INTERNSHIP REPORT

BHARATH HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED

SUBMITTED BY: MENTOR:

SUHASINI M RITESH SHETTY
2314158 DEPUTY GENERAL
MANAGER
BHEL

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. VINEETH P
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CHRIST DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY

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YESHWANTHPUR

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship Training report on Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., has been undertaken
by me for the award of Bachelor of Commerce degree. I have completed this study under the guidance of
Mr. Ritesh Shetty – Commercial Department, SBD - BHEL

I also declare that this Organization Structure Training report has not been submitted for the award of any
Degree, Diploma, Associate ship, Fellowship, or any other title, in CHRIST (Deemed to be University) or
in any other university.

Place: Bengaluru Signature_____________

Date: 14-05-2025.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be incomplete without the
mention of the people whose tireless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all efforts with success. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Vineeth P,
Assistant Professor, Christ Deemed to be University Yeshwanthpur

I accord my profound thanks to our HOD Dr. Raghunandan G for his support.

I am very thankful to Mr. Ritesh Shetty – Deputy General Manager, Commercial Department – SBD,
BHEL and all the concerning officers and staffs of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bangalore
(Karnataka) for their valuable guidance and advice without which I could not have completed my summer
training.

Last but not the least I would like to thank to the workers of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited who always
gave their full co-operation in helping us to understand the workings of the PSU.

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INTRODUCTION TO BHEL
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an integrated power plant equipment manufacturer and one of
the largest engineering and manufacturing companies in India. Established in 1964, BHEL plays a crucial
role in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning, and servicing of a wide
range of products and services for various core sectors of the economy. These sectors include power
generation and transmission, industry, transportation (railway), renewable energy, oil & gas, and defense.

Then came in BHEL on 17th November,1955 it collaborated with associated Electrical industries (AEI) UK
opening a factory in Bhopal on 29th august 1956 getting registered as Heavy Electricals Limited.

Post-independence, the Indian government, led by Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, identified the
need for a strong infrastructure and capital goods base for economic and industrial development.
Recognizing the importance of a robust domestic power equipment industry for sustained economic
growth, the government took steps to establish a factory for manufacturing heavy electrical equipment
required for various projects

The company's strength lies in its highly skilled and committed workforce, which has enabled BHEL to
install equipment for over 90,000 MW of power generation for utilities, captive, and industrial users. BHEL
has supplied a significant capacity of transformers, motors, traction electric and AC/DC locomotives,
valves, and other equipment to various sectors such as power plants, petrochemicals, refineries, steel,
aluminum, fertilizer, and cement plants.

BHEL's mission revolves around providing sustainable business solutions in the fields of energy, industry,
and infrastructure. The company's expertise extends to thermal, gas, hydro, and nuclear power plants, with
capabilities to manufacture a wide range of power plant equipment and execute turnkey projects from
concept to commissioning.

Incorporated with three plants in 1964, BHEL expanded its operations with second- generation plants in the
mid-70s, solidifying its presence in key locations across India. With a focus on growth, profitability,
maintaining a positive image, and ensuring continuity through investments in human resource development
and research, BHEL continues to lead the way in the energy and infrastructure sector in India.

Set up primarily to create self-sufficiency in the field of power generation, the first plan of what is today
known as BHEL was established in 1956 at Bhopal and was the genesis of the Heavy Electrical equipment
industry in India. BHEL today, is the largest engineering and manufacturing industry of its kind in India
with a well-recognized track record of performance. It has been earning profits continuously since 70’s and
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has achieved leadership position with major presence not only in the field of power, but also in their core
sectors of industry like Transportation, Transmission. Oil and Gas, Telecommunications, Defence.

Power. Water and Civil Aviation.

Today, BHEL has a major presence in the domestic power market and accounts for more than 50% of the
nation’s power generation capacity, thus making a significant contribution to the growth and development
of the country’s economy over the years. It has been reported by the World Bank as being one of the most
efficient enterprises in the industrial sector as par with the International Quality Certificate (ISO 90000).
The Organization is now moving towards a culture of Total Quality Management (TQM) for achieving
business excellence. Government of India holds BHEL’s 63.17% share and financial institutions,
employees and others hold remaining 36.83%.

