XII- Important Physics

problems

Charles Augustin de Coulomb

Prepared by
S.JAYACHANDRAN
P.G.Teacher.,
JGGHSS, Madhavaram,
Chennai Dt
9840430109
JAYA PHYSICS
 1 Electrostatics At a distance of 3 m from the charge +q, electric
1.1 Calculate the number of electrons in one coulomb potential is zero
of negative charge. 1.4 A water molecule has an electric dipole moment of
Given: Q=1C e=1.6 x 10−19 𝐶 6.3 × 10–30 Cm. A sample contains 1022 water
Solution: molecules, with all the dipole moments aligned parallel
to the external electric field of magnitude 3 × 105 NC–1
How much work is required to rotate all the water
molecules from θ = 0o to 90o?
Given: E = 3 x 105 NC−1 , p = 6.3 x 10−30 𝐶𝑚
Solution:

1.2 A sample of HCl gas is placed in a uniform electric

field of magnitude 3 × 104 N C–1. The dipole moment
of each HCl molecule is 3.4 × 10–30 Cm. Calculate the
maximum torque experienced by each HCl molecule.
Given: 𝐄 = 𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝐍𝐂 −𝟏 , 𝐩 = 𝟑. 𝟒 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟎 𝑪𝒎
Solution:

1.5 Calculate the electric flux through the rectangle of

sides 5 cm and 10 cm kept in the region of a uniform
electric field 100 NC–1. The angle θ is 60o. If θ becomes
1.3Consider a point charge +q placed at the origin and zero, what is the electric flux?
another point charge -2q placed at a distance of 9 m Given: E = 100 NC , l= 10 cm = 10 x 10 𝑚
−1 −2

from the charge +q. Determine the point between the b = 5 cm = 5 x 10−2 𝑚
two charges at which electric potential is zero. Solution:
Given:

Solution:
Let P be a point at a distance x from the charge +q. At
P, the sum of the potentials due to each charge is zero.

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 1
1.6 A parallel plate capacitor has square plates of side (b) when dielectric and battery are disconnected, the
5 cm and separated by a distance of 1 mm. (a) Calculate total charge will not change.
the capacitance of this capacitor. (b) If a 10 V battery is the potential increases by 𝛆𝒓 times. Capacitance
connected to the capacitor, what is the charge stored in decreases 𝛆𝒓 times and equals to original capacitance
any one of the plates? 𝑪𝟎 before introducing dielectric. Stored energy U
Given: 𝐚 = 5 x 10−2 𝑚 𝐴 = 𝑎2 = [ 5 x 10−2 ]2 increases by 𝛆𝒓 times and equals to original energy 𝑼𝟎
𝑑 = 1𝑚𝑚 = 1 x 10−3 𝑚 before introducing dielectric
Solution:

1.8 Dielectric strength of air is 3 × 106 V m–1. Suppose

the radius of a hollow sphere in the Van de Graff
generator is R = 0.5 m, calculate the maximum potential
difference created by this Van de Graaff generator.
Given: 𝐄 = 𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐕𝐦−𝟏 , 𝐑 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎
Solution:
potential on the surface of the hollow metallic sphere
1.7 A parallel plate capacitor filled with mica having
is
εr = 5 is connected to a 10 V battery. The area of each
parallel plate is 6 cm2 and separation distance is 6 mm.
(a) Find the capacitance and stored charge.
(b) After the capacitor is fully charged, the battery is
disconnected and the dielectric is removed carefully. 1.9 When two objects are rubbed with each other,
Calculate the new values of capacitance, stored energy approximately a charge of 50 nC can be produced in
and charge. each object. Calculate the number of electrons that must
2 be transferred to produce this charge.
Given: 𝜺𝒓 = 𝟓 A = 6 c 𝑚2 𝐴 = 6 x [ 10−2 ] −𝟗 −𝟏𝟗
Given: Q=50 nC= 𝟓𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝑪 e=𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝑪
−𝟒 𝟐 −𝟑
𝑨 = 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 𝒅 = 𝟔𝒎𝒎 = 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝒎
Solution:

1.10A spark plug consists of two electrodes separated

by a gap of around 0.6 mm gap To create the spark, an
electric field of magnitude 3 × 106 Vm–1 is required. (a)
What potential difference must be applied to produce
the spark? (b) If the gap is increased, does the potential
difference increase, decrease or remains the same? (c)
find the potential difference if the gap is 1 mm.
Given:𝐄 = 𝟑 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐕𝐦−𝟏 𝐝 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝐦𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎
Solution:

