Gopalan College of Engineering and Management
(ISO 9001:2015)
Approved by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi, Karnataka
Recognised by Govt. of Karnataka
Address: 181/1, 182/1, Sonnenahalli, Hoodi, K.R.Puram, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 048
Phone No: (080) - 42229748 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gopalancolleges.com/gcem
MODULE-WISE SOLUTIONS
Year / Semester II / IV
Course Code BAE401
Course Name Aero Engineering Thermodynamics
Module 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics
June/July 2023
1. State Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements and show that they are equivalent.
(10 Marks)
Kelvin – Plank statement: “It is impossible to construct a heat engine which
operating in a cycle will produce no other effect than the extraction of heat from a
single heat reservoir and perform an equivalent amount of work.”
Clausius statement:
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Equivalence of Kelvin – Plank and Clausius statements:
(i) Violation of Clausius statement leading to violation of Kelvin – Plank statement
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
(ii) Violation of Kelvin – Plank statement leading to violation of Clausius statement
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
2. A reversible heat engine operates with two environments. In the first, it draws
12000 kW from a source at 400 o C and in second it draws 25000 kW from a
source at 100 o C. In both the operations, the engine rejects heat to a thermal sink
at 20˚C. Determine the operation in which the engine delivers more power.
(10 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
July/August 2022 18AE/AS32
3. Represent schematically and give performance equation for i) Heat engine ii)
Refrigerator iii) Heat pump. Prove that (COP)HP = (COP)refrigerator + 1.
(04 Marks)
i) Heat engine
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
ii) Refrigerator
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
iii) Heat pump
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
4. State Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics
and show that they are equivalent. (08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 1
5. A reversible refrigerator operates between 35ºC and -15ºC. If heat rejected to
35ºC is 1.5 kW, determine the rate at which heat is leaking into refrigerator.
(08 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
July/August 2022 17AE33
6. Prove that the violation of Kelvin – Planck statement implies the violation of
clausius statement, for second law of thermodynamics. (10 Marks)
(i) Violation of Kelvin – Plank statement leading to violation of Clausius statement
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
7. A cycle heat engine operates between a source temperature of 800C and a sink
temperature of 30C. what is the least rate of heat rejection per KW net output
of the engine. (10 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Jan./Feb. 2021 18AE/AS32
8. Write Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics.
Show that violation of Clausius statement leads to the possibility of a perpetual
motion of second type. (10 Marks)
Kelvin – Plank statement: “It is impossible to construct a heat engine which
operating in a cycle will produce no other effect than the extraction of heat from a
single heat reservoir and perform an equivalent amount of work.”
Clausius statement:
Violation of Clausius statement leading to violation of Kelvin – Plank statement
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
9. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperature 700 C
and 50 C. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between
reservoirs at temperature of 50 C and -25 C. The heat transfer to the engine is
2500 kJ and the net work output of the combined engine refrigerator plant is 400
kJ.
i) Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the
reservoir at 50 C.
ii) Reconsider (i) given that the efficiency of the heat engine and the COP of the
refrigerator are each 45 percent of their maximum possible values. (10 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Jan./Feb. 2021 17AE/AS33
10. State Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics
and show that they are equivalent. (08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 1
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
11. A reversible engine operates between temperature T H and TI with TH > TI. The
energy rejected from this engine is utilized for driving another reversible engine
which operates between the temperature limits T I and TL with TI > TL. For this
arrangement show that:
(i) The temperature T I is the arithmetic mean of the temperature T H and TL, if
both the engines produce equal amount of work.
(ii) The temperature T I is geometric mean of the temperature T H and TL when
both the engines have the same thermal efficiency. (12 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Dec.2019/Jan.2020 18AE/AS32
12. State Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics
and show that they are equivalent. (08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 1
13. A reversible engine operates between temperature T H and TI with TH > TI. The
energy rejected from this engine is utilized for driving another reversible engine
which operates between the temperature limits T I and TL with TI > TL. For this
arrangement show that:
(i) The temperature T I is the arithmetic mean of the temperature T H and TL, if
both the engines produce equal amount of work.
(ii) The temperature T I is geometric mean of the temperature T H and TL when
both the engines have the same thermal efficiency. (12 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 11
Dec.2019/Jan.2020 17AE33
14. State Kelvin plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics
and show that they are equivalent. (08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 1
15. A reversible engine operates between temperature T H and TI with TH > TI. The
energy rejected from this engine is utilized for driving another reversible engine
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
which operates between the temperature limits T I and TL with TI > TL. For this
arrangement show that:
(i) The temperature T I is the arithmetic mean of the temperature T H and TL, if
both the engines produce equal amount of work.
(ii) The temperature T I is geometric mean of the temperature T H and TL when
both the engines have the same thermal efficiency. (12 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 11
Aug./Sept. 2020 18AE32
16. Write Kelvin-Plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics.
Show that violation of Clausius statement leads to the possibility of a perpetual
motion machine of second type. (10 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 8
17. Series combination of three Carnot engines A, B and C operates between
temperatures of 1500 K and 300 K. If the amount of heat addition to each engine
is in the ratio of 6 : 3 : 2. Calculate the intermediate temperature. (10 Marks)
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
Aug./Sept. 2020 17AE/AS33
18. Represent schematically and give performance equation for,
(i) Heat engine, (ii) Refrigerator, (iii) Heat pump.
Prove that (COP)HP = (COP)refrigerator + 1 (04 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 3
19. State Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics
and show that they are equivalent. (08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 1
20. A reversible refrigerator operates between 35°C and -15 o C. If heat rejected to
35°C is 1.5 kW, determine the rate at which heat is leaking into refrigerator.
(08 Marks)
Refer solution to Q. No. 5
Prof. Saviraj A S, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, GCEM, Bengaluru
