for class A and class B are
identical except that every value in class B has been shifted 13 units higher.
However, the spread is equal in each class. For example, the range in each class is 6
old coins. There is no need to calculate the mean in each data set, but it would have
the same relative position in each class, and the data points are spread from the
mean in the same way in each class. The standard deviation of the number of old
coins brought in by each student for class A is equal to the standard deviation of the
number of old coins brought in by each student for class B.

QUESTION 10
Choice C is correct. The graph of a function crosses the x-axis where its function
value is zero. The graph crosses the x-axis three times therefore, it contains three
distinct zeroes.

QUESTION 11
The correct answer is 19,440. To find the value of g(4), we need to use the given
information that g(x) = 15 ⋅ a x and g(3) = 3,240. Given: g(x) = 15 ⋅ a x and
g(3) = 3,240. We are asked to find g(4). Let's substitute x = 3 into the function and
solve for 'a ' :
g(3) = 15 ⋅ a 3
3,240 = 15 ⋅ a 3
3,240
a3 =
15
a 3 = 216
3
a = �216 = 6
Now that we know the value of 'a ' (which is 6), we can find g(4):
g(4) = 15 ⋅ a 4
4
g(4) = 15 ⋅ 6
g(4) = 15 ⋅ 1,296

16 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

g(4) = 19,440
Therefore, the value of g(4) is 19,440.

QUESTION 12
Choice C is correct. Set the two equations equal to each other:
(x − 4) (x + 6) = 10x − 40
Simplify the equation: x 2 + 2x - 24 = 10x - 40
Bring all terms to one side: x 2 - 8x + 16 = 0
Factor the quadratic equation: (x - 4)(x - 4) = 0
Solve for x : x = 4
Substitute x = 4 into either equation to find y :
y = 10(4) - 40
y=0
So, the solution is (x, y) = (4, 0).

QUESTION 13
Choice B is correct. Since triangle ABC is similar to triangle XYZ, their
corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, cos(A) = cos(X). Given that
5 5
cos(A) = , we can conclude that cos(X) is also equal to .
13 13

QUESTION 14
The correct answer is 540 minutes. To find the time it takes for the number of virus
particles in the population to triple, find the value of t when the function g(t) is equal
to three times the initial number of virus particles.
t
g(t) = 80,000(3)540
Find the value of t when g(t) becomes triple the initial number of virus particles:
3 ⋅ initial number of virus particles = 3 ⋅ 80,000
t
Now, write the equation: 3 ⋅ 80,000 = 80,000(3)540
t
To solve for t, divide both sides by 80,000: 3 = 3540
Now, isolate the exponent on the right side. To do that, take the logarithm (base 3)
of both sides:
t
log3(3)= log3 �3540 �
The logarithm of a number with the same base is 1, so:
t
1=
540
Now, to solve for t, multiply both sides by 540: t = 540
So, it takes 540 minutes for the number of virus particles in the population to triple.

QUESTION 15
Choice A is correct. To express 3s + 7 in terms of r and d, rearrange the given
d
equation: r =
3s + 7
Now, solve for 3s + 7:

17 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

Multiply both sides of the equation by 3s + 7: r(3s + 7)= d

d
Now, isolate 3s + 7: 3s + 7 =
r
d
So, the correct equation that expresses 3s + 7 in terms of r and d is 3s + 7 = .
r

QUESTION 16
1
The correct answer is . Given the equation of line L as 3y + 6x = 9, the slope of
2
line L can be found by rearranging the equation into slope-intercept form
(y = mx + b), where "m " represents the slope:
3y + 6x = 9
3y = -6x + 9
-6x + 9
y=
3
y = -2x + 3
The slope of line L is -2. Since line M is perpendicular to line L, its slope will be the
negative reciprocal of -2. The negative reciprocal of a number is found by taking
the negative of the number and then taking the reciprocal (flipping the fraction). So,
1 1 1
the slope of line M = - = . Therefore, the slope of line M is .
-2 2 2

QUESTION 17
The correct answer is 60 degrees. Since point P is the center of the circle, the
measure of angle AOB (denoted by θ) is equal to half the measure of arc AB.
1
Measure of angle AOB (θ)= ⋅ Measure of arc AB
2
1
θ = ⋅ 120°
2
θ = 60°
Therefore, the measure of angle AOB is 60 degrees.

