1 .
Discrete Time Fourier Transform [DTFT]
clc; clear; close all;
x=input('Enter the input sequence x[n]')
L=length(x);
n=0:1:L-1;
subplot(3,1,1);stem(n,x);title('Discrete time signal'); xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');legend('1SI23ET422');
w=0:0.01:2*pi;
for p=1:length(w)
X(p)=0;
for ni=1:length(x)
X(p) =X(p) + x(ni).*exp(-i.*w(p).*n(ni))
end
end
subplot(3,1,2);plot(w,abs(X));xlabel('w in rad');ylabel('|X(e^j^w)|');title('Frequency response of x[n] (DTFT
Magnitude Plot)');
legend('1SI23ET422');
subplot(3,1,3);plot(w,angle(X));xlabel('w in rad');ylabel('Phase of X(e^j^w)');title('Frequency response of x[n] (DTFT
Phase Plot)');
legend('1SI23ET422');
Output
Enter the input sequence x[n] = [ 3 2 2 3]
Enter the input sequence x[n] = [ 0 1 0 -1]
2 . Discrete Fourier Transform
clc;clear;close all;
x=input('enter the input sequence x[n]')
l=length(x);
N=input('enter N-point dft');
if(N>l)
x=[x,zeros(1,(N-l))]
end
%compution of dft
for k=0:1:N-1;
X(k+1)=0;
for n=0:1:N-1;
X(k+1)=X(k+1)+(x(n+1)*exp(1i*2*pi*k*n/N));
end
end
disp(X)
%magnitude and phase
Xm=abs(X);
Xp=angle(X);
%IDFT COMPUTATION
for n=0:1:N-1;
xr(n+1)=0;
for k=0:1:N-1;
xr(n+1)=xr(n+1)+(X(k+1)*exp(-1i*2*pi*k*n/N));
end
end
xr=xr/N;
%plot of graph
k=0:1:N-1;
n=0:1:N-1;
subplot(411);stem(n,x);xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');title('original signal');
legend('1SI23ET422');
subplot(412);stem(k,Xm);xlabel('n');ylabel('Xm[k]');title('magnitudespect');
legend('1SI23ET422');
hold on
plot(k,Xm);
subplot(413);stem(k,Xp);xlabel('n');ylabel('Xp[k]');title('phase spect');
legend('1SI23ET422');
subplot(414);stem(n,xr);xlabel('n');ylabel('xr[n]');title('IDFT signal');
legend('1SI23ET422');
Output
Enter the input sequence x[n] = [ 3 2 2 3]
Enter N-point dft = 4
10.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 - 1.0000i 0.0000 + 0.0000i 1.0000 + 1.0000i
Enter the input sequence x[n] = [ 3 2 2 3]
Enter N-point dft = 512
3 . Write a Matlab program to compare the Time taken by discrete method of DFT Computation by FFT
algorithm
clc;clear;close all;
x=input('enter the input sequence x[n]')
l=length(x);
N=input('enter N-point dft');
if(N>l)
x=[x,zeros(1,(N-l))]
end
%compution of dft
disp('The time taken by N-point DFT by Direct Method is')
tic
for k=0:1:N-1;
X(k+1)=0;
for n=0:1:N-1;
X(k+1)=X(k+1)+(x(n+1)*exp(1i*2*pi*k*n/N));
end
end
toc
disp('The time taken by N-point DFT by FFT algorithm is')
tic
X=fft(x,N);
toc
Enter the input sequence x[n] = [ 3 2 2 3]
Enter N-point dft = 4
The time taken by N-point DFT by Direct Method is
Elapsed time is 0.003518 seconds.
The time taken by N-point DFT by FFT algorithm is
Elapsed time is 0.233898 seconds.