The country’s planners recognized that adequate supply of electric power was a precondition for long term
industrial growth. This could be sustained only with a strong domestic power equipment industry.
Accordingly, the Planning Commission recommended initiating steps towards setting up a factory for the
manufacture of all types of heavy electrical equipment required for various projects. As a result, the
Government of India signed an agreement on 17th November 1955, with Associated Electrical Industries
(AEI), UK, for the establishment of a factory at Bhopal complete in all respects for the manufacture of
heavy electrical equipment in India. The company was registered as Heavy Electricals (India) Limited
(HE(I)L) in the Public Sector under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce on 29th August 1956.

The history of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) dates back to the establishment of the first plant
in 1956 at Bhopal, which laid the foundation for the Heavy Electrical equipment industry in India. Initially
set up to create self-sufficiency in power generation, BHEL has evolved into the largest engineering and
manufacturing industry in India, with a strong track record of performance.

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INTRODUCTION TO EPD-SPD

In the year 1932, the government of Mysore established a department undertaking called “The Government
Porcelain Factory” to cater to the equipment of insulator for its electricity department under the leadership
and guidelines of Sir M. Visvesvaraya dawns of Mysore. Sir M. Visvesvaraya’s untiring efforts later made
the factory upgrade to HT insulators Factory was established in 1937.

During the 1st world war, insulators imported from Japan were stopped due to the war between Japan and
Germany, then in need of urgent need of electrical supply in Karnataka, a few BHEL representatives
requested Jayachamaraja Wodeyar who was the then king of Mysore to help them build resources to do so,
the King of Mysore with the utmost kindness donated about 36.9 acres of land to BHEL.

Now the company is leading in exporting high quality porcelain insulators to many countries. In 1954
BHEL entered into first technical collaborations with NGK insulators ltd, Japan. EPD division has got
awards on their productivity. They also established ceramic technological institute and commissioned a
high temperature furnace manufactured indigenously for the first time in the country.

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The Electro Porcelains Division (EPD) is a manufacturing division of BHEL that specializes in the
production of porcelain insulators, ceramic wear-resistant tiles, and other ceramic products:

1. Establishment: EPD came into existence in 1976 with the takeover of MPL by BHEL.

2. Location: EPD is based in Bangalore and is one of the four Bangalore-based units of BHEL.

3. Products: EPD manufactures a wide range of products including porcelain insulators, ceramic wear-
resistant tiles, ceramic flow beans, electronic water level indicators, grinding media, and control
panels.

4. Certification: EPD has received the ISO 9001 certificate for quality systems in design and
manufacture.

5. Awards: EPD has been recognized with awards for national productivity, safety, and quality.

6. Capacity: The unit has a production capacity of 8850 tons for insulators and 1490 tons for Ceralin

7. Export: EPD exports its products to 52 countries.

8. Workforce: The unit has a workforce that includes executives, supervisors, artisans, technical staff,
office support staff, and trainees.

9. Customers: NTPC, KPCL, RPCL

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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF EPD

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ALL INDIA PRESENCE

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GLOBAL OUTLOOK

• Presence in all segments- Thermal, Hydro, Oil and Gas, Solar, Transmission
• Reference in 88 countries
• First largest turnkey project export by Indian co- Libya (1977)- 2x120MW Tripoli(west)
• 90% of power generating capacity in Bhutan installed by BHEL
• Consistent performance- 17000+MW Maitree STPP, Bangladesh worth US $1.5 billion
• Largest hydro project of Nepal- 4x225 MW Arun-3

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CENTER AND PRODUCTIVITY

Human resource refers to manpower engaged in a business organization. In other words, the terms refer to
personnel, employees or workforce employed in a business organization. It may be noted that human
resources employed in a business not only to cover the rank-and-file staff or operative workers like that

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factory workers, office clerk, and sales staff but also the managerial personnel, executives, managers or
officers. Development refers to acquiring capabilities to perform the present or future expected jobs.

On the whole, HRD is the process by which people are assisted in a continuous and planned manner to
develop their job competence personality and other capabilities. It is the total all around development of the
people, so that they can contribute their best to the organization