QUESTION 18
Choice B is correct. Given that the graph passes through x = 2 and x = -3, use
these points to derive the equation.
Step 1: Determine the x-intercepts Since the graph passes through x = 2 and
x = -3, these points are the x-intercepts of the graph. Therefore, the factors (x - 2)
and (x + 3) must be present in the equation.
Step 2: Determine the multiplicity of the x-intercepts To determine the multiplicity,
we examine the behavior of the graph at the x-intercepts.
At x = 2, the graph passes through the x-axis without changing its direction. This
indicates that the factor (x - 2) appears linearly in the equation.
At x = -3, the graph touches the x-axis but does not cross it. This indicates that the
factor (x + 3) appears with a multiplicity of 2 in the equation.
Step 3: Determine the leading coefficient The leading coefficient can be determined
by considering the overall behavior of the graph. As the graph is decreasing and
opens downward, the leading coefficient should be negative.

18 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

QUESTION 19
Choice D is correct. To understand the function g(x) = 120% x, the meaning of
"120% x " needs clarification. "120% x " is not standard notation but can be
interpreted as "120 percent of x."
In mathematical terms, to find 120 percent of x, calculate as follows:
120
120% x = � � ⋅ x = 1.2 ⋅ x
100
Analyzing the behavior of the function for x > 0: g(x) = 1.2 ⋅ x
This function represents a linear relationship with a positive slope (m = 1.2),
indicating an increasing linear function.

QUESTION 20
Choice B is correct. To find the value of x at which h(x) reaches its minimum,
analyze the function h(x) = f (x - 6), where f(x)= 3x 2 + 42x + 200. To determine
the minimum of h(x), find the value of x that corresponds to the vertex of the
parabola formed by h(x). The vertex of a parabola in the form ax 2 + bx + c is given
b
by the formula x = - . For the function h(x) = f (x - 6), the coefficient of x 2 is 3,
2a
and the coefficient of x is 42. Plugging these values into the vertex formula:
42
x=-
2⋅3
42
x=-
6
x = -7
So, the value of x at which h(x) reaches its minimum is -7.

QUESTION 21
Choice D is correct. Find the proportion of votes for each candidate in the poll:
598
Proportion of votes for John Adams = = 0.598
1000
402
Proportion of votes for Mary Johnson = = 0.402
1000
Apply the proportions to the total number of voters (12,500) in the upcoming
election to find the expected number of votes for each candidate:
Expected votes for John Adams ≈ 0.598 ⋅ 12,500 = 7,475
Expected votes for Mary Johnson ≈ 0.402 ⋅ 12,500 = 5,025
So, John Adams would be expected to win by 7,475 votes.

QUESTION 22
Choice A is correct. To find the value of x, we need to find the point where the
graphs of the two equations intersect. This is the point where the y-values of both
equations are equal. Set these two equations equal to each other:
x 2 + 4x - 2 = 4x + a
x 2 + 4x - 4x - 2 - a = 0
x 2- 2 - a = 0

19 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 1

The graphs of the equations intersect at exactly one point, meaning the
2
discriminant is equal to zero: The discriminant, D, is given by: b - 4ac
In the equation, a = 1, b = 0 (since the coefficient of x is 0), and c = -2 - a. Set the
discriminant equal to zero:
(0) 2 - 4(1)(-2 - a)= 0
-4(-2 - a) = 0
8 + 4a = 0
4a = -8
8
a=-
4
a = -2
Now, find x by substituting the value of a back into one of the equations:
y = 4x + a
y = 4x – 2
Now, set the two expressions for y equal to each other:
x 2 + 4x - 2 = 4x - 2
2
x + 4x - 4x - 2 + 2 = 0
x 2= 0
x = ±�0
x=0
Therefore, the solution for x is x = 0.

20 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

Math
Module 2
(22 questions)

QUESTION 1
Choice C is correct. To find the value of y, solve the given system of equations:
2x = 10
Divide both sides by 2 to solve for x :
10
x=
2
x=5
Now, substitute the value of x into the second equation: 4x - y = 12
4(5) - y = 12
Simplify:
20 - y = 12
Now, isolate y by subtracting 20 from both sides:
-y = 12 - 20
-y = -8
To get the value of y, multiply both sides by -1 to change the sign:
y=8

QUESTION 2
Choice B is correct. To find the equivalent expression, combine like terms:
7x 2 - 3x 2 = (7 - 3)x 2 = 4x 2

QUESTION 3
Choice C is correct. The given equation is 35x = 35x
In this equation, the variable "x " is present on both sides of the equation. This
means that any value of "x " will satisfy the equation, as both sides are always equal.
This is known as an identity.
So, the given equation has infinitely many solutions.

