Moderated Caucus Topic Paragraphs

1. Facilitating Humanitarian Aid and Access to Basic Needs for Civilians

"The Republic of Ireland strongly advocates for the unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to
civilians affected by the ongoing conflict. The blockade and military operations have severely
restricted access to essential supplies, leaving many Palestinians without adequate food, water,
and medical care. It is imperative that all parties involved ensure safe and secure access for
humanitarian organizations to deliver vital aid. Ireland calls for the establishment of
humanitarian corridors, negotiated ceasefires for aid delivery, and international oversight to
guarantee the protection of aid workers and civilians. Only through collective action and
adherence to international humanitarian law can we alleviate the suffering of those most
vulnerable."

2. Post-Conflict Measures to Rebuild and Reconstruct Essential Infrastructure

"In the aftermath of conflict, rebuilding and reconstructing essential infrastructure is crucial to
restoring normalcy and upholding human rights. The Republic of Ireland emphasizes the need
for comprehensive post-conflict measures that address healthcare, education, water supply, and
housing. International cooperation and investment are vital to support these reconstruction
efforts. Moreover, involving local communities in the rebuilding process ensures that the
infrastructure meets their needs and is sustainable. Ireland calls for a coordinated international
effort, led by the United Nations, to provide technical and financial assistance to reconstruct
war-torn regions, thereby laying the foundation for long-term peace and stability."

3. Access Routes for Humanitarian Aid Transport

"Ensuring safe and reliable access routes for humanitarian aid transport is essential in conflict
zones. The Republic of Ireland proposes the creation of designated humanitarian corridors,
protected and monitored by international peacekeeping forces, to facilitate the delivery of aid.
These routes should be free from military activity and accessible to all humanitarian
organizations. Additionally, exploring alternative methods, such as air and sea routes, can help
bypass heavily contested areas and ensure aid reaches those in need. Ireland urges the
international community to prioritize the establishment and protection of these access routes to
ensure continuous and effective humanitarian assistance."

4. Upholding Geneva Conventions' Articles and Protocols

"The Republic of Ireland calls for the strict adherence to all articles and protocols of the Geneva
Conventions applicable to the conflict. These conventions are the cornerstone of international
humanitarian law, designed to protect civilians and ensure humane treatment of all individuals in
conflict zones. Violations of these laws, such as targeting civilians and obstructing humanitarian
aid, must be condemned and addressed. Ireland supports the establishment of independent
monitoring bodies to oversee compliance and the pursuit of accountability for any breaches.
Upholding these principles is essential to maintaining international order and protecting human
rights."

5. Implementation Proposals for a Ceasefire Agreement Between All Parties

"Achieving a lasting ceasefire agreement is crucial for ending the cycle of violence and
beginning the path to peace. The Republic of Ireland advocates for an inclusive ceasefire
agreement that involves all relevant parties and addresses the root causes of the conflict. This
agreement should include provisions for immediate cessation of hostilities, withdrawal of military
forces, and protection of civilians. International mediators and peacekeeping forces can play a
pivotal role in monitoring and enforcing the ceasefire. Ireland also emphasizes the importance of
confidence-building measures, such as prisoner exchanges and economic cooperation, to foster
trust and pave the way for sustained peace negotiations."

P5 Nations' Stances on the Humanitarian Crises Arising from the Military

United States

●​ Support for Israel: Historically, the U.S. has strongly supported Israel, emphasizing its
right to self-defense.
●​ Humanitarian Aid: While advocating for humanitarian aid to Palestinians, the U.S. often
calls for measures to prevent aid from benefiting militant groups like Hamas.
●​ Peace Process: The U.S. supports a two-state solution and has been involved in peace
negotiations, though its strong backing of Israel can be seen as partial.

United Kingdom

●​ Balanced Approach: The UK emphasizes Israel's right to security while also expressing
concern over Palestinian suffering and advocating for humanitarian access.
●​ Support for Two-State Solution: The UK supports a negotiated two-state solution and
often calls for both sides to return to peace talks.
●​ Condemnation of Violence: The UK condemns violence from both sides and stresses
the need for proportionality and protection of civilians.

