DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK, KOLKATA

SESSION: 2024 - 25
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS –5
TOPIC – FRACTIONS
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Definition
A fraction is a part of a whole. If a whole is divided into equal parts, each part is called a
fraction. It is made up of two parts – numerator and denominator. Numerator represents the
number of equal parts taken and denominator represents the total number of equal parts in the
whole.
Eg. If a cake is divided into four equal pieces and out of these, three pieces are already eaten, the
3
fraction of cake eaten is 4.
Eg. Following picture represents different fractions by dividing a circle in several parts:

Types of Fractions
1) Proper Fraction: The fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator is called
a proper fraction. All proper fractions are less than 1.
1 3 5
Eg. 4 , 7 , 9 etc.
2) Improper Fraction: The fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the
denominator is called an improper fraction. All improper fractions are greater than or equal 1.
7 5 9
Eg. 3 , 5 , 5 etc.
3) Mixed Fraction: A mixed fraction has two parts, a whole number part (except 0) and a part with
proper fraction.
5 2 1
Eg. 29 , 73 , 57 etc.
NOTE: A mixed fraction can be written as an improper fraction and an improper fraction can be
written as a mixed fraction.
4) Unit Fraction: A fraction whose numerator is 1 and denominator is more than 1 is called a unit
fraction.
1 1 1
Eg. 5 , 9 , 7 etc.
5) Equivalent Fractions: Fractions that represent the same portion of the whole are called equivalent
fractions.
1 2 5 40 1 2 5 40
Eg. , , , are equivalent fractions and we write it as = = = .
3 6 15 120 3 6 15 120
6) Like Fractions: Fractions that have same denominator are called like fractions.
2 7 5 1
Eg. 11 , 11 , 11 , 11 etc. are like fractions.
7) Unlike Fractions: Fractions whose denominators are different are called unlike fractions.
2 7 1 3
Eg. 5 , 9 , 3 , 7 etc. are unlike fractions.
Simplest form of a fraction
A fraction is said to be in its simplest form when its numerator and denominator have no common

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factors other than 1.
2 3 7 8
Eg. 5 , 10 , 15 etc. are all fractions in their lowest or simplest form. 40
is not in its simplest form as 8
is the common factor of 8 and 40 other than 1.

Comparison of fractions
 If two or more fractions have the same denominator, the fraction with the greater numerator is
greater.
5 1
Eg. 7 > 7
 In two or more unlike fractions if the numerator is same, the fraction with greater denominator is
smaller.
11 11
Eg. 3 > 6
 To compare unlike fractions – first convert them to like fractions by taking the LCM of the
denominators and then compare the numerators.
3 5
Eg. 4 , 6
The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.
9 10
The equivalent fractions with denominator 12 are 12 and 12
9 10 3 5
< implies <
12 12 4 6

Addition and Subtraction of fractions

 Addition and subtraction of like fractions:
To add or subtract like fractions, we add or subtract the numerators and keep the denominator
unchaged.
3 1 3+1 4
Eg. (i) 5 + 5 = 5 = 5
7 5 7−5 2
(ii) 11 − 11 = 11
= 11
 Addition and subtraction of unlike fractions:
To add or subtract unlike fractions-
STEP 1: Find the LCM of the denominators of the unlike fractions.
STEP 2: Convert unlike fractions into equivalent like fractions with their LCM as common
denominator.
STEP3: Add or subtract the like fractions.
3 2 3 ×5 +2 ×4 15+8 23 3
Eg. 1) + = = = =1
4 5 20 20 20 20

2 3 4 3 4−3 1
2) 4 − 8 = 8
−8= 8
=8

Multiplication of fractions:
 Multiplication of a fraction by a whole number:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
A fraction × a whole number =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
 Multiplication of a fraction by a fraction:
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
Product of two fractions = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

Practice Work:
1. Choose the correct option:
5 7
a) 6 of 12 + fifth multiple of 15
is _________.

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 5 7 37
(i) 7 (ii) 10 (iii) 5 (iv) 3

6
b) The fraction equivalent to 11 is
36 36 30 42
(i) 66 (ii) 55 (iii) 66 (iv) 33

c) If the numerator of a fraction is fixed and the denominator is increased, the value of the fraction
(i) decreases (ii) increases (iii) remains unchanged (iv) none

2. Arrange the following fractions in ascending order:

13 11 9 2
, , ,
18 14 14 7

3 5
3.Gautam covered of his journey by road, by train. How much of his journey did he covered?
7 21

2
4. The cost of 1 packet butter is ₹36 . What is the cost of 10 packets of butter?
5

2 4
5. Juhi spends 5 of her money in buying a necklace. Then she spends 9 of the remaining money on
eating out. What fraction of her money does she spend in eating out?
1 2 1 4
6. Which is greater? × or ×
8 7 16 5

4 3
7. Kiran bought a rope of length 3 m. Bunny bought a rope of length m shorter than that of Kiran.
9 5
What was the total length of rope bought by both of them?

Answers
37 36
1.a) (iv) 3 b) (i) 66 c) (i) decreases
2 9 13 11
2. 7 < 14 < 18 < 14
2
3.
3
4. ₹364
4
5. 15
1 4
6. 16 × 5
is greater
13
7. 6 m
45

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