21 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

QUESTION 4
Choice B is correct. Assume the number of people who voted against the transport
system proposal is "x." According to the local news channel, three times as many
people voted in favor of the transport system, so the number of people who voted
in favor is 3x. According to the other source, there were 25,000 more people who
voted in favor of the transport system than against it, so the number of people who
voted in favor is x + 25,000. Since both expressions represent the number of
people who voted in favor, set them equal to each other:
3x = x + 25,000
Now, solve for x :
3x - x = 25,000
2x = 25,000
25,000
x=
2
x = 12,500
So, 12,500 people voted against the transport system proposal.

QUESTION 5
Choice C is correct. To interpret the y-intercept of the graph of the function
y = g(x) in this context, understand its meaning within the problem's context.
In the given function g(x) = -3x + 45, "x " represents the number of pancakes
Caleb made, and "g(x)" represents the amount of syrup remaining after making
those x pancakes. The coefficient of "x " is -3, indicating that with each pancake
made (as "x " increases), Caleb uses 3 ounces of syrup. Now, focus on the
y-intercept of the graph, which is the value of "g(x)" when "x " is 0. In the context of
this problem, it represents the initial amount of syrup Caleb had before making any
pancakes. So, when x = 0 in the function g(x) = -3x + 45:
g(0) = -3(0) + 45 = 45.
Therefore, the best interpretation of the y-intercept is Caleb had approximately 45
ounces of syrup when he began making the pancakes.

QUESTION 6
Choice C is correct. To convert the angle measure from radians to degrees, use the
following conversion formula:
Radians ⋅ 180
Degrees =
π
7π
Given the angle measure is radians, plug this into the formula:
9
7π 180
Degrees = � � ⋅ � �
9 π
(7 ⋅ 180)
Degrees =
9
1260
Degrees =
9
Degrees = 140
So, the measure of the angle is 140 degrees.

22 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

QUESTION 7
Choice C is correct. To find which point is a solution to the given system of
inequalities, test each point (x, y) from the options and see if it satisfies both
inequalities.
A) (3, 15)
For this option, x = 3 and y = 15.
1st inequality: y ≤ 3x + 5
15 ≤ 3 ⋅ 3 + 5
15 ≤ 14 (This is false)
Since the first inequality is false, discard this option.
B) (-2, 6)
For this option, x = -2 and y = 6.
1st inequality: y ≤ 3x + 5
6 ≤ 3 ⋅ (-2) + 5
6 ≤ -1 (This is false)
Since the first inequality is false, discard this option.
C) (0, -3)
For this option, x = 0 and y = -3.
1st inequality: y ≤ 3x + 5
-3 ≤ 3 ⋅ 0 + 5
-3 ≤ 5 (This is true)
2nd inequality: y ≥ -x - 2
-3 ≥ -0 - 2
-3 ≥ -2 (This is true)
Since both inequalities are true for this option, it is a solution to the system of
inequalities.
D) (2, 1)
For this option, x = 2 and y = 1.
1st inequality: y ≤ 3x + 5
1≤3⋅2+5
1 ≤ 11 (This is false)
Since the first inequality is false, discard this option.
So, the correct answer is (0, -3), as it is the only point that satisfies both
inequalities in the xy-plane.

QUESTION 8
The correct answer is 41. In a right triangle, the Pythagorean theorem states that
the square of the length of the hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the squares of
2
the lengths of the two legs (a and b): c 2 = a 2 + b Given that the lengths of the legs
are 16 centimeters and 20 centimeters, find the length of the hypotenuse (c):
2 2
c 2 = 16 + 20
c 2 = 256 + 400
c 2 = 656

23 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

Now, to express the length of the hypotenuse in the form 4√d , find the largest
perfect square that divides 656. The largest perfect square that divides 656 is 16,
which is 4 2 . So, write the length of the hypotenuse as:

c = �4 2 ⋅ 41
c = 4√41
Therefore, the value of d is 41.

QUESTION 9
Choice A is correct. We can compare the averages of data sets A and B without
doing the calculation. "Frequency" shows how often each value appears in both
sets. Both sets have 27 values and are the same, so we only look at the frequencies.
Data set A has more higher values since frequencies increase with values. Data set
B has more lower values since frequencies decrease with values. Therefore, the
mean of data set A is higher.

QUESTION 10
Choice B is correct. Since triangle ABC is similar to triangle XYZ, their
corresponding angles are equal. Therefore, the measure of angle Y (∠Y) is equal to
the measure of angle B (∠B), which is given as 30°.

QUESTION 11
Choice C is correct. The equation 2x + 4y = 50 represents the total number of
cookies Sarah made, where x is the number of small gift bags, and y is the number
of large gift bags she filled. To interpret 4y in this context, we need to understand
what it represents in the equation. Since y represents the number of large gift bags
Sarah filled, and 4 is the coefficient of y, 4y represents the total number of cookies
in the large gift bags.