In the past, employees and their developments were given least importance due to which imbalance crept
into organization but in the last decade HRD has been gaining importance and attention in the organization
context is a process by which employees of the organization are helped continuously in a planned way to
•Acquire or sharpen the skills required to perform their present and excepted future roles effectively.
• Develop the general capabilities to discover and explore their own potential for their own
organization developments.
• •Develop an organizational culture that encourages teamwork, mutual trust and freedom to express
one's opinion and feeling so as to contribute to professional well-being to employee and
organization.
• •BHEL consider its work force to be an asset of the company, it takes care of human relationships
in the organization
The main function of the HRD at BHEL:
•Identify the needs of employees
•Based on the need, training development program me is undertaken
•Training budget is approved by the HOD
•Feedback will be received from the employees about the training program me and any loopholes shall be
identified and set right in the next program me
•Apprentice training is also provided
•Undertaken the concept of job rotation and skill up gradation
•Providing on the job and off the job of training Providing computer education to the employees
•Social welfare program for the employees
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
For any organization to carry out its sales activity and more effectively way they need is a good marketing
department. In the same manner BHEL also has a marketing department to handle the sales activities. This
marketing department deals with all the activities carried out by BHFL-CBU In the field of ceramic
component BHEI, has a good stand in the country and its sales are more.
The duty of marketing department is to maintain all these records.

1. Enquiry from the customer 11

2. Acknowledgement to that enquiry

3.Making of offer through quotation

In enquiry there will be a qualifying, which specifies certain condition for any company to qualify for the
offer i.e. capacity, assets involved etc. enquiry consists of both commercial as well as the technical
requirements terms.
Enquiry will go to engineering department for recommendation and approval of the technical specification.
If the engineering tells it is not possible to maintain according to that specification, then marketing
department will exchange a word of mouth with the customers regarding the issue and comes to a
conclusion

COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT
Commercial department acts as internal customers to the EPD. This section is responsible for execution of
orders secured for insulators manufactured in the unit. They deal with both, the customers and the
suppliers. The main objective of this department is customer satisfaction. In short, this department acts as a
liaison between the customer and the unit
The main functions of this department are as follows:
•Contract review
•Issue of work order
•Preparation of turnover plans. Based on the internal orders and shop floor capacity turnover plans will be
prepared

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•Every month follow up has to be done
• Weekly monitoring and comparing with the work schedules

•Billing invoice and dispatch will be prepared and sent to the customers according to instructions given by
the Commercial Department.
•In case of export invoice, packing list and GR form will be sent. Goods will be dispatched either from
Chennai port or from white field (Bangalore). Earlier even the payment of excise duty was rested with
department but now the finance department has taken over this function. In case of exports six sets of
invoices will be prepared
•Packing of insulator
•Handling of Customer complaints
• Providing management information reports on the commercial status

QUALITY DEPARTMENT
Quality refers to the sum its characteristics or properties that describe the product which are generally
expressed in terms of specific product characteristics such as length, width, colour, and specific gravity.

The main functions are as follows:

•Verifying the compliances of raw materials (non -ceramic)
•Inspection of the final product
•Facilitating with customers for inspection
•Preparation of weekly reports
•Facilitating and coordination for ISO 9001 audits

Quality department makes the quality assurance manual giving the guidelines for each department, based
on thus department will have to prepare the documents for procedures. EPD got its ISO9001 certificate in
the year 1994 from French company "Bureau Veritas Quality International" (BVQI) this certificate states
that, the quality management of the above supplier has been assessed and found to be in accordance with
requirements of the quality standards.
As a result of its thrust on quality and technology, BHEL enjoys national and international recognition in
the form of Product Certification by International Bodies like ASME, API etc. and plant approvals by
agencies like Lloyds register of Shipping, UK.

In its movement towards Business Excellence and with the objective of achieving

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International Level of Quality, BHEL has adopted European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM)
model for Business Excellence. Through this model and annual self-assessment exercise, BHEL is
institutionalizing continuous improvement in all its operations.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
This department outlays design, drawing and sketches by the production department and keeps track of
recent changes in the technology thereby diversifying the product produced by the organization. In this
way, this department helps in the development of the organization in the modern era of computation
Engineering department consists of
•Ceralin Engineering
•Insulator Engineering
The main functions of the department include:
•Designing the product
•Type testing
•Designing the product:
This consists of the total design of the product, from the materials required till the finished product is
produced. It is the stage-by-stage guide to the manufacture of the product Type testing:
This design is coordinated with the customer requirement and is checked for feasibility in manufacture.
DAY 1
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
A Comprehensive Introduction and Business Overview
1. Introduction
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is one of India's largest and most prestigious engineering and
manufacturing public sector undertakings (PSU). With the Government of India holding 63.17% of its
equity, BHEL plays a crucial role in India's industrial development and energy security. Founded in 1964,
BHEL has evolved into a global engineering powerhouse that offers a comprehensive portfolio of products
and services, serving core sectors like power, transmission, industry, transportation, renewable energy, oil
& gas, and defence.

