Government Budget 2025 – Project File
Index
1. 1. Introduction to Budget
2. 2. Importance of a Government Budget
3. 3. Key Objectives of Budget 2025
4. 4. Types of Budget
5. 5. Budget Preparation Process
6. 6. Highlights of Union Budget 2025
7. 7. Revenue and Expenditure Estimates
8. 8. Sector-wise Allocation (Education, Health, Defence, etc.)
9. 9. Major Announcements in Budget 2025
10. 10. New Schemes and Initiatives
11. 11. Taxation Policies
12. 12. Fiscal Deficit and Borrowing
13. 13. Impact on Common People
14. 14. Expert Opinions & Economic Outlook
15. 15. Conclusion
16. 16. Bibliography
Introduction to Budget
A government budget is an annual financial statement showing expected revenue and
expenditure for a financial year. It reflects the government's vision, development plans, and
policy priorities.
Importance of a Government Budget
• Efficient resource allocation
• Reduces economic inequalities
• Ensures economic stability
• Encourages social welfare
• Guides fiscal policy
Key Objectives of Budget 2025
• Strengthen infrastructure and digital economy
• Promote green growth and sustainability
• Empower youth with skill-based programs
• Control fiscal deficit
• Boost manufacturing and exports
Types of Budget
• Balanced Budget
• Surplus Budget
• Deficit Budget
• Capital Budget
• Revenue Budget
Budget Preparation Process
• Inputs from ministries
• Review by Finance Ministry
• Approval by Cabinet
• Presentation by Finance Minister in Parliament
• Discussion and enactment
Highlights of Union Budget 2025
• Total expenditure: ₹46 lakh crore
• Target fiscal deficit: 5.1% of GDP
• Capital expenditure increased by 12%
• No change in personal income tax slabs
• Focus on renewable energy & EV sector
Revenue and Expenditure Estimates
• Revenue Receipts: ₹28 lakh crore
• Tax Revenue: ₹23 lakh crore
• Expenditure: ₹46 lakh crore
• Defence Spending: ₹6.2 lakh crore
• Education & Health: ₹2.5 lakh crore
Sector-wise Allocation
• Education: ₹1.12 lakh crore
• Health: ₹95,000 crore
• Defence: ₹6.2 lakh crore
• Infrastructure: ₹11.5 lakh crore
• Agriculture: ₹1.4 lakh crore
Major Announcements in Budget 2025
• PM Green Growth Mission
• National AI Centre of Excellence
• Digital India 2.0 initiative
• Railways modernization with ₹2.4 lakh crore allocation
New Schemes and Initiatives
• ₹50,000 crore Startup India Fund
• Urban Affordable Housing Scheme
• Udyog Mitra Portal for MSMEs
• National Skill Development Program 2.0
Taxation Policies
• No increase in tax rates
• Focus on simplification and compliance
• Introduction of e-assessment for businesses
• Tax benefits for EV buyers and solar users
Fiscal Deficit and Borrowing
• Fiscal deficit target: 5.1% of GDP
• Government to borrow ₹14 lakh crore
• Focus on long-term borrowing through G-Secs
Impact on Common People
• No tax burden increase
• More job opportunities through MSME support
• Affordable housing and healthcare
• Growth in infrastructure improves quality of life
Expert Opinions & Economic Outlook
Economists appreciate focus on capital expenditure and green energy. Concerns exist over
rising fiscal deficit. India is projected to grow at 6.8% in FY2025-26.
Conclusion
The Union Budget 2025 is a forward-looking document aiming for inclusive growth, digital
progress, and economic stability. If implemented effectively, it can transform India’s future.
Bibliography
• Union Budget Documents – Ministry of Finance
• Press Information Bureau Reports
• Economic Times, Financial Express
• Budget Speech 2025 – Nirmala Sitharaman
• RBI Annual Reports