QUESTION 12
8
The correct answer is - . To find the sum of the solutions to the equation
3
3(x 2 + 4x) - 10 = 2(2x - 5), first solve the equation.
3�x 2 + 4x�- 10 = 2(2x - 5)
3x 2 + 12x - 10 = 4x - 10
2
3x + 12x - 4x - 10 + 10 = 0
3x 2 + 8x = 0
Now, it is a quadratic equation in standard form �ax 2 + bx = 0�. To find the
solutions, factor out the common term x :
x(3x + 8) = 0
Now, set each factor to zero and solve for x :
x=0
3x + 8 = 0
3x = -8
8
x=-
3
Now, there are two possible values for x :

24 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

x=0
8
x=-
3
To find the sum of the solutions, add the two values:
8
x = 0 + �- �
3
8
x=-
3

QUESTION 13
Choice C is correct. The vertex of a quadratic function in the form
g(t)= a(t - h) 2 + k is given by the point (h, k). In this case, the function is
1
g(t)= � � (t - 5) 2 + 2. To find the vertex, compare it to the general form and
16
identify h and k. h = 5 and k = 2. Therefore, the vertex is located at the
point (5, 2). Now, interpret this vertex in the context of the rocket's height above
the ground: C) The rocket's minimum height above the ground. The y-coordinate of
the vertex (which is 2) represents the lowest height the rocket reaches above the
ground during its flight. As the rocket ascends and descends, the vertex represents
the point where it reaches its minimum height, which is 2 feet above the ground.

QUESTION 14
Choice A is correct. To find out how much the temperature increased in degrees
Fahrenheit when it increased by 3.20 kelvins, we'll use the function
9
F(x) = � � ⋅ (x - 273.15) + 32. Let's calculate the temperature difference by
5
plugging in the new temperature (x + 3.20 kelvins) into the function and subtracting
the initial temperature (x kelvins):
Temperature Increase = F(x + 3.20) - F(x)
Substitute x + 3.20 into the function:
9
F(x + 3.20) = � � ⋅ ((x + 3.20) - 273.15) + 32
5
Now, substitute x into the function:
9
F(x) = � � ⋅ (x - 273.15) + 32
5
9
Temperature Increase = �� � ⋅ �(x + 3.20) - 273.15� + 32� -
5
9
�� � ⋅ (x - 273.15) + 32�
5
Now, simplify the expression:
9
Temperature Increase = � � ⋅ (x + 3.20 - 273.15 - x + 273.15)
5
9
Temperature Increase = � � ⋅ (3.20)
5
Temperature Increase = 5.76 degrees Fahrenheit
Therefore, the temperature increased by 5.76 degrees Fahrenheit when it
increased by 3.20 kelvins.

25 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

QUESTION 15
The correct answer is 22. To find the y-intercept of the line, determine the value of b
when x (the independent variable) is equal to 0. The y-intercept occurs when x is 0
because it represents the point where the line crosses the y-axis, thus we can have
(0, y). We can say that (k − 3, b) is equal to (0, y). That gives us: k – 3 = 0 and
b = y. So, k = 3. That will give us the table:
x y
3 10
9 -14

Let's find the equation of the line using the two given points (3, 10) and (9, -14).
The equation of a line can be represented in the slope-intercept form: y = mx + b,
where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. First, find the slope (m) using the two
points:
change in y
m=
change in x
-14 - 10
m=
9-3
24
m=-
6
m = -4
Now that we have the slope (m), we can write the equation of the line y = -4x + b.
Now, we need to find the value of b, which is the y-intercept. Use (3, 10) that lies on
the line. Since the point (3, 10) lies on the line, we can substitute these values into
the equation of the line:
y = -4x + b
10 = -4(3) + b
10 = -12 + b
b = 10 + 12
b = 22
So, the value of b is 22.

QUESTION 16
The correct answer is 4. To factor the given polynomial, we'll start by looking for
common factors among the terms. In this case, all the terms have a common factor
of 3x, so we can factor that out first:
3x 3 + 24x 2 + 48x = 3x�x 2 + 8x + 16�
Now, we need to factor the quadratic expression inside the parentheses, which can
be done by finding two binomials whose product is equal to the quadratic
expression. The quadratic expression x 2 + 8x + 16 can be factored as follows:
x 2 + 8x + 16 = (x + 4)(x + 4)
Notice that both factors are the same, which means it is a perfect square trinomial.
So, the fully factored form of the original polynomial is:
3x 3 + 24x 2 + 48x = 3x(x + 4)(x + 4)
These are the factors of the given polynomial: 3x, x + 4, and x + 4. Therefore, the
smallest possible value of b is 4.