The company operates with a vision of enabling a self-reliant India by providing advanced technological
solutions and contributing to sustainable development.
2. Business Verticals and Capabilities
BHEL's business is diversified across several verticals:
- Power Generation: Covers thermal, hydro, nuclear, solar, and wind energy. Thermal power continues to
be BHEL’s stronghold, while it also supports 74% of India’s indigenous nuclear power plants with turbine
generator sets.
- Transmission & Distribution (T&D): Provides advanced systems and solutions to ensure reliable power
delivery across India.
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- Industry and Transportation: Manufactures equipment for industrial applications and has been supplying
traction motors to Indian Railways since 1962.
- Defence & Aerospace: Develops lithium-ion batteries for satellites and manufactures critical components
like the Indian Navy’s TRISHUL missile launcher.
- Oil & Gas: Supplies equipment for extraction and production processes in the oil sector.
- Renewable and Non-Conventional Energy: Invests in solar PV modules, battery storage systems, and
green hydrogen initiatives.
3. Global Presence and Export Footprint
BHEL has successfully expanded its footprint to over 76 countries across six continents. It has supplied and
commissioned power generation equipment in countries such as Libya, Oman, Malaysia, Bhutan, Sudan,
and Iraq. The company's cumulative overseas installed power generation capacity now exceeds 9,000 MW
— a testament to its engineering excellence and global trust.
4. Infrastructure, Manufacturing & R&D
BHEL has built a robust infrastructure with:
- 16 manufacturing units
- 2 repair units
- 4 regional offices
- 8 overseas offices
- 8 service centres

On the innovation front, BHEL has:

- Filed over 2,400 patents globally
- Secured over 1,300 patents
- Established a Centre for Electric Transportation (CET)
- Focused on developing indigenous technologies and solar PV solutions
5. Major Projects and Achievements
BHEL has been instrumental in executing landmark infrastructure and energy projects, such as:
- Commissioning India’s first 800 MW supercritical power plant at Yermarus, Karnataka
- Executing the ₹20,400 crore Yadadri Thermal Power Project in Telangana
- Upgrading hydroelectric plants across the country
- Supporting NPCIL with equipment for nuclear power plants
- Producing metro coaches and locomotives for Indian Railways
6. Financial Performance (FY 2023–24)
BHEL recorded steady growth in FY 2023–24:
- Revenue from Operations: ₹22,136.30 crore
- Net Sales: ₹21,061.08 crore (Domestic: ₹19,985.86 crore | Exports: ₹1,075.22 crore)
- Capital Expenditure: ₹261.94 crore
- Strategic Focus: Reducing debt, optimizing costs, and improving profitability
7. Awards and Recognition
BHEL's excellence has been acknowledged with numerous awards:
- Clarivate South & South-East Asia Innovation Awards (2018, 2020, 2021)
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- India Today R&D Award – Maharatna Category (2015)
- Rajbhasha Kirti Puraskar (2024)
- Skoch Renaissance Award for CSR initiatives
- Governance Now PSU Awards for R&D and cost management
8. Future Focus and Strategic Direction
BHEL is committed to aligning its goals with India’s vision of a greener, self-reliant economy. Key focus
areas include:
- Accelerating the transition to green energy and cleaner fuels
- Expansion in Defence and Aerospace technologies
- Development of Smart Grids, Battery Storage Systems, and EV infrastructure
- Strengthening global technological partnerships
- Embracing Industry 4.0 through automation and digital transformation
Day 2
Marketing: Concepts, Case Studies, and Strategies
1. Introduction to Marketing
Marketing is the set of activities, institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. At its core,
marketing aims to attract and retain customers by promoting the sale of products or services.
2. Market Research and Segmentation
Market research is essential for understanding consumer needs and making informed decisions.
Segmentation divides the market into identifiable groups for better targeting.
Key types of segmentation include:
- Demographic Segmentation: Focuses on 'The Who' – age, gender, income, education, etc.
- Psychographic Segmentation: Explores 'The Why' – values, lifestyle, interests, and personality.
- Geographic Segmentation: Determines 'The Where' – regions, cities, climates, etc.
- Ethnographic Segmentation: Studies 'The How' – based on cultural traits, traditions, and social behavior.
3. Case Study: Maggi Crisis and Comeback
Maggi, an iconic instant noodles brand owned by Nestlé India, held over 75% market share in its category
before 2015. In May 2015, the Food Safety and Drug Administration (FSDA) of Uttar Pradesh alleged that
Maggi contained lead beyond the permissible limit (found 17.2 ppm versus the allowed 2.5 ppm) and
monosodium glutamate (MSG), despite packaging that claimed 'No added MSG'.
This led to a nationwide recall and temporary ban, significantly damaging the brand. However, through
effective crisis communication, rigorous product testing, and a robust comeback campaign, Maggi
managed to regain customer trust and market presence.
4. Case Study: Kodak’s Fall
Kodak, once a giant in the photography industry, failed to capitalize on digital technology. Despite
inventing the first digital camera in 1975, Kodak shelved it to protect its film business. The company
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maintained a short-term focus on film-based profits while rivals like Canon and Sony quickly embraced
digital transformation.
As consumers shifted toward digital and online sharing, Kodak's resistance to change led to its downfall,
highlighting the risks of ignoring technological trends.
5. Case Study: Tata Nano’s Marketing Failure
Touted as the world’s cheapest car, Tata Nano failed to resonate with its intended audience. The marketing
emphasized affordability, but the label 'cheap' carried negative connotations. Consumers perceived the
vehicle as low-quality and associated it with economic status, deterring aspirational buyers.
This example underscores the importance of brand positioning and understanding consumer perception in
crafting a marketing strategy.
6. Marketing Strategy: Exclusivity
Luxury brands often adopt an exclusivity strategy where they market not just products but status. Their
appeal lies in being elusive and desirable. Over-exposure can dilute their prestige.
Key traits of this strategy include:
- Targeting a niche, ultra-rich audience
- Relying on private, bespoke experiences rather than traditional advertising
- Selling a lifestyle and elite membership rather than just functionality
7. Conclusion
Marketing is a dynamic discipline influenced by consumer psychology, technology, and social trends. As
seen in the examples of Maggi, Kodak, Tata Nano, and luxury brands, success in marketing requires deep
consumer insights, agility in strategy, and a strong alignment between brand messaging and audience
perception.