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 2
1.10 Calculate the electrostatic force and
gravitational force between the proton and the
electron in a hydrogen atom. They are separated by
a distance of 5.3 × 10–11 m. The magnitude of
charges on the electron and proton are 1.6 × 10–19
C. Mass of the electron is me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg and
mass of proton is mp = 1.6 × 10–27 kg.
Solution:
Electrostatic force between the proton and the
electron

Gravitational force between the proton and the

electron

1.12 Calculate the electric field at points P, Q as shown

in the figure

1.11Calculate the electric field at points P, Q as shown

in the figure.
XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 3
1.13 Consider the charge configuration as shown in the 1.14 a)Calculate the electric potential at points P and
figure. Calculate the electric field at point A. If an Q as shown in the figure below.
electron is placed at points A, what is the acceleration b)Calculate the work done to bring a test charge +2 μC
experienced by this electron? (mass of the electron = from infinity to the point Q. Assume the charge +9 μC
9.1 × 10–31 kg and charge of electron = −1.6 × 10–19 C) is held fixed at origin and +2 μC is brought from
infinity to P.

a)

b) work done to bring a test charge +2 μC from infinity

to the point Q.

(c) Suppose the charge +9 μC is replaced by –9 μC find

the electrostatic potentials at points P and Q

acceleration experienced by electron is

The electron is accelerated in a direction exactly

⃗⃗⃗⃗A
opposite to E

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 4
1.15 Two conducting spheres of radius r1 = 8 cm and r2 1.16 A point charge of +10 μC is placed at a distance of
= 2 cm are separated by a distance much larger than 8 20 cm from another identical point charge of +10 μC.
cm and are connected by a thin conducting wire as A point charge of -2 μC is moved from point a to b as
shown in the figure. A total charge of Q = +100 nC is shown in the figure. Calculate the change in potential
placed on one of the spheres. After a fraction of a energy of the system? Interpret your result.
second, the charge Q is redistributed and both the
spheres attain electrostatic equilibrium.
(a) Calculate the charge and surface charge density on
each sphere.
(b) Calculate the potential at the surface of each sphere.
Since two conducting spheres are connected by
a thin conducting wire, their potentials are equal
Initially when -2 μC is at point A

Finally when -2 μC is at point B

positive sign implies that to move the charge –2μC

external work is required.

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 5
1.17 Find the equivalent capacitance between P and Q 1.18 A closed triangular box is kept in an electric field
for the configuration shown below in the figure (a). of magnitude E = 2 × 103 N C-1 as shown in the figure.
Calculate the electric flux through the (a) vertical
rectangular surface (b) slanted surface and (c) entire
surface.

Solution:

Solution:
(a)

b.

C)

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 6
1.19 Suppose a charge +q on Earth’s surface and
another +q charge is placed on the surface of the
Moon. (a) Calculate the value of q required to
balance the gravitational attraction between Earth
and Moon (b) Suppose the distance between the
Moon and Earth is halved, would the charge q
change?
(Take m = 5.9 × 1024 kg, m = 7.9 × 1022 kg)
E M

1.21For the given capacitor configuration (a) Find the

charges on each capacitor (b) potential difference
across them (c) energy stored in each capacitor

Solution:
b) If the distance between the Moon and Earth is 6μF and 2 μF are in parallel,their effective capacitance is
halved, then both gravitational and electrostatic
repulsion will increase equally. So Charge placed
on them will not change.
1.20 Capacitors P and Q have identical cross sectional
areas A and separation d. The space between the
capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric Three equal 8μF capacitors are in series, their effective
constant er as shown in the figure. Calculate the capacitance is
capacitance of capacitors P and Q.

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 7
Charge stored in effective capacitance 1.22During a thunder storm, the movement of water
molecules within the clouds creates friction, partially
causing the bottom part of the clouds to become
negatively charged. This implies that the bottom of the
In series connection charge stored in a , 𝐂𝐏 , 𝐝 will be
cloud and the ground act as a parallel plate capacitor. If
same
the electric field between the cloud and ground exceeds
the dielectric breakdown of the air (3 × 106 Vm–1 ),
lightning will occur.
(a) If the bottom part of the cloud is 1000 m above the
ground, determine the electric potential difference that
exists between the cloud and ground.
(b) In a typical lightning phenomenon, around 25 C of
Voltage across 𝐂𝐏 electrons are transferred from cloud to ground. How
much electrostatic potential energy is transferred to the
6μF and 2 μF are in parallel, voltage developed across ground?
them is same