4 . Write a matlab program to verify linear filtering application using DFT
%% This is for the Linear Filtering
clc;clear;close all
x=input('Enter the input sequence x[n]')
h=input('Enter the impulse response h[n]')
L1=length(x)
L2=length(h)
N=L1+L2-1
X=fft(x,N)
H=fft(h,N)
Y=X.*H
y=ifft(Y,N)
N1=0:1:L1-1;
subplot(3,1,1),stem(N1,x);xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');title('Input Sequence x[n]');legend('1SI23ET422');
N2=0:1:L2-1;
subplot(3,1,2),stem(N2,h);xlabel('n');ylabel('h[n]');title('System h[n]'); legend('1SI23ET422');
N3=0:1:N-1;
subplot(3,1,3),stem(N3,y);xlabel('n');ylabel('y[n]');title('Linear Filtered output y[n]=x[n]*h[n]')
legend('1SI23ET422');
OUTPUT
5 . Write a matlab Code for Spectral analysis using DFT
Single Tone
clc;clear;close all;
A=5;
f1=1000;
f2=1500;
fs=8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=10;
t=0:ts:cycles/f1;
x=A*sin(2*pi*f1*t)
figure(1)
subplot(311);plot(t,x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');hold on ;stem(t,x);grid on;title('Dualtone Analog siganl');legend('1SI23ET422')
L=length(x);
N=1024;
X=fft(x,N);
Xm=abs(X);
k=0:1:N-1;
fhz=0:fs/N:(N-1)*fs/N;
subplot(312);stem(k,Xm);
xlabel('k');ylabel('|X(k)|');title('Spectrum of Analog signal vs k');legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(313);plot(fhz,Xm);
xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(f)|');title('Spectrum of Analog signal vs f');legend('1SI23ET422');
OUTPUT
Dual Tone
clc;clear;close all;
A=5;
f1=1000;
f2=1500;
fs=8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=10;
t=0:ts:cycles/f1;
x=A*sin(2*pi*f1*t)+A*sin(2*pi*f2*t);
figure(1)
subplot(311);plot(t,x);
xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');hold on ;stem(t,x);grid on;title('Dualtone Analog siganl');legend('1SI23ET422')
L=length(x);
N=1024;
X=fft(x,N);
Xm=abs(X);
k=0:1:N-1;
fhz=0:fs/N:(N-1)*fs/N;
subplot(312);stem(k,Xm);
xlabel('k');ylabel('|X(k)|');title('Spectrum of Analog signal vs k');legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(313);plot(fhz,Xm);
xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(f)|');title('Spectrum of Analog signal vs f');legend('1SI23ET422');
6 . Write a Matlab code to generate DTMF Signal
clc;clear all;close all;
% To define the lower and higher frequencies of telephone keypad
low_freqs = [697,770,852,941]
high_freqs = [1209, 1336, 1477, 1633]
% To display telephone keypad
disp('the telephone keypad matrix is')
disp('1 2 3 A');
disp('4 5 6 B');
disp('7 8 9 C');
disp('* 0 # D');
% To select the lower and higher frequencies of pressed key
key = input('enter any key from the above given set\n','s')
switch(key)
case '1'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '2'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '3'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'A'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '4'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '5'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '6'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'B'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '7'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '8'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '9'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'C'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '*'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '0'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '#'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'D'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(4);
end
% To generate DTMF signal of pressed key
fs = 8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=10;
t=0:ts:cycles/fl;
x = 0.8*sin(2*pi*fl*t)+0.8*sin(2*pi*fh*t);
L=length(x);
% To plot DTMF signal of pressed key and its spectrum
subplot(221);plot(t,x);legend('1SI22ET014')
xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');title('DTMF signal');grid on;axis;
N=1024;
tic