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DAY 3
Intellectual Property Rights: Understanding and Protection
1. Introduction to Intellectual Property (IP)
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind—such as inventions, literary and artistic works,
designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce. Protecting IP is vital as it preserves the ownership
rights of creators and encourages innovation and creativity.
2. Types of Intellectual Property
IP includes several categories, each protecting a specific kind of creative work:
- Copyrights: Literary, artistic, and musical works.
- Trademarks: Brand names, logos, and slogans.
- Patents: Inventions and technological innovations.
- Designs: Visual appearance of products.
- Trade Secrets: Confidential business information.
3. How to Protect Your Intellectual Property
Protecting IP involves proactive steps to establish legal ownership and prevent unauthorized use. Key
practices include:
- Document Everything: Keep records of your ideas, designs, and developments.
- Register Your IP: File copyrights, patents, trademarks, and designs with relevant authorities.
4. Case Studies
4.1 Apple vs. Samsung
Apple sued Samsung in 2011 for allegedly copying the design of its iPhones and iPads. The dispute
involved design patents and user interface features. Samsung counter-sued, alleging Apple violated its
wireless technology patents. The legal battle spanned several years and countries, eventually leading
Samsung to pay $548 million in damages to Apple.
4.2 Natco vs. Bayer
This landmark case in India dealt with the cancer drug Nexavar. Bayer held the patent, but Natco Pharma
applied for a compulsory license to manufacture a cheaper generic version. The Indian authorities granted
the license in 2013, highlighting the need for affordable access to life-saving medicines.
5. Patent Trends and Examples
In 2024, Samsung Electronics was the top patent holder in the US with 9,304 patents. In India, Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS) leads in patent filings with 3,893 patents over the last five years. These
statistics highlight the growing importance of innovation in competitive global markets.
6. What Cannot Be Patented?

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Certain ideas and discoveries are excluded from patent protection, including:
- Laws of nature or scientific theories
- Abstract ideas and pure mathematical formulas
- Artistic creations like music, paintings (protected by copyright)
- Mental acts, spiritual methods, and traditional knowledge
- Natural substances in their original form
- Mere ideas without a working model
- Medical treatment methods (in some jurisdictions)
- Inventions that violate public morality or order
7. Branding Example: Forest Essentials
Forest Essentials builds brand equity through sensorial experiences and authenticity rooted in Ayurveda. Its
IP strategy includes unique packaging, premium branding, and exclusivity that aligns with luxury
standards.
8. Conclusion
Intellectual property protection is crucial in today’s innovation-driven economy. Whether it’s a tech
invention, a pharmaceutical breakthrough, or a piece of art, IP rights ensure creators are recognized and
rewarded. By understanding the types of IP and how to protect them, individuals and businesses can
safeguard their most valuable assets.