Charge stored in capacitor b and c is

Energy stored in each capacitor is

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 8
 2 Current electricity Solution:
2.1 Compute the current in the wire if a charge of 120
C is flowing through a copper wire in 1 minute.
Given: Q=120C t=1 minute = 60 second
Solution:

2.5 The resistance of a wire is 20 Ω. What will be new

resistance, if it is stretched uniformly 8 times its
–1
2.2If an electric field of magnitude 570 N C , is applied original length?
in the copper wire, find the acceleration experienced by Given: R1 = 20 Ω, R2= ?
the electron.
Given: E=570 N C–1
mass of electron 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟏 𝐤𝐠 .
charge of electron= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂
Solution:

Solution:

2.3 A copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.5 mm2

carries a current of 0.2 A. If the free electron density of
copper is 8.4 × 1028 m–3 then compute the drift velocity
of free electrons.
Given: I=0.2 A, n=8.4 × 1028 m–3,
A=0.5 mm2=0.5 x (10−3 )2 𝑚2 = 0.5 x 10−6 m2
𝑨 = 𝟓 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝐦𝟐
charge of electron= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂
Solution:

2.4 Determine the number of electrons flowing per

second through a conductor, when a current of 32 A stretching the length of the wire n times has
flows through it. increased its resistance 𝐧𝟐 times
Given: I=32 A, t = 1s
charge of electron= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 9
2.6 If the resistance of coil is 3 Ω at 200 C and α = 2.9 Two resistors when connected in series and parallel,
0.004/0C then determine its resistance at 100 0C. their equivalent resistances are 15 Ω and 56 15 Ω
Given: R20 = 3 Ω, T = 1000C, T0 = 200C respectively. Find the values of the resistances.
0
𝛼 = 0.004 per C Solution :
Solution: Let the two resistances are R1 and R2

As temperature increases, resistance of wire also

increases
2.7 The resistance of a nichrome wire at 200C is 10 Ω.
If its temperature coefficient of resistivity of nichrome
is 0.004/0C, find the resistance of the wire at boiling
point of water. Comment on the result.
Given: R20 = 10 Ω, T = 1000C, T0 = 200C
𝛼 = 0.004 per 0 C 𝐈𝐟 𝐑 𝟏 = 𝟕𝛀 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐑 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟕 = 𝟖𝛀
Solution: 𝐈𝐟 𝐑 𝟏 = 𝟖 𝛀 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐑 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟖 = 𝟕𝛀
2.10 Two electric bulbs marked 20 W – 220 V and 100
W – 220 V are connected in series to 440 V supply.
Which bulb will get fused?

As temperature increases, resistance of wire also

increases Solution :
2.8 Resistance of a material at 20 C and 40 C are 45 Ω
0 0

and 85 Ω respectively. Find its temperature coefficient

of resistivity.
Given: T0 = 20 0C, T = 40 0C, R20= 45 Ω , R = 85 Ω
Solution

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 10
When bulbs are connected in series, across 440V, 2.12 A battery has an emf of 12 V and connected to a
same current flows in each bulb. resistor of 3 Ω. The current in the circuit is 3.93 A.
Calculate (a) terminal voltage and the internal
resistance of the battery (b) power delivered by the
battery and power delivered to the resistor

Solution :

2.11 A cell supplies a current of 0.9 A through a 2 Ω

resistor and a current of 0.3 A through a 7 Ω resistor.
Calculate the internal resistance of the cell.

The remaining power P = (47.1 – 46.3) = 0.8 W is

delivered to the internal resistance and cannot be used
Solution :
to do useful work
2.13 Calculate the equivalent resistance for the circuit
which is connected to 24 V battery and also find the
potential difference across each resistors in the circuit.

Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 11
2.14 Calculate the equivalent resistance in the 2.16 In a Wheatstone’s bridge P = 100 Ω, Q = 1000 Ω
following circuit and also find the values of current I, I1 and R = 40 Ω. If the galvanometer shows zero
and I2 in the given circuit. deflection, determine the value of S.

Solution :
2.17 What is the value of x when the Wheatstone’s
network is balanced?
P = 500 Ω, Q = 800 Ω, R = x + 400, S = 1000 Ω

2.15 Calculate the equivalent resistance between A

and B in the given circuit.

2.18 For the given circuit find the value of I.

Solution
Applying Kirchhoff ’s rule to the point P in the circuit,
The arrows pointing towards P are positive and away
from P are negative.