Xm=abs(fft(x,N));
toc
f=0:fs/N:fs*(N-1)/N;
k=0:N-1;
subplot(222);plot(f(1:N/2),Xm(1:N/2));grid on;axis;%plot(f,Xm);
xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(f)|');title('Spectrum of DTMF signal using DFT');grid on;axis;legend('1SI23ET422')
fprintf('The lower and higher frequencies of pressed key are %d and %d\n',fl,fh);legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(223);stem(k(1:N/2),Xm(1:N/2));grid on;axis;legend('1SI23ET422')%plot(f,Xm);
xlabel('k');ylabel('|X(k)|');title('Spectrum of DTMF signal using DFT');grid on;axis;
7. %% DTMF detection using Goertzel algorithm
clc;clear all;close all;
% To define the lower and higher frequencies of telephone keypad
low_freqs = [697,770,852,941]
high_freqs = [1209, 1336, 1477, 1633]
% To display telephone keypad
disp('the telephone keypad matrix is')
disp('1 2 3 A');
disp('4 5 6 B');
disp('7 8 9 C');
disp('* 0 # D');
% To select the lower and higher frequencies of pressed key
key = input('enter any key from the above given set\n','s')
switch(key)
case '1'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '2'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '3'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'A'
fl = low_freqs(1);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '4'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '5'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '6'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'B'
fl = low_freqs(2);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '7'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '8'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '9'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'C'
fl = low_freqs(3);
fh = high_freqs(4);
case '*'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(1);
case '0'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(2);
case '#'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(3);
case 'D'
fl = low_freqs(4);
fh = high_freqs(4);
end
% To generate DTMF signal of pressed key
fs = 8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=10;
t=0:ts:cycles/fl;
x = 0.8*sin(2*pi*fl*t)+0.8*sin(2*pi*fh*t);
L=length(x);
% To plot DTMF signal of pressed key and its spectrum
subplot(221);plot(t,x);legend('1SI23ET422')
xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');title('DTMF signal');grid on;axis;
N=1024;
tic
Xm=abs(fft(x,N));
toc
f=0:fs/N:fs*(N-1)/N;
k=0:N-1;
subplot(222);plot(f(1:N/2),Xm(1:N/2));grid on;axis;%plot(f,Xm);
xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(f)|');title('Spectrum of DTMF signal using DFT');grid on;axis;legend('1SI23ET422')
fprintf('The lower and higher frequencies of pressed key are %d and %d\n',fl,fh);legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(223);stem(k(1:N/2),Xm(1:N/2));grid on;axis;legend('1SI23ET422')%plot(f,Xm);
xlabel('k');ylabel('|X(k)|');title('Spectrum of DTMF signal using DFT');grid on;axis;
%% DTMF detection using Goertzel algorithm
f = [697 770 852 941 1209 1336 1477 1633];
k = round((f/fs)*N)
L = length(x);
x = [x, zeros(1,N-L)];
tic
for s = 1:8
Xg(s) = goertzel(x,k(s)+1);
end
toc
Xgm = abs(Xg);
subplot(224),stem(k,Xgm);grid on; xlabel('k');ylabel('|X[k]|');legend('1SI23ET422')
title(' DTMF signal detected using Goertzel ');grid on;axis;
OUTPUT
8 . Write a matlab Program to Estimate the Periodicity of Noise Periodic Signal
Single Tone
clc;clear;close all;
A=0.8;
f1=100;
f2=200;
fs=8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=5;
t=0:ts:cycles/f1;
x=A*sin(2*pi*f1*t);
L=length(x);
d=rand(1,L)-0.5;
y=x+d;
figure(1)
subplot(231);plot(t,x);hold on; stem(t,x)
xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');
title('periodic signal')
subplot(233);plot(t,y);xlabel('t');ylabel('y(t)');
title('periodic composite signal currupted by noise');
legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(232);plot(t,d);
Rdd=xcorr(d);
l=-(length(Rdd)-1)/2:1:((length(Rdd)-1)/2);