DAY 4
Impactful Projects and Innovations in India: A Report

1. Vande Bharat Project

The consortium of Titagarh Rail Systems Limited and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has
entered into a landmark contract for the ‘Manufacture cum Maintenance of 80 Vande Bharat Trainsets’.

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This contract, valued at nearly ₹24,000 crores, covers both the production and long-term maintenance (35
years) of these trainsets. It is part of India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, promoting self-reliance
through indigenous development.
Key Highlights:
• Manufacture and delivery of 80 fully assembled sleeper trainsets.
• Maintenance responsibility spans 35 years.
• Final assembly to take place at Chennai and Latur railway facilities.
• Fully Indian consortium aligned with the self-reliant manufacturing mission.

2. KC Valley Project – Reusing Treated Wastewater

The Koramangala-Challaghatta (KC) Valley Project, launched in 2018 by the Karnataka government,
aims to recharge groundwater in the drought-prone Kolar region by pumping secondary treated
wastewater from Bengaluru.
Project Details:
• Water Source: 440 MLD of treated water from 5 STPs in Bengaluru.
• Target Region: 122 rain-fed tanks in Kolar district.
• Infrastructure: 53 km pipeline to Lakshmisagara Lake, followed by gravity flow via natural
channels.
• Project Cost: ₹1,342 crore.
Challenges and Concerns:
• Water Quality: Several STPs breached permissible BOD/COD limits.
• Monitoring Issues: Gaps in real-time tracking of water quality data.
• Health Hazards: Contaminated groundwater reported in affected areas.
• Legal Concerns: Karnataka High Court demanded a post-facto Environmental Impact
Assessment, which is not publicly released yet.

3. Indore – India’s Cleanest City

Indore has set a national benchmark by winning the Swachh Survekshan title seven years in a row
(2017–2023), showcasing exceptional municipal management, citizen involvement, and innovative
sanitation strategies.
Key Success Factors:
• 100% Door-to-Door Collection: All households and establishments covered.
• Source Segregation: Wet, dry, and hazardous waste separated at origin.

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 • Zero Landfill Use: Waste is converted to compost, biogas, and recyclables.
• Robust Infrastructure: Over 1,700 GPS-enabled vehicles, 24×7 control rooms.
• Community Engagement: Awareness drives, competitions, citizen incentives.
• Innovative Tech: Garbage ATMs, drones, Bio-CNG buses from organic waste.
• Strong Governance: Proactive leadership from Indore Municipal Corporation.

4. Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Process

With the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), recycling lithium-ion batteries is becoming critical
for environmental sustainability and raw material reuse.
Recycling Process:
1. Battery Packs Dismantled by authorized vehicle dismantlers.
2. Components Separated: Wires, plastic, and circuitry removed.
3. Cells Crushed to extract reusable minerals (like lithium, cobalt, nickel).
4. Materials Recycled and returned to battery manufacturers.

Many of these materials are infinitely recyclable, making future battery production cheaper and more
sustainable.
Significance:
• Reduces reliance on mining rare minerals.
• Supports circular economy practices.
• Meets growing demand for EV battery production.
• Reduces the environmental hazards from discarded batteries.

5. Conclusion
These innovative projects — from the Vande Bharat trains and KC Valley's wastewater reuse to
Indore’s cleanliness success and battery recycling advancements — demonstrate India’s strong focus on
sustainability, self-reliance, and technological innovation.
They serve as inspiring models for other states and nations, showing how thoughtful infrastructure, citizen
engagement, and innovation can create lasting impact.