0.2A – 0.4A + 0.6A – 0.5A + 0.7A – I = 0

1.5A – 0.9A – I = 0

0.6A – I = 0

I = 0.6A

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 12
3 Magnetism and magnetic effects of electric current 3.4 Compute the intensity of magnetisation of the bar
3.1 The horizontal component and vertical component magnet whose mass, magnetic moment and density are
2 –3
of Earth’s magnetic field at a place are 0.15 G and 0.26 200 g, 2 A m and 8 g cm , respectively.
magnetic moment pm = 2 A m2
G respectively. Calculate the angle of dip and resultant
Given Mass m=200g=200 x 10-3kg
magnetic field. (G-gauss, cgs unit for magnetic field 1G Volume V=8 g cm-3= 8 x 10-3 kg (10−2 )−𝟑 m−3
–4
= 10 T) BH = 0.15 G and BV = 0.26 G 𝑉 =8 x 103 kg m-3
Solution: Solution:

3.5 Two materials X and Y are magnetised whose

values of intensity of magnetisation are 500 A m–1 and
3.2 The repulsive force between two magnetic poles in
2000 A m–1 respectively. If the magnetising field is
air is 9 × 10–3 N. If the two poles are equal in strength
1000Am–1, then which one among these materials can
and are separated by a distance of 10 cm, calculate the
be easily magnetized?.Given
pole strength of each pole.
Given r = 10cm = 10 x 10−2 m = 10−1 m H=1000Am–1 𝑴𝑿 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑨 𝒎−𝟏 𝑴𝒀 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑨 𝒎−𝟏
Solution:
F = 9 x 10−3 N. polestrength 𝒒𝒎𝑨 = 𝒒𝒎𝑩 = 𝒒𝒎
Solution:

susceptibility of material Y is greater than that of

material X, So, material Y can be easily magnetized.

3.6 A coil of a tangent galvanometer of diameter 0.24

3.3 A short bar magnet has magnetic moment of 0.5 J
m has 100 turns. If the horizontal component of Earth’s
T –1. Calculate magnitude and direction of the magnetic
magnetic field is 25 × 10–6 T then, calculate the current
field produced by the bar magnet which is kept at a
which gives a deflection of 60o.
distance of 0.1 m from the centre of the bar magnet
Given r=0.12m N=100 turns BH=25 × 10–6 T Ɵ=60o
along (a) axial line of the bar magnet and (b) normal
Solution
bisector of the bar magnet. Given
magnetic moment pm = 0.5 J T –1 distance r = 0.1 m
Solution:

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 13
3.7 Compute the magnitude of the magnetic field of a
long, straight wire carrying a current of 1 A at distance
of 1m from it. Compare it with Earth’s magnetic field.
Given: I = 1 A and distance r = 1 m
Solution:

3.10 Suppose a cyclotron is operated to accelerate

protons with a magnetic field of strength 1 T. Calculate
the frequency in which the electric field between two
Dees could be reversed.
Given:
Magnetic field B = 1 T
mass of proton 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟐𝟕 𝐤𝐠 .
B is one hundred times smaller than 𝑩𝑯 charge of proton= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂
3.8 Calculate the magnetic field inside a solenoid, when Solution:
(a) the length of the solenoid becomes twice with fixed
number of turns
(b) both the length of the solenoid and number of turns
are doubled
(c) the number of turns becomes twice for the fixed
length of the solenoid
Solution:

3.11 A bar magnet having a magnetic moment pm is cut

into four pieces i.e., first cut into two pieces along the
axis of the magnet and each piece is further cut along
the axis into two pieces. Compute the magnetic moment
of each piece.

𝐁𝐋, 𝟐𝐍 > 𝐁𝟐𝐋, 𝟐𝐍 > 𝐁𝟐𝐋, 𝐍

3.9 An electron moving perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field 0.500 T undergoes circular motion of
radius 2.50 mm. What is the speed of electron?
Given: B =0.5 T and radius r = 2.5mm =2.5 x 10-3m
mass of electron 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟏 𝐤𝐠 .
charge of electron= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂
Centripetal force for the electron to travel in circular
path is given by Lorentz force.
Solution:

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 14
3.12 Let the magnetic moment of a bar magnet be pm
whose magnetic length is d = 2l and pole strength is qm.
Compute the magnetic moment of the bar magnet when
it is cut into two pieces (a) along its length
(b) perpendicular to its length.
Solution: along its length

(b) perpendicular to its length. 3.14 The resistance of a moving coil galvanometer is
made twice its original value in order to increase
current sensitivity by 50%. Find the percentage change
in voltage sensitivity.