subplot(235);plot(l,Rdd);
Rxx=xcorr(x);
l=-(length(Rxx)-1)/2:1:((length(Rxx)-1)/2);
subplot(234);plot(l,Rxx);
title('Auto correlation of x(t)');
xlabel('lag l');ylabel('Auto correlation');
Ryy=xcorr(y);
subplot(236);plot(l,Ryy);
title('Auto correlation of y(t)');
xlabel('lag 1');ylabel('Auto correlation');
legend('1SI23ET422')
Dual Tone
clc;clear;close all;
A=0.8;
f1=100;
f2=200;
fs=8000;
ts=1/fs;
cycles=5;
t=0:ts:cycles/f1;
x=A*sin(2*pi*f1*t)+A*cos(2*pi*f2*t);
L=length(x);
d=rand(1,L)-0.5;
y=x+d;
figure(1)
subplot(231);plot(t,x);hold on; stem(t,x)
xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');
title('periodic signal')
subplot(233);plot(t,y);xlabel('t');ylabel('y(t)');
title('periodic composite signal currupted by noise');
legend('1SI23ET422')
subplot(232);plot(t,d);
Rdd=xcorr(d);
l=-(length(Rdd)-1)/2:1:((length(Rdd)-1)/2);
subplot(235);plot(l,Rdd);
Rxx=xcorr(x);
l=-(length(Rxx)-1)/2:1:((length(Rxx)-1)/2);
subplot(234);plot(l,Rxx);
title('Auto correlation of x(t)');
xlabel('lag l');ylabel('Auto correlation');
Ryy=xcorr(y);
subplot(236);plot(l,Ryy);
title('Auto correlation of y(t)');
xlabel('lag 1');ylabel('Auto correlation');
legend('1SI23ET422')
9 . Windows Function
clc;clear all;close all;
N=51;
n=0:1:N-1;
figure(1);
w=boxcar(N);
W=fft(w,512);
Wmag=abs(W);
gain=20*log10(Wmag);
subplot(211);stem(n,w);title("rectangular window");legend("1SI23ET422");ylabel("w(n)");xlabel("n")
subplot(212);plot(gain);ylabel("gain in db");xlabel("w in radians");title("frequency response of rectangular
window");
figure(2);
w=bartlett(N);
W=fft(w,512);
Wmag=abs(W);
gain=20*log10(Wmag);
subplot(211);stem(n,w);title("triangular window");legend("1SI23ET422");ylabel("w(n)");xlabel("n")
subplot(212);plot(gain);ylabel("gain in db");xlabel("w in radians");title("frequency response of triangular window");
figure(3);
w=hanning(N);
W=fft(w,512);
Wmag=abs(W);
gain=20*log10(Wmag);
subplot(211);stem(n,w);title("hanning window");legend("1SI23ET422");ylabel("w(n)");xlabel("n")
subplot(212);plot(gain);ylabel("gain in db");xlabel("w in radians");title("frequency response of hanning window");
figure(4);
w=hamming(N);
W=fft(w,512);
Wmag=abs(W);
gain=20*log10(Wmag);
subplot(211);stem(n,w);title("hamming window");legend("1SI23ET422");
subplot(212);plot(gain);ylabel("gain in db");xlabel("w in radians");title("frequency response of hamming window");
figure(5);
w=blackman(N);
W=fft(w,512);
Wmag=abs(W);
gain=20*log10(Wmag);
subplot(211);stem(n,w);title("blackman window");legend("1SI23ET422");
subplot(212);plot(gain);ylabel("gain in db");xlabel("w in radians");title("frequency response of blackman
window");
10. Design , Implement and Verify Digital FIR Low pass Filter for the given specifications.
Frequency in HZ
clc;clear;close all;
% Analog specifications in HZ
fp=input('enter the pass band edge frequency in Hz');
fs=input('enter the stop band edge frequency in Hz');
Fs=input('enter the sampling frequency in Hz');
ks=input('enter the stopband attenuation in dB');
k=input('enter the value of k depending on window type');
wp=2*pi*fp*1/Fs
ws=2*pi*fs*1/Fs
dw = ws-wp;
N = ceil(2*pi*k/dw);
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1
end
wc=wp+dw/2
alpha=(N-1)/2;
n=0:1:N-1;
hd=sin(wc*(n-alpha))./(pi*(n-alpha))
hd(alpha+1)=wc/pi
win=hamming(N) %boxcar(N),bartlett(N),hann(N),blackman(N)
h=hd.*win'
% Impulse response h[n]- symmetric about mid point alpha=(N-1)/2
figure(1);
subplot(311);stem(n,hd);xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd[n]');
title('ideal impulse response hd[n]');
subplot(312);stem(n,win);xlabel('n'); ylabel('w[n]');
title('window function w[n]');
subplot(313);stem(n,h);xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]');
title('impulse response h[n]');
% Frequency response of FIR LPF in dB
w = 0:0.0001:pi;
H = freqz(h,1,w);
figure(2);
subplot(211);plot(w,20*log10(abs(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('G(ejw)');
title('magnitude response of FIR LPF in dB')
