gE | know that in medical, they use ICD 10 for diagnosis encoding, what encoding they use for symptoms? nthe medical field, there is no specific encoding system for symptoms. Symptoms are often described and documented in free text format in a pai systems have symptom checklists and standardized terminology for nt's medical record. However, some Electronic Health Record (EHR) documenting symptoms, such as SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) or LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes). gE What are those? And how those encoding works? SNOMED CT and LOINC are standardized terminologies used in the medical field. SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Mex comprehensive and multilingual clinical healthcare terminology that provides a ine Clinical Terms) is a standardized way of representing clinical concepts and information in a consistent and precise manner. It covers a wide range of medical concepts, including symptoms, diseases, procedures, and observations. LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) is a widely-used terminology system for identifying laboratory and clinical observations, such as laboratory test results, vital signs, and symptoms. LOINC provides unique, standardized codes and names for laboratory and clinical observations, allowing for consistent and accurate exchange of data across different healthcare organizations. Both SNOMED CT and LOINC allow for consistent and accurate representation and exchange of clinical data across different healthcare systems, proving nt care and facilitating data analysis and research. gE Currently in our SOAP data the symptoms is recorded using free text, but now management want to make the symptoms data more structured, what approach should | use?To make the symptoms data more structured, you can consider using a 0 standardized terminology system such as SNOMED CT or LOINC. Here's a general approach you could take: ‘Assess your current data: Analyze your current data to determine the types of symptoms being recorded and the frequency of their occurrence. This will help you determine which standardized terminology to use and the level of granularity needed. 2. Choose a standardized terminology: Based on your data analysis, choose a standardized terminology that is appropriate for your needs. Both SNOMED. CT and LOINC can be used to encade symptoms, but SNOMED CT is more comprehensive and covers a wider range of medical concepts. 3. Map your data to the standardized terminology: Once you have chosen a standardized terminology, map the free-text symptoms in your data to the appropriate codes in the standardized terminology. This may require some manual effort to ensure accurate mapping and to eliminate any inconsistencies in the data. 4, Implement the mapping in your system: Implement the mapping in your electronic health record (EHR) system or software. This may involve mod ing the existing data structures, creating new fields to store the codes, or developing custom scripts or algorithms to automate the mapping process. 5. Validate the mapping: Once the mapping has been implemented, validate the data to ensure that the mapping is accurate and complete. You may also want to perform quality control checks to ensure that the data is consistent and complete. 6. Monitor the data: Regularly monitor the data to ensure that it remains accurate and complete, and make any necessary updates or changes to the mapping as needed. By adopting a standardized terminology for encoding symptoms, you can make your data more structured, consistent, and accurate, which can help improve patient care and support data analysis and research. The problem is: 1. Currently our symptoms data is in Indonesian language 2.1s hard to force doctors to input symptoms using complicated format like LOINC or SNOMED (due to language barrier) Instead of using standardized terminology like LOINC or SNOMED, can | implement some standard in our language using whatever historical symptoms data that we have?‘Yes, you can implement a standard in your language using your historical symptoms data. This approach is known as natural language processing (NLP) and can involve using machine learning algorithms to analyze your historical data and identify patterns in the way symptoms are described. Here's a general approach you could take 1. Preprocess the data: Prepare the historical symptoms data for analysis by leaning, transforming, and normalizing it. This may involve converting the data into a standard format, removing irrelevant information, and resolving inconsistencies or duplicates. 2. Train a machine learning model: Train a machine learning model, such as a classification or clustering algorithm, on the preprocessed data. The model can then be used to identify patterns in the way symptoms are described and to categorize symptoms into meaningful groups. 3. Evaluate the model: Evaluate the performance of the model using various metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, to ensure that itis working as expected. If the performance is not satisfactory, you may need to adjust the model or retrain it on additional data 4, Create a standard: Based on the results of the machine learning model, create a standard for encoding symptoms in your language. This may involve defining a set of categories or groups for symptoms and providing standardized terms or codes for each category. 5. Implement the standard in your system: Implement the standard in your electronic health record (EHR) system or software. This may involve modifying the existing data structures, creating new fields to store the codes, or developing custom scripts or algorithms to automate the mapping process. 6. Validate the data: Regularly validate the data to ensure that it is consistent and complete and that the standard is being properly applied. You may also want to perform quality control checks to ensure that the data is accurate and that the standard is being followed consistently. By implementing a standard based on your historical data, you can make your symptoms data more structured and consistent, while also taking into account the language barrier faced by your doctors But if using classification, | will need the data to be labeled first, which may lead to another problems, le i i a aid -pmost similar data, let's say these words: (nyeri, nyut-nyutan, kepala nyut nyult) are the same, so all of those will be replaced by the word nyeri What do you think? And how to approach that? Using an unsupervised approach, such as clustering, to group similar symptoms is a good idea. Here's a general approach you could take: Preprocess the data: Prepare the historical symptoms data for analysis by leaning, transforming, and normalizing it. This may involve converting the data into a standard format, removing irrelevant information, and resolving inconsistencies or duplicates. 2. Vectorize the data: Convert the text data into numerical representations, such as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vectors or word embeddings, that can be used as input for the clustering algorithm. 3. Train a clustering algorithm: Train a clustering algorithm, such as k-means or hierarchical clustering, on the vectorized data. The algorithm will then group the symptoms into clusters based on their similarity. 