3.13 Calculate the magnetic field at the centre of a

square loop which carries a current of 1.5 A, length of
each side being 50 cm.

Solution:

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 15
3.15The coil of a moving coil galvanometer has 5
turns and each turn has an effective area of 2 × 10–2
m2. It is suspended in a magnetic field whose strength
is 4 × 10–2 Wb m–2. If the torsional constant K of the
suspension fibre is 4 × 10–9 N m deg–1.
(a) Find its current sensitivity in division per micro -
ampere.
(b) Calculate the voltage sensitivity of the
galvanometer for it to have full scale deflection of 50
divisions for 25 mV.
(c) Compute the resistance of the galvanometer.
Given: A = 2 × 10–2 m2 B= 4 × 10–2 Wb m–2 N=5
K=4 × 10–9 N m deg–1
Solution:
a)

b)

c)

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 16
 4.Electromagnetic Induction 4.3A circular loop of area 5 x 10–2 m2 rotates in a
4.1A circular antenna of area 3 m2 is installed at a place uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T. If the loop rotates
in Madurai. The plane of the area of antenna is inclined about its diameter which is perpendicular to the
at 47o with the direction of Earth’s magnetic field. If the magnetic field as shown in figure. Find the magnetic
magnitude of Earth’s field at that place is 4.1 × 10–5 T flux linked with the loop when its plane is (i) normal to
find the magnetic flux linked with the antenna. field (ii) inclined 60o to field (iii) parallel to the field.
Given: (i) normal to the field
0 0 0 𝟐 −5
θ = 90 − 47 = 43 𝑨 = 𝟑 𝒎 B = 4.1 x 10 T
Solution:

(ii) inclined 60o to the field

4.2A closed coil of 40 turns and of area 200 cm2, is
rotated in a magnetic field of flux density 2 Wb m –2. It
rotates from a position where its plane makes an angle
of 30o with the field to a position perpendicular to the
field in a time 0.2 s. Find the magnitude of the emf
induced in the coil due to its rotation.
θi = 900 − 300 = 600 𝑁 = 40 𝐵 = 2 𝑊𝑏 𝑚−2
θf = 900 − 900 = 0 𝐴 = 200 𝑐𝑚2 = 200 𝑥 10−4 𝑚2
Solution: (iii) parallel to the field.

4.4The magnetic flux passes perpendicular to the plane

of the circuit and is directed into the paper. If the
magnetic flux varies with respect to time as per the
following relation: _𝜱𝑩 = 𝟐𝒕𝟑 + 𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝟖𝒕 + 𝟓 mWb ,
what is the magnitude of the induced emf in the loop
when t = 3 s? Find out the direction of current through
the circuit.

To oppose the flux increase, the induced current flows

in anti-clockwise direction.
XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 17
4.5A conducting rod of length 0.5 m falls freely from 4.7Write down the equation for a sinusoidal voltage of
the top of a building of height 7.2 m at a place in 50 Hz and its peak value is 20 V. Draw the
Chennai where the horizontal component of Earth’s corresponding voltage versus time graph.
magnetic field is 4.04 × 10–5 T. If the length of the rod
is perpendicular to Earth’s horizontal magnetic field,
find the emf induced across the conductor when the rod
is about to touch the ground. (Assume that the rod falls
down with constant acceleration of 10 m s–2)
Given:
l = 0.5 m, h = 7.2 m, g = 9.8 m𝑠 −2 ,
BH = 4.04 x 10−5 T
Solution:
4.8The equation for an alternating current is given by
i = 77 sin 314t. Find the peak current, frequency, time
period and instantaneous value of current at t = 2 ms.

4.6The current flowing in the first coil changes from 2

A to 10 A in 0.4 s. Find the mutual inductance between
two coils if an emf of 60 mV is induced in the second
coil. Also determine the magnitude of induced emf in
the second coil if the current in the first coil is changed
from 4 A to 16 A in 0.03 s. Consider only the magnitude
of induced emf.
1.

4.9A 400 mH coil of negligible resistance is connected

2. to an AC circuit in which an effective current of 6 mA
is flowing.Find out the voltage across the coil if the
frequency is 1000 Hz.

