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Investigative File On Capacitor

The document provides a comprehensive overview of capacitors, detailing their definition, types, construction, and working principles. It highlights their essential role in modern electronics, including applications in energy storage and signal processing, as well as recent advancements in capacitor technology. The conclusion emphasizes the critical importance of capacitors in both basic and advanced electronic systems.

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29 views12 pages

Investigative File On Capacitor

The document provides a comprehensive overview of capacitors, detailing their definition, types, construction, and working principles. It highlights their essential role in modern electronics, including applications in energy storage and signal processing, as well as recent advancements in capacitor technology. The conclusion emphasizes the critical importance of capacitors in both basic and advanced electronic systems.

Uploaded by

loveloveupadhyay9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Investigative File on Capacitor

Page 1: Index
Page No. Content

2 Introduction

3 Definition and Basic Principles

4 Types of Capacitors

5 Construction of a Capacitor

6 Working Principle

7 Capacitance and its Formula

8 Uses and Applications

9 Capacitors in Circuits

10 Energy Stored in a Capacitor

11 Recent Advancements

12 Conclusion and References


Page 2: Introduction
A capacitor is a passive electrical component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
It plays a key role in modern electronic circuits, enabling energy storage, filtering, and
signal processing. Capacitors are widely used in devices such as smartphones, computers,
electric vehicles, and even power grids.
Page 3: Definition and Basic Principles
A capacitor is defined as a two-terminal device that stores energy in the form of an electric
field. When a potential difference is applied across its terminals, charge accumulates on its
plates. The basic formula for capacitance is: C = Q / V.
Page 4: Types of Capacitors
Ceramic Capacitor – small, non-polarized.
Electrolytic Capacitor – large capacitance, polarized.
Tantalum Capacitor – stable and reliable.
Film Capacitor – good stability, used in high-frequency circuits.
Supercapacitor – very high capacitance, used in energy storage.
Page 5: Construction of a Capacitor
A typical capacitor consists of two conducting plates (usually metal), and a dielectric
material (non-conductive), like air, glass, mica, or plastic, placed between the plates.
Page 6: Working Principle
When voltage is applied, positive charge accumulates on one plate and an equal negative
charge on the other, creating an electric field. The dielectric resists the flow of current,
allowing energy storage.
Page 7: Capacitance and its Formula
Capacitance is the ability of a system to store charge. It depends on: Area (A) of the plates,
Distance (d) between the plates, Dielectric constant (ε) of the material. Formula: C = ε × A /
d.
Page 8: Uses and Applications
Capacitors are used in: Power supply filters, Timing circuits, Energy storage, Tuning radios,
Camera flashes, Signal coupling/decoupling.
Page 9: Capacitors in Circuits
In Series: 1/C_total = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ...
In Parallel: C_total = C₁ + C₂ + ...
Page 10: Energy Stored in a Capacitor
The energy (E) stored in a capacitor is given by: E = ½ × C × V².
Page 11: Recent Advancements
Modern capacitors are becoming smaller yet more powerful. Developments include:
Graphene-based supercapacitors, Flexible thin-film capacitors, Environmentally friendly
materials.
Page 12: Conclusion and References
Conclusion: Capacitors are fundamental to modern electronics. From basic circuits to
advanced energy systems, their role in storage, timing, and filtering is critical.
References:
- NCERT Physics Class 12
- Concepts of Physics – H.C. Verma
- [Link]
- IEEE Journals

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