4, Evaluate the clusters: Evaluate the performance of the clustering algorithm by analyzing the quality and stability of the clusters. You may want to adjust the number of clusters, the distance metric, or the algorithm parameters to achieve better results 5. Define a standard: Based on the results of the clustering algorithm, define a standard for encoding symptoms in your language. This may involve selecting a representative term or code for each cluster and providing a standardized term or code for each symptom. 6. Implement the standard in your system: Implement the standard in your electronic health record (EHR) system or software. This may involve modifying the existing data structures, creating new fields to store the codes, or developing custom scripts or algorithms to automate the mapping process. 7. Validate the data: Regularly validate the data to ensure that it is consistent and complete and that the standard is being properly applied. You may also want to perform quality control checks to ensure that the data is accurate and that the standard is being followed consistently. By using an unsupervised approach, you can avoid the need for manual labeling of the data, which can be time-consuming and prone to error. The clustering algorithm will group similar symptoms based on their similarity, allowing you to define a standard that is consistent with the way symptoms are described in your language. igE Which one is better, using simple approach like TF-IDF or word2vec based model? The choice between using a simple approach like TF-IDF or a more advanced model ike word2vec will depend on your specific needs and resources. Here are some pros and cons of each approach: TE-IDF: Pros: Easy to implement: TE-IDF is a simple and widely used technique for converting text into numerical representations, making it easy to implement and understand. Fast: TF-IDF is computationally efficient, which makes it suitable for large- scale text data. Cons: * Limited ability to capture semantic relationships: TF-IDF does not capture the meaning of words or the relationships between words, which can result in poor performance for tasks like clustering or classification, Word2vec: Pros: Captures semantic relationships: Word2vec is a neural network-based approach that captures the meaning of words and the relationships between words. This makes it suitable for tasks like clustering or classification, where semantic relationships are important. Improved performance: Word2vec has been shown to achieve better performance than TF-IDF for many NLP tasks, including clustering and dlassification. Cons: More complex: Word2vec is a more complex and computationally intensive technique than TF-IDE, making it more challenging to implement and understand. More data needed: Word2vec requires a large amount of data to train, which may not be available in some cases. ie aeriecal eae Heo Lanes ial of ide ond ie ics cic aerelationships between words, word2vec may be a better choice. If you have limited data or computational resources, or if you just want to get started quickly, TF-IDF may be a simpler and more straightforward approach. I'm sorry, | mean use pretrain open source word2vec model, not training word2vec model from scratch Using a pre-trained word2vec model is a good idea if you have limited data or computational resources, as it avoids the need to train a large model from scratch. Here's a general approach you could take: Download a pre-trained word2vec model: There are many pre-trained wordavec models available for download, such as the Google News model, the Wikipedia model, or the fastText model. Choose a model that is well- suited for your language and domain. 2. Praprocess the data: Prepare the historical symptoms data for analysis by cleaning, transforming, and normalizing it. This may involve converting the data into a standard format, removing irrelevant information, and resolving inconsistencies or duplicates. 3. Vectorize the data: Convert the text data into numerical representations, such as word embeddings, using the pre-trained word2vec model. This involves mapping each word in the symptoms data to a fixed-length vector cof numbers that represents its meaning and context. 4, Train a clustering algorithm: Train a clustering algorithm, such as k-means or hierarchical clustering, on the vectorized data. The algorithm will then group the symptoms into clusters based on their similarity. 5. Evaluate the clusters: Evaluate the performance of the clustering algorithm by analyzing the quality and stability of the clusters. You may want to adjust the number of clusters, the distance metric, or the algorithm parameters to achieve better results. 6. Define a standard: Based on the results of the clustering algorithm, define a standard for encoding symptoms in your language. This may involve selecting a representative term or code for each cluster and providing a standardized term or code for each symptom. 7. Implement the standard in your system: Implement the standard in your electronic health record (EHR) system or software. This may involve modifying the existing data structures, creating new fields to store the codes, or developing custom scripts or algorithms to automate the mapping process Be Melidatat his chk agli vedio Whe sks to Gren aol kc: conorand complete and that the standard is being properly applied. You may also want to perform quality control checks to ensure that the data is accurate and that the standard is being followed consistently. By using a pre-trained word2vec model, you can leverage the knowledge captured by the model to group similar symptoms based on their semantic relationships. This can result in a more accurate and meaningful standard for encoding symptoms in your language. Based on your current knowledge and my problems that I mentioned earlier (symptoms language that is just free text and in Indonesian language) list out pretrain wordvec model that | can use Here are some pre-trained word2vec models that you may consider using for SP grouping similar symptoms in Indonesian language: 1. FastText: FastText is a library developed by Facebook Al that provides pre~ trained word embeddings for over 170 languages, including Indonesian. The pre-trained models can be used to perform tasks such as text classification, text similarity, and word analogy. 2. Gensim Word2Vec: Gensim is a popular Python library for topic modeling, document indexing, and similarity retrieval. It provides pre-trained word2vec models for various languages, including Indonesian, that can be used for clustering similar words, 3. MultiVec: MultiVec is a multi-lingual word embedding model that provides pre-trained vectors for over 60 languages, including Indonesian. The model was trained on large amounts of text data and is designed to capture cross- lingual relationships between words. 4. BERT: BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is a powerful language model developed by Google that provides pre-trained word embeddings for many languages, including Indonesian. Although BERT is primarily used for natural language processing tasks such as sentiment analysis and question answering, its pre-trained word embeddings can also be used for clustering similar words. Please note that these models were trained on large amounts of text data and may not be perfectly suited for your specific use case. You may need to fine- tune the models or use a combination of models to achieve the best results. It is also important to carefully evaluate the quality and accuracy of the pre- trained models to ensure that they are appropriate for your needs4 (ChatGPT Jan 30 Version. Free Research Preview. Our goals to make Al systems more natural and safe to interact with, Your feedback ull help us improve,