subplot(212);plot(w,unwrap(angle(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('angle[H(ejw)]');
title('phase response of FIR LPF');
FIR in Radians
clc;clear;close all;
% Digital specifications in radians
wp=input('enter the passband edge frequency in radian')
ws=input('enter the stopband edge frequency in radian')
ks=input('enter the stopband attenuation in dB');
k=input('enter the value of k depending on window type');
% Calculation of order and cutoff frequency
dw = ws-wp;
N = ceil(2*pi*k/dw);
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1
end
wc=wp+dw/2
% Impulse response of the filter
alpha=(N-1)/2;
n=0:1:N-1;
hd=sin(wc*(n-alpha))./(pi*(n-alpha))
hd(alpha+1)=wc/pi
win=hamming(N) %boxcar(N),bartlett(N),hann(N),blackman(N)
h=hd.*win'
% Impulse response h[n]- symmetric about mid point alpha=(N-1)/2
figure(1);
subplot(311);stem(n,hd);xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd[n]');
title('ideal impulse response hd[n]');
subplot(312);stem(n,win);xlabel('n'); ylabel('w[n]');
title('window function w[n]');
subplot(313);stem(n,h);xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]');
title('impulse response h[n]');
% Frequency response of FIR LPF in dB
w = 0:0.0001:pi;
H = freqz(h,1,w);
figure(2);
subplot(211);plot(w,20*log10(abs(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('G(ejw)');
title('magnitude response of FIR LPF in dB')
subplot(212);plot(w,unwrap(angle(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('angle[H(ejw)]');
title('phase response of FIR LPF');
figure(3)
zplane(h,1)
Change the window function to blackman
clc;clear;close all;
% Digital specifications in radians
wp=input('enter the passband edge frequency in radian')
ws=input('enter the stopband edge frequency in radian')
ks=input('enter the stopband attenuation in dB');
k=input('enter the value of k depending on window type');
% Calculation of order and cutoff frequency
dw = ws-wp;
N = ceil(2*pi*k/dw);
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1
end
wc=wp+dw/2
% Impulse response of the filter
alpha=(N-1)/2;
n=0:1:N-1;
hd=sin(wc*(n-alpha))./(pi*(n-alpha))
hd(alpha+1)=wc/pi
win=blackman(N) %boxcar(N),bartlett(N),hann(N),blackman(N)
h=hd.*win'
% Impulse response h[n]- symmetric about mid point alpha=(N-1)/2
figure(1);
subplot(311);stem(n,hd);xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd[n]');
title('ideal impulse response hd[n]');
subplot(312);stem(n,win);xlabel('n'); ylabel('w[n]');
title('window function w[n]');
subplot(313);stem(n,h);xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]');
title('impulse response h[n]');
% Frequency response of FIR LPF in dB
w = 0:0.0001:pi;
H = freqz(h,1,w);
figure(2);
subplot(211);plot(w,20*log10(abs(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('G(ejw)');
title('magnitude response of FIR LPF in dB')
subplot(212);plot(w,unwrap(angle(H)));grid on
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('angle[H(ejw)]');
title('phase response of FIR LPF');
figure(3)
zplane(h,1)
11 . Verification of FIR
clc;clear;close all;
A = 0.8;
f1 = 1000;
f2 = 3000;
Fs = 8000;
t = 0:1/Fs:10/f1;
x = A*sin(2*pi*f1*t)+A*sin(2*pi*f2*t);
%b=input('enter the numz of H(z)'); % [0.2888 0.5775 0.2888]
%a=input('enter the denz of H(z)'); % [1.0000 -0.0166 0.1716]
h=[-1.55926873300775e-18 -0.00188521727268919 2.24174925616598e-18 0.00385703381668363
-4.18528935269118e-18 -0.00823084814773127 7.09400266112223e-18 0.0159246351743168
-1.05250639478023e-17 -0.0286361372156633 1.39561252344824e-17 0.0506470694906900
-1.68648385429134e-17 -0.0978777458205356 1.88083786394386e-17 0.315496417988156
0.500000000000000 0.315496417988156 1.88083786394386e-17 -0.0978777458205356
-1.68648385429134e-17 0.0506470694906900 1.39561252344824e-17 -0.0286361372156633
-1.05250639478023e-17 0.0159246351743168 7.09400266112223e-18 -0.00823084814773127
-4.18528935269118e-18 0.00385703381668363 2.24174925616598e-18 -0.00188521727268919