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 18
 5.Electromagnetic waves
5.1 The relative magnetic permeability of the medium
is 2.5 and the relative electrical permittivity of the
medium is 2.25. Compute the refractive index of the
medium.
Given: relative electrical permittivity 𝜺𝒓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓
relative magnetic permeability 𝝁𝒓 =2.5
Solution :

5.5 A transmitter consists of LC circuit with an

inductance of 1 μH and a capacitance of 1 μF. What is
5.2 If the relative permeability and relative permittivity the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves it emits?
of a medium are 1.0 and 2.25 respectively, find the Given:
speed of the electromagnetic wave in this medium. Inductance L = 1μ Henry = 1 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝐇
Given: relative permittivity 𝜺𝒓 = 𝟏 Capacitance C = 1μ farad = 1 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝐅
relative permeability 𝝁𝒓 =2.25 Velocity of light = c = 3 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐦 𝒔−𝟏
Solution : Solution:

5.3Compute the speed of the electromagnetic wave in a

medium if the amplitude of electric and magnetic fields
are 3 × 104 N C–1 and 2 × 10–4 T, respectively.
Given:
amplitude of electric field: 𝑬𝟎 = 3 × 104 N C–1
amplitude of magnetic field: 𝑩𝟎 = 2 × 10–4 T
Solution :

5.4 A magnetron in a microwave oven emits

electromagnetic waves (em waves) with frequency f =
2450 MHz. What magnetic field strength is required for
electrons to move in circular paths with this frequency?.
Given: Same formula used in lesson 3
Frequency f =2450 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐇𝐳
mass of electron 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟏 𝐤𝐠 .
charge of electron= 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 𝐂
Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 19
 6.Ray Optics b)
6.1An object is placed at a distance of 20.0 cm from a
concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm.
(a) What distance from the mirror a screen should be
placed to get a sharp image? (b) What is the nature of
the image? Given : f = −15cm , u = −20cm
Solution: c)

6.4 Light travelling through transparent oil enters in to

glass of refractive index 1.5. If the refractive index of
glass with respect to the oil is 1.25, what is the
refractive index of the oil?
Given :
Solution:

The screen is to be placed at distance 60.0 cm to the left

of the concave mirror. 6.5 A coin is at the bottom of a trough containing three
Magnification immiscible liquids of refractive indices 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5
poured one above the other of heights 30 cm, 16 cm,
and 20 cm respectively. What is the apparent depth at
As the sign of magnification is negative, the image is
which the coin appears to be when seen from air
inverted.
medium outside? In which medium the coin will
As the magnitude of magnification is 3, the image is
appear?
enlarged three times.
As the image is formed to the left of the concave mirror, Solution:
the image is real.
6.2 Pure water has refractive index 1.33. What is the
speed of light through it? Given : n = 1.33
Solution:

coin will appear in the medium of refractive index 1.3.

6.3 Light travels from air into a glass slab of thickness 6.6 What is the radius of the illumination when seen above
50 cm and refractive index 1.5. from inside a swimming pool from a depth of 10 m on a
(a) What is the speed of light in the glass slab? sunny day? What is the total angle of view? refractive index
(b) What is the time taken by the light to travel through of water is 4/3
the glass slab? Solution:
(c) What is the optical path of the glass slab?
Given : n = 1.33, d = 50cm
Solution:
a)

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 20
6.7 If the focal length is 150 cm for a lens, what is the power 6.12 An object is placed at a certain distance from a convex
of the lens? lens of focal length 20 cm. Find the object distance if the
Given: image obtained is magnified 4 times.
Given: f = 20 cm , m =4
Solution: Solution:

As the power is positive, it is a converging lens.

6.8 A monochromatic light is incident on an equilateral

prism at an angle 30o and is emergent at an angle of 75o.
What is the angle of deviation produced by the prism?
Given:

Solution:
6.13 An object of 4 cm height is placed at 6 cm in front of a
concave mirror of radius of curvature 24 cm. Find the
position, height, magnification and nature of the image.
6.9 The angle of minimum deviation for an equilateral prism Given : u= -6cm h = 4cm R=-24cm
is 37o. Find the refractive index of the material of the prism.
Given : Solution:

Solution:

6.10 Find the dispersive power of a prism if the refractive

indices of flint glass for red, green and violet colours are
1.613, 1.620 and 1.632 respectively. Magnification:

Solution:
As the sign of magnification is positive, the image is
erect.
As the magnitude of magnification is 2, the image is
enlarged two times.
As the image is formed to the right of the concave
mirror, v is positive, the image is virtual.
6.11 Find the ratio of the intensities of lights with
wavelengths 500 nm and 300 nm which undergo Rayleigh
scattering.Given, λ1 = 500 nm, λ2 = 300 nm
Solution:

