20 Basic Excel Formulas with Examples and Explanation
1. SUM
Example: =SUM(A1:A5)
Explanation: Adds all the numbers in cells A1 through A5.
2. AVERAGE
Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B5)
Explanation: Calculates the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in cells B1 through B5.
3. IF
Example: =IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No")
Explanation: Returns 'Yes' if A1 is greater than 10, otherwise 'No'.
4. COUNT
Example: =COUNT(A1:A10)
Explanation: Counts the number of numeric entries in the range A1 through A10.
5. COUNTA
Example: =COUNTA(A1:A10)
Explanation: Counts the number of non-empty cells in the range A1 through A10.
6. IFERROR
Example: =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")
Explanation: Returns the result of A1/B1, or 'Error' if there is a division by zero or other error.
7. VLOOKUP
Example: =VLOOKUP(101, A2:C10, 2, FALSE)
Explanation: Looks for 101 in the first column of range A2:C10 and returns the value in the second
column.
8. HLOOKUP
Example: =HLOOKUP("Q1", A1:D2, 2, FALSE)
Explanation: Searches for 'Q1' in the top row of the range and returns the value in the second row.
9. INDEX
Example: =INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 2)
Explanation: Returns the value at the intersection of the second row and second column in the
range A1:C3.
10. MATCH
Example: =MATCH(25, A1:A10, 0)
Explanation: Returns the position of the value 25 in the range A1:A10.
11. LEN
Example: =LEN(A1)
Explanation: Returns the number of characters in cell A1.
12. TRIM
Example: =TRIM(A1)
Explanation: Removes all extra spaces from text in cell A1, leaving only single spaces between
words.
13. CONCATENATE
Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
Explanation: Joins the text in cells A1 and B1 with a space in between.
14. TEXT
Example: =TEXT(A1, "dd-mm-yyyy")
Explanation: Formats the number in A1 as a date in the format dd-mm-yyyy.
15. NOW
Example: =NOW()
Explanation: Returns the current date and time.
16. TODAY
Example: =TODAY()
Explanation: Returns the current date.
17. LEFT
Example: =LEFT(A1, 4)
Explanation: Returns the first four characters from the text in cell A1.
18. RIGHT
Example: =RIGHT(A1, 3)
Explanation: Returns the last three characters from the text in cell A1.
19. MID
Example: =MID(A1, 3, 2)
Explanation: Returns two characters from the text in cell A1, starting at the third character.
20. ROUND
Example: =ROUND(A1, 2)
Explanation: Rounds the number in A1 to two decimal places.