الجامعة المستنصرية
كلية التربية
قسم الفيزياء
المرحلة :األولى
الدراسة الصباحية
المادة :الرياضيات
DOUBLE INTEGRALS AND VOLUMES
Definition of Double Integral
If f is defined on a closed, bounded region R, in the xy-plane,
then the Double Integral of f over R is given
lim σnk=1 f(xk , yk )∆Ak = R f x, y dA
∥P∥→0
Provided the limit exists. If the limit exists, then integrable over
R.
Note that the above definition is considering the rectangle
region. It should be pointed out that
1. the region R can be other nonrectangular regions.
2. the two-dimensional ∆A partition can any other small pieces
of areas such as triangles.
3. the limit is taken as the largest partition area approaches
zero.
Properties of Double Integrals
Like single integrals, double integrals of continuous functions
have algebraic properties that are useful in computations and
applications.
1. Constant multiple:
R cf x, y dA = c R f x, y dA
2. Sum and Difference:
R f(x, y) ± g(x, y) dA = R f x, y dA ± R g x, y dA
3. Domination:
a) R f x, y dA ≥ 0 if f(x, y) ≥ 0
b) R f x, y dA ≥ R g x, y dA if f(x, y) ≥ g(x, y)
4. Additivity: If R is the union of two nonoverlapping
rectangles ( )مستطيالت غير متجاورةR1 and R2.
R f x, y dA = R f x, y dA + R f x, y dA
1 2
EXAMPLES
sinx
1. Calculate R x dA,
where R is the triangle in the xy-plane bounded by the x-axis,
the line y = x, and the line x = 1.
Solution
The region of integration is shown in figure. If we integrate first
with respect to y and then with respect to x, we find
sinx 1 x sinx 1 sinx x 1 sinx
R x dA = 0 0 dydx = 0 yȁ0 dx = 0 xdx
x x x
1
= 0 sinxdx = −cosxȁ10 = −cos1 − −cos0
= −cos1 + 1 = 1 − cos1 ≈ 0.46
π x
2. Calculate the value of the double integral 0 0 xsinydydx .
Solution
π x π
0 0 xsinydydx = 0 −xcosyȁx0 dx
π
= 0 −xcosx + xcos0 dx
π
= 0 −xcosx + x dx
π
x2 π2
= (xsinx − cosx + )ቚ =2+
2 0 2
π sinx
3. Calculate the value of the double integral 0 0 ydydx .
Solution
sinx
π sinx π y2 π sin2 x
0 0 ydydx = 0 2 ቚ dx = 0 2 dx
0
1 π
= 1 − cos2x dx
4 0
1 1 π
= x− sin2xȁπ0 =
4 2 4
2 3
4. Evaluate y=1 x=0(1 + 8xy)dxdy .
Solution: In this example the “inner integral” is
3
x=0 1 + 8xy dxdy with y treated as a constant.
2 3
integral= y=1 x=0 1 + 8xy dx dy
3
2 8x2 y
= y=1 x+ dy
2 x=0
2
2 36y2
= y=1 3 + 36y dy = 3y +
2 y=1
= 6 + 72 − 3 + 18 = 57
π/2 1
5. Evaluate 0 0 ysinxdydx.
Solution
1
π/2 1 π/2 y2
integral = 0 0 ysinxdy dx = 0 sinx dy
2 y=0
π/2 1 1 π/2 1
= 0 2 sinxdx = − cosx =
2 x=0 2
2 x 2
6. Evaluate 0 x2 y xdydx
Solution
x
2 x 2 2 y3 x
integral = 0 x2 y xdydx = 0 3 dx
y=x2
2 x4 x7
= 0 3 − dx
3
2
x5 x8 32 256 128
= − = − = −
15 24 0 15 24 15
π x2 1 y
7. Evaluate π/2 0 x cos x dydx
Solution
Recall from elementary calculus the integral
1
cosmydy = m sinmy for m independent of y. Using this
result
y x2
π 1 sin
x
integral = π/2 x 1/x dx
y=0
π
= π/2 sinxdx
π
= −cosx x=π/2 =1
4 y x/ y
8. Evaluate 1 0 e dxdy
Solution
x= y
4 ex/ y 4
integral = 1 1/ y dx = 1 ye − y dy
x=0
4
4 1/2 y3/2
= (e − 1) 1 y dy = (e − 1)
3/2 y=1
2 14
= e−1 8−1 = (e − 1)
3 3
2 y2
9. Calculate the value of the double integral 1 y dxdy .
Solution
2 y2 2 y2 2
1 y dxdy = 1 xȁy dy = 1 y 2 − y dy
2
y3 y2 5
= − ቚ =
3 2 1 6
Double Integrals as Volumes
When f(x, y) is a positive function over a rectangular
region R in the xy-plane, we may interpret the double
integral of f over R as the volume of the 3-dimensional
solid region over the xy-plane bounded below by R and
above by the surface z = f(x, y) (Figure below). Each
term f(xk , yk )∆Ak in the sum Sn = σ f(xk , yk )∆Ak is the
volume of a vertical rectangular box that approximates
the volume of the portion of the solid that stands directly
above the base ∆Ak . The sum Sn thus approximates what
we want to call the total volume of the solid. We define
this volume to be
Volume = lim Sn = R f x, y dA
n→∞
EXAMPLES
1. Find the volume of the solid bounded above by the
plane z = 4 − x − y and below by the rectangle
R = {(x, y): 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2}.
Solution
The volume under any surface z = f(x, y) and above a region
R is given by
V = R f x, y dxdy
In our case
2 1 2 1
V= 0 0 4 − x − y dxdy = 0 0 4 − x − y dx dy
1
2 x2 2 1
V= 0 4x − − yx dy = 0 4 − − y dy
2 x=0 2
2
7y y2
V= − = 7−2 − 0 =5
2 2 y=0
2. Find the volume of the region bounded above by the
elliptical paraboloid z = 10 + x2 + 3y2 and below by the
rectangle R: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.
Solution The surface and volume are shown in figure. The
volume is given by the double integral
1 2
V=ඵ 10 + x2 + 3y2 dA = න න 10 + x2 + 3y2 dydx
R 0 0
1 2 1
= 0 10y + x2y + y3 1 dx = 0 20 + 2x 2 + 8 dx
2 3 1 86
= 20x + x + 8x =
3 0 3