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DAY 5
ESG Abstracts Collection
1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as the Foundation of ESG
This research paper delves into the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a foundational pillar
within the broader Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework. Tracing the historical roots
of CSR, the study examines how and why CSR emerged as a corporate response to increasing societal and
environmental concerns. Initially conceptualized as a voluntary ethical commitment by businesses to
contribute to sustainable development, CSR has evolved into a strategic tool driven by stakeholder
expectations, regulatory pressures, and the demand for corporate accountability. The paper highlights the
transformation of CSR from philanthropic initiatives to a core component of business strategy, setting the
stage for the integration of ESG metrics. Through an analysis of global trends, policy developments, and
corporate practices, this research illustrates how CSR laid the groundwork for the ESG paradigm, offering
insights into its significance in shaping responsible and resilient business models in the 21st century.
2. The Social Dimension of ESG: Importance and Impact
This research paper explores the evolving significance of the "Social" dimension within the Environmental,
Social, and Governance (ESG) framework, emphasizing its critical role in fostering sustainable and ethical
business practices. While environmental concerns and governance standards have long dominated ESG
discussions, the social pillar—encompassing labor practices, human rights, diversity and inclusion,
community engagement, and consumer protection—has gained increasing prominence in recent years. This
paper investigates how social factors influence corporate performance, stakeholder trust, and long-term
value creation, especially in a global landscape marked by inequality, social justice movements, and
heightened consumer awareness. Through case studies, regulatory insights, and ESG performance data, the
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research demonstrates how companies integrating strong social strategies into their operations not only
mitigate risks but also build reputational capital and drive inclusive growth. The study concludes by
arguing that a balanced ESG approach, with heightened focus on the social dimension, is essential for
businesses striving to align profitability with purpose in today's interconnected world.
3. Stakeholders and Their Impact on ESG
This research paper examines the pivotal role of stakeholders in shaping and driving Environmental,
Social, and Governance (ESG) strategies within modern organizations. As ESG principles become central
to sustainable business practices, stakeholders—including investors, employees, customers, communities,
regulators, and NGOs—have emerged as powerful influencers in demanding transparency, ethical behavior,
and long-term accountability. The paper explores how stakeholder expectations have evolved, compelling
companies to integrate ESG considerations into their core operations and decision-making processes.
Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, including case studies and stakeholder impact assessments,
the study reveals how active stakeholder engagement enhances ESG performance, mitigates risks, and
fosters trust and resilience. The research highlights that stakeholder-driven ESG initiatives not only respond
to external pressures but also create internal value by aligning corporate objectives with societal needs.
Ultimately, this paper argues that stakeholders are not peripheral observers but key agents of change in
advancing ESG standards globally.
4. The Role of Corporate Leadership in Achieving ESG Goals
This research paper investigates the crucial role of corporate leadership in the successful implementation
and advancement of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) initiatives. As ESG practices become
increasingly vital to long-term business sustainability, the strategic vision and ethical commitment of
corporate leaders have emerged as decisive factors in aligning organizational goals with global
sustainability standards. The paper explores how leadership shapes ESG priorities through policy
formulation, cultural influence, stakeholder engagement, and transparent decision-making. By analyzing
leadership styles, board composition, and executive accountability across various industries, the study
highlights how proactive and responsible leadership fosters ESG integration, enhances corporate
reputation, and drives measurable impact. The findings suggest that leadership is not only a driver of
compliance but a catalyst for innovation, resilience, and value creation in the ESG landscape. This paper
ultimately argues that strong corporate leadership is essential to embedding ESG deeply into a company’s
DNA, ensuring sustainable success in an increasingly conscious and regulated global market.

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DAY 6
THE 5’S

THE 5’S is a reference to five Japanese words that describe standardized cleanup
Seiri: tidiness, organization. Refers to the practice of sorting through all the tools. materials, etc., in the
work area and keeping only essential items. Everything else is stored or discarded. This leads to fewer
hazards and less clutter to interfere with productive work.

Seiton: orderliness. Focuses on the need for an orderly workplace. Tools, equipment, and materials must be
systematically arranged for the easiest and most efficient access. There must be a place for everything, and
everything must be in its place

Seiso: cleanliness. Indicates the need to keep the workplace clean as well as neat. Cleaning in Japanese
companies is a daily activity. At the end of each shift, the work area is cleaned up and everything is
restored to its place.

Seiketsu: standards. Allows for control and consistency. Basic housekeeping standards apply everywhere in
the facility. Everyone knows exactly what his or her responsibilities are.
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Housekeeping duties are part of regular work routines.

Shitsuke: sustaining discipline. Refers to maintaining standards and keeping the facility in safe and
efficient order day after day, year after year
SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:
1.The greatest strength of BHEL is its highly skilled and committed employees 2Every employee is given
an equal opportunity to develop himself and grow in his career
3Brand name known internationally
4. Known for quality product of disc, hollow and ceralin insulators

5. Separate ceramic research institute with expert manpower and lab for pilot production

6. Total quality management

7. In house engineering department

8. Established market exists for disc, hollow and ceralin

9. Leading status in ceralin an impetus for new product introduction in existing market

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 10. Other
business group helps in establishing market entry
WEAKNESS:
1. Depleting skilled force due to retirement
2. 2.Expensive manpower for ceramic business
3. Manually oriented product lines