-1.55926873300775e-18];
y=filter(h,1,x);
% To plot the signal in time domain domain
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1);plot(t,x);xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');
title('input signal to the filter');
subplot(2,1,2);plot(t,y);xlabel('t');ylabel('y(t)');
title('output of the filter');
% To plot the signal in frequency domain
N=1024;
X=fft(x,N);
Y=fft(y,N);
f=0:Fs/N:(N-1)*Fs/N;
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);plot(f,abs(X));xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(k)|');
title('frequencies of input signal to the filter')
subplot(2,1,2);plot(f,abs(Y));xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|Y(k)|');
title('frequency present in output signal after filtering')
Change the values
clc;clear;close all;
A = 0.8;
f1 = 1000;
f2 = 6000;
Fs = 11000;
t = 0:1/Fs:10/f1;
x = A*sin(2*pi*f1*t)+A*sin(2*pi*f2*t);
%b=input('enter the numz of H(z)'); % [0.2888 0.5775 0.2888]
%a=input('enter the denz of H(z)'); % [1.0000 -0.0166 0.1716]
h=[-1.55926873300775e-18 -0.00188521727268919 2.24174925616598e-18 0.00385703381668363
-4.18528935269118e-18 -0.00823084814773127 7.09400266112223e-18 0.0159246351743168
-1.05250639478023e-17 -0.0286361372156633 1.39561252344824e-17 0.0506470694906900
-1.68648385429134e-17 -0.0978777458205356 1.88083786394386e-17 0.315496417988156
0.500000000000000 0.315496417988156 1.88083786394386e-17 -0.0978777458205356
-1.68648385429134e-17 0.0506470694906900 1.39561252344824e-17 -0.0286361372156633
-1.05250639478023e-17 0.0159246351743168 7.09400266112223e-18 -0.00823084814773127
-4.18528935269118e-18 0.00385703381668363 2.24174925616598e-18 -0.00188521727268919
-1.55926873300775e-18];
y=filter(h,1,x);
% To plot the signal in time domain domain
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1);plot(t,x);xlabel('t');ylabel('x(t)');
title('input signal to the filter');
subplot(2,1,2);plot(t,y);xlabel('t');ylabel('y(t)');
title('output of the filter');
% To plot the signal in frequency domain
N=1024;
X=fft(x,N);
Y=fft(y,N);
f=0:Fs/N:(N-1)*Fs/N;
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);plot(f,abs(X));xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|X(k)|');
title('frequencies of input signal to the filter')
subplot(2,1,2);plot(f,abs(Y));xlabel('f in Hz');ylabel('|Y(k)|');
title('frequency present in output signal after filtering')
12. Hilbert Transform
clc;clear all;close all;
N = 11;
alpha = (N-1)/2;
n = 0:1:N-1;
hd = (2*sin(pi*(n-alpha)/2).^2)./(pi*(n-alpha))
hd(alpha+1) = 0
win = hamming(N) % change the window function
h = hd.*win'
figure(1);
subplot(221); stem(n,hd);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd[n]');title('infinite impulse response')
subplot(222); stem(n,win);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('w[n]');title('finite and causal window')
subplot(223); stem(n,h);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]=hd[n]xw[n]');title('finite impulse response')
w = -pi:0.0001:pi;
H = freqz(h,1,w);
H_mag = abs(H);
subplot(224);plot(w,H_mag);
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude response of Hilbert transformer')
N=101;
13 . Differentiator
clc;clear;close all;
N = 7;
alpha = (N-1)/2;
n = 0:1:N-1;
hd = (cos(pi*(n-alpha)))./(n-alpha)
hd(alpha+1) = 0
win = hamming(N) % change the window function
h = hd.*win'
figure(1);
subplot(221); stem(n,hd);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd[n]');title('infinite impulse response')
subplot(222); stem(n,win);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('w[n]');title('finite and causal window')
subplot(223); stem(n,h);
xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]=hd[n]xw[n]');title('finite impulse response')
w = -pi:0.0001:pi;
H = freqz(h,1,w);
H_mag = abs(H);
subplot(224);plot(w,H_mag);
xlabel('w in radians'); ylabel('magnitude');title('magnitude response of differentiator')
N = 101 ;