France

●​ Advocate for Human Rights: France strongly advocates for the protection of human
rights and condemns actions leading to civilian casualties.
●​ Two-State Solution: Firm supporter of a two-state solution, urging both parties to
resume negotiations.
●​ Humanitarian Efforts: France actively supports humanitarian efforts in Gaza and the
West Bank and calls for unrestricted aid access.
Russia

●​ Call for Dialogue: Russia promotes direct dialogue between Israel and Palestine
without preconditions.
●​ Opposition to Unilateral Actions: Criticizes unilateral actions, such as settlement
expansion by Israel, which it views as obstacles to peace.
●​ Humanitarian Concerns: Emphasizes the need for humanitarian assistance and
protection of civilians, often criticizing military operations leading to high civilian
casualties.

China

●​ Support for Palestinian Rights: China expresses strong support for Palestinian
statehood and rights.
●​ Two-State Solution: Advocates for a two-state solution and calls for international efforts
to facilitate peace talks.
●​ Humanitarian Assistance: Calls for increased humanitarian aid and emphasizes the
protection of civilians, often condemning Israeli military actions.

Questions to Ask P5 Nations During MUN

United States

1.​ Bias Towards Israel: How does the U.S. reconcile its unwavering support for Israel with
the numerous reports of human rights violations against Palestinians?
2.​ Impact on Peace Process: How does the U.S. justify its role as a peace broker in the
region given its perceived bias towards one side?
3.​ Aid Distribution: What measures are in place to ensure that U.S. humanitarian aid
reaches civilians in Gaza without inadvertently supporting militant groups, and how
effective are these measures?

United Kingdom

1.​ Inconsistent Policy: How does the UK justify its continued arms sales to Israel while
condemning the violence and calling for the protection of civilians?
2.​ Effectiveness of Diplomacy: What tangible steps has the UK taken to bring about a
two-state solution, and why have these efforts failed to yield significant progress?
3.​ Humanitarian Access: What specific actions has the UK taken to ensure humanitarian
access to Gaza, and how does it address the obstacles faced by aid organizations?

France

1.​ Concrete Actions: Beyond vocal support, what concrete measures has France
implemented to hold Israel accountable for alleged human rights abuses?
2.​ Military Cooperation: How does France justify its military cooperation with Israel in light
of ongoing violations of international humanitarian law?
 3.​ European Union's Role: How does France plan to leverage its position within the EU to
create a unified and effective approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Russia

1.​ Neutrality in Conflict: How can Russia claim to promote direct dialogue and neutrality
when it has historically taken positions that undermine trust from one or both parties?
2.​ Use of Veto Power: How does Russia justify its use of veto power in the UN Security
Council to block resolutions aimed at condemning Israeli actions?
3.​ Consistency in Foreign Policy: How does Russia's stance on the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict align with its actions in other international conflicts, such as in Syria or Ukraine?

China

1.​ Human Rights Hypocrisy: How does China address accusations of hypocrisy given its
own human rights record, particularly with regards to the Uighurs, while condemning
Israel's actions?
2.​ Limited Influence: Despite vocal support for Palestinian statehood, what concrete
actions has China taken to advance peace and protect Palestinian rights on the ground?
3.​ Strategic Interests: To what extent is China's stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
driven by strategic interests rather than genuine concern for humanitarian issues?

Strategy

●​ Specificity: Ask questions that require specific answers rather than general statements.
●​ Evidence-Based: Reference specific incidents, reports, or statistics to support your
questions.
●​ Consistency: Highlight any inconsistencies between the nation's stated policies and
their actions.
●​ Accountability: Focus on actions and outcomes rather than intentions.

Questions to Ask P5 Nations During MUN

United States

1.​ Bias Towards Israel: How does the U.S. reconcile its unwavering support for Israel with
the numerous reports of human rights violations against Palestinians?
2.​ Impact on Peace Process: How does the U.S. justify its role as a peace broker in the
region given its perceived bias towards one side?
3.​ Aid Distribution: What measures are in place to ensure that U.S. humanitarian aid
reaches civilians in Gaza without inadvertently supporting militant groups, and how
effective are these measures?

