The Internet
Internet or "net" (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of Comes computer user. The word internet comes from combination between
"interconnection" and "network" Network is a collection of computers and devices connected
via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware,
software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.
A. Brief History of Internet
ARPA - Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 started an experimental
computer network. Concept - No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in
the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the
word internet started. 1986 First" free net" created in Case Western Reserve University 1991:
US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect
to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in
our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one
of "the fathers of the Internet" sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.
B. Major Components of the Internet
1. Servers - is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it's user.
Types of Servers
o Application Server - a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application
program.
o Web Server - a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
o Proxy Server - is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as
computer and another server from which a user is requesting.
o Mail Server - is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders
and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery.
o File Server - is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that
another computer on the same network can access them.
o Policy Server - is a security component of a policy - based network that provides authorization
services and facilities tracking and control of files.
2.IP Address (Internet Protocol) - is a numerical labe issigned to each device. This provides identity to
network device.
3.Browser - is an application program that provides ay to look information on the we
Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla
4. Domain Name System (DNS) - is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through
domain
names.
5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) - is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP - provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP - business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.
Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge
D. Internet Terms and Definition
o Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless systems.
o Web - a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser.
o Email - the most common method of sending and receiving messages online.
o Social media - websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos.
o Online gaming - games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet.
o Software updates - operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from the Internet
o HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text,
multimedia, and links to create a web page.
o URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world wide
web.
o Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
o Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
o Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
o Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
o HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web pages.
When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web browser.
o HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page has a
special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from others.
o Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for network signals
arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both.
o Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers. Encryption
uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers
can unscramble.
o Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the Internet.
Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups or doing
searches for information.
o Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users search for
information on the web by using keywords, phrases.
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET ^
o Convenient Online Banking and Transactions
o Enhanced Education and Employment Opportunities
o Diverse Entertainment Options
o Emergence of New Job Roles
o Seamless Communication
o Enhanced Comfort and Convenience
o GPS Tracking and Navigation
DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
o Time Wastage
o Negative Impact on Health
o Cyber Crimes
o Effects on Children
o Bullying and Spread of Negativity