4. Cost not commensurate with returns with certain varieties of insulators

5. Long manufacturing process, 31 days to produce as compared to 27 days in competitive firms

6. BHEL does not have an effective advertisement strategy

7. It believes is waiting for customers instead of marketing itself and thus the customers are less in number

OPPORTUNITIES:
1. Growth in existing products and markets, volume growth, increasing profit, increasing market share for
hollow insulators, higher rating disc, solid core, station post insulator and ceralin
2. Growth in existing products in export markets
3. Growth in new products in existing markets and new markets
-SF6 hollow insulators
-Composite insulator
-Industrial insulator
-Acid proof tiles
-Honeycomb substrates
-Opportunity for automation

THREATS:
1. Merger of world-renowned Japanese manufacture NGK with Indian firm (Jayashree Insulators) to produce
high quality products in competition
2. Threat of low-price Chinese insulator market entry in India

3. Profit margin-stiff competition from the national players like Jayashree Insulators. WS industries,
insulators and electrical and international players restrict market share
4.Collaborations are increasingly restricting export territories under license agreements in order to protect
their market share in territories outside India, particularly where BHEL has built up references and strengths

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we went through the process of making an INSULATOR.
The history of BHEL producing insulators dates back around the time of WORLD WAR. Due to the
stoppage of insulator import from Japan made India to produce their own, the land to setup the factory was
donated by the late king of Mysore.

➢ Insulator is a bad conductor of electricity ex- wood, glass, ceramics. this is mainly used in electrical
poles since the electrical lines can’t be extended for a very long distance without a pole. The pole is
made up of metal, which makes the electricity to run towards the ground that’s when insulators
come into use that ensures the vertical line of electrical supply
An Insulator is made through the following process: -

1 Raw material
2 Ball mill
3 Dewatering
4 Pugging
5 Turning
6 glazing
7 Firing
8 Assembly
9 Testing
10 dispatching
➢ The raw materials used to make ceramics include 25% of Clay + 50% of stone powder + 25% of
alkaline

➢ The glazing liquid is made up of acrylic water and polymer emulsion and with regard to insulator
making, chrome ore and iron oxide is added to it

➢ The drying process takes about 4-6 days, but it also depends on the requirement of customers as
different types of insulators takes different amount of time.

➢ The factory contains almost, 45 permanent employees and 180 contract labours.
➢ The testing rounds has about 7 testing rounds.
➢ They also import the insulators to Mauritius, Africa, Bangladesh, Bhutan The life span is 25 yrs.
to 20yrs

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A basic view on the process of INSULATOR

We later discussed about labour laws and some industrial laws the Company has to meet that is: -

1 Factory act 1948

2 Karnataka industrial act 1964
➢ Labour laws are laws that are time to time governed by someone and a company with labours need
to adapt to it. A company with more than 150 labourers enter an agreement with Labour union.

➢ Labour laws suggest that labours can work for up to 48 hours per week especially industrial labours
and non-industrial labours are supposed work for about 40 hours per week.

➢ It also states about the minimum wages given to the labours

We discussed about the labours present in ORGANISED and UNORGANISED sectors

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CONCLUSION
Modifications, if any to the organizational structure: There is not much need for modification in the
organizational structure. The organizational structure is in accordance with the organization's functions and
manufacturing requirements. The organization is well organized and functions in accordance with the goal
and targets set. There are not many problems encountered during manufacturing. Employees are aware of
their duties. rights and the benefits provided by the organization. Overall, the organization is performing
well, leaving no scope for any future modifications currently.

RECOMMENDATIONS: • The authority must be decentralized. It helps in taking quick decisions at unit
levels. • New technology must be adopted in production unit of the organization. " • Working conditions
need to be improved in the production department, with reference to noise and dust. • Damaged production
of products needs to be minimized. • Should entry new country for business. Workers should be strictly
advised to use safety equipment. • BHEL should implement new promotional strategies for advertising their
products efficiently in the global market.

CONCLUSION: At the end of the training program at BHEL - SBD, Bangalore. I have acquired an
overview of the factory. its manufacturing, products, associate infrastructure, departments, and their
functions. Each department functions in close coordination with each other to achieve the common goal of
meeting the target. I also got familiarized with various kinds of machines which serve different purposes in
different production areas like insulator production, control panel, solar and PV cell manufacturing facilities.
REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY:
www.bhel.com
www.google.com
Annual reports of the company. Department reference brochures.
Annual reports of BHEL – SBD.

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