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 21
 7.Wave Optics 7.4 Two light sources have intensity of light as I0. What
7.1 The wavelength of light from sodium source in is the resultant intensity at a point where the two light
vacuum is 5893Å.What are its (a) wavelength, (b) waves have a phase difference of π/3?
speed and (c) frequency when this light travels in water Given : 𝜱 = 𝝅
𝟑
which has a refractive index of 1.33. Solution:
Given : λA = 5893 A0 , nW = 1.3 The resultant
Solution: intensity is
(a) wavelength

(b) speed 7.5 The wavelength of a light is 450 nm. How much
phase it will differ for a path of 3 mm?
Given : 𝛌 = 450nm, 𝛿 = 3𝑚𝑚
Solution :

(c) frequency

7.6 In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits are

7.2Two light sources with amplitudes 5 units and 3 0.15 mm apart. The light source has a wavelength of
units respectively interfere with each other. Calculate 450 nm. The screen is 2 m away from the slits.
the ratio of maximum and minimum intensities. (a) Find the distance of the second bright fringe and also
Given : 𝐚𝟏 = 𝟓, 𝐚𝟐 = 𝟑
third dark fringe from the central maximum.
Solution :
Given :d = 0.15 mm, D = 2m, λ = 450nm
Solution : For nth Bright fringe,

7.3 Two light sources of equal amplitudes interfere with

each other. Calculate the ratio of maximum and
For nth dark fringe,
minimum intensities. Given : 𝐚𝟏 = 𝐚𝟐 = 𝐚
Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 22
7.6 In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits are 7.9 Two polaroids are kept with their transmission axes
0.15 mm apart. The light source has a wavelength of inclined at 30o. Unpolarised light of intensity I falls on
450 nm. The screen is 2 m away from the slits. the first polaroid. Find out the intensity of light
a)Find the fringe width. emerging from the second polaroid.
b) How will the fringe pattern change if the screen is Solution :
moved away from the slits? intensity of light coming from the first
c) What will happen to the fringe width if the whole polaroid(Polariser) 𝐈𝐏 = 𝐈
𝟐
setup is immersed in water of refractive index 4/3.
intensity of light coming from the second polaroid
Given :d = 0.15 mm, D = 2m, λ = 450nm
(Analyser)
Solution : a) fringe width

7.10 Find the polarizing angles for (i) glass of refractive

index 1.5 and (ii) water of refractive index 1.33.

b) fringe width β α D
The fringe width will increase as D is increased,
c) when light passes in any medium of refractive
index n, wavelength of light λ decreases n times
7.11 What is the angle at which a glass plate of
As fringe width β α λ, fringe width also decreases n
refractive index 1.65 is to be kept with respect to the
times when passes in any medium of refractive index
horizontal surface so that an unpolarised light travelling
n.
horizontal after reflection from the glass plate is found
to be plane polarised?
Solution :
7.7 Calculate the distance upto which ray optics is a
good approximation for light of wavelength 500 nm
falls on an aperture of width 0.5 mm.
Given :a = 0.5 mm, λ = 500nm
Solution:
7.12 Calculate the power of the lens of the spectacles
needed to rectify the defect of nearsightedness for a
person who could see clearly up to a distance of 1.8 m.
Solution :
The lens should have a focal length f = –x m = –1.8 m.
7.8 A diffraction grating consists of 4000 slits per
It is a concave (or) diverging lens.
centimeter. It is illuminated by a monochromatic light.
The second order diffraction maximum is produced at
an angle of 30°. What is the wavelength of the light 7.13 A person has farsightedness with the far distance
used? he could see clearly is 75 cm. Calculate the power of
Given :𝜃 = 300 , 𝑛 = 2 the lens of the spectacles needed to rectify the defect.
lines lines lines
N = 5000 = 5000 x −2 = 5 x105
cm 10 m m
Solution:

It is a convex (or) converging lens

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 23
7.14 The ratio of maximum and minimum intensities
in an interference pattern is 36 : 1. What is the ratio of
the amplitudes of the two interfering waves?
𝑰𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟑𝟔
Given: =
𝑰𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟏
Solution :

7.15 Light of wavelength of 5000Å produces

diffraction pattern of the single slit of width 2.5 μm.
What is the maximum order of diffraction possible?
Given : a = 2.5 μm, λ = 5000Å θ = 90
Solution :

