BSc CS - DBMS Full Notes (Simplified &

Detailed)
Prepared for BSc Computer Science students following a simplified and clear format.
Unit 1: Database Architecture
 **Introduction to Database system applications.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Characteristics and Purpose of database approach.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **People associated with Database system.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Data models.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Database schema.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Database architecture.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Data independence.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Database languages, interfaces, and classification of DBMS.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
Unit 2: E-R Model
 **Entity-Relationship modeling: E – R Model Concepts.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Entity, Entity types, Entity sets.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Attributes, Types of attributes, key attribute, and domain of an attribute.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Relationships between the entities.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Relationship types, roles and structural constraints.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Degree and cardinality ratio of a relationship.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Weak entity types.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **E -R diagram.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
Unit 3: Relational Data Model
 **Relational model concepts and characteristics of relations.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Relational model constraints: Domain, key, primary & foreign key, integrity constraints
and null values.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Relational Algebra operations and Set operations.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **JOIN operations, Aggregate Functions and Grouping.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Nested Sub Queries and Views.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Introduction to PL/SQL & programming of above operations in PL/SQL.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
Unit 4: Data Normalization
 **Anomalies in relational database design.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Decomposition and Functional dependencies.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF).**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
Unit 5: Transaction Processing and Concurrency Control
 **Introduction to Transaction Processing: Single user & multiuser systems.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Transactions: read & write operations.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Need of concurrency control: Lost update problem, Dirty read problem.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.
This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Types of failures and Transaction states.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **ACID properties of Transactions.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Concurrency Control Techniques: Locks and Timestamp Ordering.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

 **Deadlock & Starvation.**

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.

This section elaborates on the topic with clear, simple explanations. Real-life examples,
diagrams, or analogies may be included to help understand the concept better. Additional
subtopics and use-cases will also be discussed.