United Kingdom
 1.​ Inconsistent Policy: How does the UK justify its continued arms sales to Israel while
condemning the violence and calling for the protection of civilians?
2.​ Effectiveness of Diplomacy: What tangible steps has the UK taken to bring about a
two-state solution, and why have these efforts failed to yield significant progress?
3.​ Humanitarian Access: What specific actions has the UK taken to ensure humanitarian
access to Gaza, and how does it address the obstacles faced by aid organizations?

France

1.​ Concrete Actions: Beyond vocal support, what concrete measures has France
implemented to hold Israel accountable for alleged human rights abuses?
2.​ Military Cooperation: How does France justify its military cooperation with Israel in light
of ongoing violations of international humanitarian law?
3.​ European Union's Role: How does France plan to leverage its position within the EU to
create a unified and effective approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?

Russia

1.​ Neutrality in Conflict: How can Russia claim to promote direct dialogue and neutrality
when it has historically taken positions that undermine trust from one or both parties?
2.​ Use of Veto Power: How does Russia justify its use of veto power in the UN Security
Council to block resolutions aimed at condemning Israeli actions?
3.​ Consistency in Foreign Policy: How does Russia's stance on the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict align with its actions in other international conflicts, such as in Syria or Ukraine?

China

1.​ Human Rights Hypocrisy: How does China address accusations of hypocrisy given its
own human rights record, particularly with regards to the Uighurs, while condemning
Israel's actions?
2.​ Limited Influence: Despite vocal support for Palestinian statehood, what concrete
actions has China taken to advance peace and protect Palestinian rights on the ground?
3.​ Strategic Interests: To what extent is China's stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
driven by strategic interests rather than genuine concern for humanitarian issues?

Strategy

●​ Specificity: Ask questions that require specific answers rather than general statements.
●​ Evidence-Based: Reference specific incidents, reports, or statistics to support your
questions.
●​ Consistency: Highlight any inconsistencies between the nation's stated policies and
their actions.
●​ Accountability: Focus on actions and outcomes rather than intentions.
The Oslo Accords, signed in the 1990s, were meant to pave the way for peace between Israelis
and Palestinians by establishing a framework for future negotiations and cooperation. However,
they ultimately failed due to several key reasons:

1.​ Lack of Trust: Deep-seated mistrust between Israelis and Palestinians undermined
cooperation and implementation of the agreements.
2.​ Violence and Extremism: Continuous violence and terrorist attacks from both sides,
including Palestinian suicide bombings and Israeli military actions, eroded support for the
peace process.
3.​ Unresolved Issues: Core issues such as the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,
Palestinian refugees, and final borders were left unresolved, leading to continued
disputes.
4.​ Political Changes: Shifts in political leadership on both sides led to changes in policy
and commitment to the peace process. For example, the assassination of Israeli Prime
Minister Yitzhak Rabin in 1995 by an extremist opposed to the accords was a significant
setback.
5.​ Settlements Expansion: Continued expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank
during the negotiation period created tension and skepticism among Palestinians
regarding Israel's commitment to peace.
6.​ Weaknesses in Agreements: The accords themselves had ambiguities and lacked
clear enforcement mechanisms, making it difficult to ensure compliance and resolve
disputes.

SPEECH
Honourable Chair, respected delegates,

As Delegate of the Republic of Ireland, I am honoured to speak out on the humanitarian crisis
caused by the Israel-Palestine conflict. Ireland strongly condemns the violence against civilians
and also appeals to all sides to respect international humanitarian laws. Ireland also supports a
two-state solution, with East Jerusalem as the capital of a sovereign Palestinian state.

Furthermore, it has always supported UN resolutions calling for an immediate ceasefire, lifting of
blockades and protection of human rights in Occupied Palestinian Territories. It has given both
financial and moral aid to the affected people with itself advocating for peace for this conflict.

Ireland emphasises the critical necessity for unrestricted humanitarian access. The siege of
Gaza and movement restrictions in the West Bank deny Palestinians basic essentials. We
encourage all parties to create secure pathways for humanitarian aid and to allow international
organisations to function freely.

Post-conflict rehabilitation is critical to restoring infrastructure and protecting human rights in

Thank you.