7.16 Light of wavelength 600 nm that falls on a pair of

slits producing interference pattern on a screen in which
the bright fringes are separated by 7.2 mm. What must
be the wavelength of another light which produces
bright fringes separated by 8.1 mm with the same
apparatus?
Given : β1 = 7.2mm, β2 = 8.1mm, λ1 = 600 nm
Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 24
 8.Dual nature of matter and radiation 8.4 How many photons per second emanate from a 50
8.1 A radiation of wavelength 300 nm is incident on a mW laser of 640 nm?
silver surface. Will photoelectrons be observed? [work
function of silver = 4.7 eV]
Given: λ=300nm =300 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝒎
Solution :

8.5 When light of wavelength 2200Å falls on Cu, photo

electrons are emitted from it. Find (i) the threshold
wavelength and (ii) the stopping potential. Given: the
work function for Cu is ϕ0 = 4.65 eV.
Given: λ=2200 A0 =2200 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝒎
𝝓𝟎 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟓𝐞𝐕 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟓 𝐱 𝟏. 𝟔 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 J
Solution :

Since the energy of the incident photon (4.12eV)is

less than the work function of silver(4.7eV),
photoelectrons are not emitted.
8.2 Calculate the cut-off wavelength and cut-off
frequency of x-rays from an x –ray tube of accelerating
potential 20,000 V.
Solution :

8.3 How many photons of frequency 1014 Hz will make

up 19.86 J of energy?

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 25
8.6Calculate the momentum and the de Broglie
wavelength in the following cases:
i) an electron with kinetic energy 2 eV.
Given: K=2eV =2 x 1.6 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 J
Solution :

ii) the maximum wavelength

8.8Find the de Broglie wavelength associated with an

alpha particle which is accelerated through a potential
difference of 400 V. Given that the mass of the proton
–27
8.7Light of wavelength 390 nm is directed at a metal is 1.67 × 10 kg. −𝟐𝟕
electrode. To find the energy of electrons ejected, an Given: 𝒎𝒑 = 1.67 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
opposing potential difference is established between it mass M of the alpha particle is 4 times that of a proton
and another electrode. The current of photoelectrons charge q of the alpha particle is 2 times that of a proton
from one to the other is stopped completely when the Solution :
potential difference is 1.10 V. Determine i) the work
function of the metal and ii) the maximum wavelength
of light that can eject electrons from this metal.
Given: λ=390nm =390 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝒎
Stopping potential 𝑽𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝐕
Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 26
 9.Atomic and nuclear physics 9.3 Calculate the radius of 𝟏𝟗𝟕
𝟕𝟗𝑨𝒖 ucleus
9.1 The radius of the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom is
13.25 Å. Calculate the de broglie wavelength of the
electron orbitting in the 5th orbit.
Given: r=13.25 Å =13.25 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝒎
The circumference of an electron’s orbit of radius r
must be an integral multiple of de Broglie wavelength
Solution :

9.4Calculate the number of nuclei of carbon-14

undecayed after 22,920 years if the initial number of
carbon-14 atoms is 10,000. The half-life of carbon-14
is 5730 years.
𝑵𝒐 original no of nuclei, N is no of undecayed nuclei
Solution :

9.2 Find the (i) angular momentum (ii) velocity of the

electron revolving in the 5th orbit of hydrogen atom.
(h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js, m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg)
The angular momentum of an electron must be an
integral multiple of nh/2π
Solution :

9.5Half lives of two radioactive elements A and B are

20 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. Initially, the
samples have equal number of nuclei. Calculate the
ratio of decayed numbers of A and B nuclei after 80
minutes.
Solution :

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 27
9.6 Calculate the time required for 60% of a sample of 10 electronics and Communication
radon undergo decay. Given T12 /of radon =3.8 days 10.1Determine the wavelength of light emitted from
Given 60% of a sample of radon undergoes decay LED which is made up of GaAsP semiconductor whose
40% of a sample of radon is remaining forbidden energy gap is 1.875 eV. Mention the colour
Solution : of the light emitted (Take h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js).
𝑵𝒐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 % and 𝑵 = 𝟒𝟎% Given E = 1.875 eV = 1.875 x 1.6x 10−19 J
Solution :

10.2 In a transistor connected in the common base

configuration, α=095., IE=1mA. Calculate the values of
ICand IB.
Solution :

9.7 Calculate the radius of the earth if the density of the

earth is equal to the density of the nucleus.[mass of
earth 5 .97 x 1024 kg ].

XII-Std Important Numericals S.Jayachandran, PGT, JGGHSS, Madhavaram, Chennai 9840430109 Page 28