26 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

QUESTION 17
Choice A is correct. To find the x-intercept of the graph of y = g(x), we need to find
the point where the graph intersects the x-axis, meaning the value of y (or g(x)) is 0
at that point. Let's set g(x) = 0 and solve for x :
g(x) = 4x - 40
0 = 4x - 40
4x = 40
40
x=
4
x = 10
So, the x-intercept is (10, 0).

QUESTION 18
Choice B is correct. To convert the area from square yards to square miles, we
need to use the conversion factor: 1 mile = 1,760 yards.
Area in square yards
Area in square miles = 2
1,760 yards
� �
mile
8,000,000 square yards
Area in square miles =
(1,760)2
8,000,000
Area in square miles ≈
3,097,600
Area in square miles ≈ 2.58
Rounding off to two decimal places, the area in square miles is approximately 2.58
square miles.

QUESTION 19
Choice A is correct. Let's break down the problem step by step. One can of oil-
based paint covers 180 square feet of a surface. The rectangular deck has a total
surface area of d square feet. The goal is to find the total amount of paint (P) needed
to paint the deck three times. If we want to paint the deck three times, we need to
calculate the total paint required for one coat and then multiply it by 3. The total
amount of paint needed for one coat is given by:
d
Total paint for one coat = as one can covers 180 square feet
180
Now, to paint the deck three times, we need to multiply this value by 3:
d 3d d
Total paint for three coats = 3 ⋅ � � = =
180 180 60
So, the correct equation that represents the total amount of paint P, in cans, needed
d
to paint the deck three times is P = .
60

QUESTION 20
The correct answer is -15. To find the value of r that leads to no solution in the
given system of equations, we need to examine whether the equations represent
parallel lines with different y-intercepts. This occurs when the slopes of the lines are

27 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

equal, but the y-intercepts are not. Let's first rewrite the equations in slope-
intercept form (y = mx + b) where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
54x - 36y = 18y + 12
1
ry = - 15x
9
For the first equation:
54x - 36y = 18y + 12
54x - 54y = 12
54x 12
y=- +
-54 -54
2
y=x-
9
The slope of the first equation is 1. For the second equation:
1
ry = - 15x
9
1 15
y = � � - � �x
9r r
15
The slope of the second equation is - . Now, for the system to have no solution,
r
the slopes of the two lines should be equal. Hence, we need to equate:
15
1=-
r
Now, let's solve for r :
r = -15
Thus, the value of r that results in no solution in the system of equations is r = -15.

QUESTION 21
Choice D is correct. Solve for x :
x2 c2
= +42
�x 2 - c 2 �x 2 - c 2
x2 - c2
= 42
�x 2 - c 2
�x 2 - c 2 = 42
2
x 2 - c 2 = 42
2
x 2 = 42 + c 2
2
x = ± �42 + c 2
2
One solution to the given equation given that c is a positive constant is -�c 2 + 42 .

QUESTION 22
Choice B is correct. First, we can find f(-5) and f(1) in the given function:
f(-5)= a(-5)2 + 6(-5)+
f(-5) = a(25) - 30 + c
f(-5)= 25a - 30 + c
f(1) = a(1)2 + 6(1)+ c
f(1) = a(1) + 6 + c
f(1) = a + 6 + c
We’re told that f(-5) = f(1), so set these equal to each other and solve for a.

28 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS

 SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS ■ MATH: MODULE 2

f(-5) =
f(1)
25a - 30 + c =
a+6+c
25a - 30 a+6=
25a - a =
6 + 30
24a 36 =
36
a=
24
3
a=
2
3
Since a = , the statement a ≥ 1 is true.
2
3
Our function now looks like f(x)= x 2 + 6x + c . Now, we’re told that f vertex at
2
b
point (h, k) and k<0. Find the x-coordinate of our vertex using the formula x = - ,
2a
3
with a = and b = 6.
2
6
x=-
3
2*� �
2
6
x=-
3
1
1
x = -6 * � �
3
6
x=-
3
x = -2
So, the x-coordinate of the vertex is -2. Now that we know the x-coordinate of the
vertex is h = x = -3, we can find its corresponding y-value:
3
f(x) = x 2 + 6x + c
2
3 2
f(-2) = k = (-2) + 6(-2) + c
2
k = 6 - 12 + c
k= c-6
We were told that k < 0. Substitute k = c – 6:
k<0
c–6<0
c<6
This tells us that c < 0 is not necessarily true. The value of c must be less than 6.
Therefore, only Statement II must be true.

29 SAT PRACTICE TEST #4 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS