Quiz 1
Unit 4: Development
1. Define the term and idea of "development" from multiple perspectives.
- Economic Growth: The of all economic activity compared to previous years.
o Often measured in a perc. growth rate, or GPD per capita. (% growth rate mean
how much it has grown or shrinked compared to the past, GPD per capita means
how much money does each person on avg. get from the country’s total income)
- Geographer: Development means improvement in the quality of life and environment
o How physical space, location, and resources affect access to education, healthcare,
clean water, jobs, etc.
- Sociologist: Development means progress in society better living standards, social
equality, education, and reduced poverty.
o How development impacts people, class, gender, communities etc.
- Economist: Development is about economic growth more jobs, higher income,
increased production and trade
o Focus on GDP, income per capita, employment rates, and wealth distribution
- Politician: Development is the gov.’s ability to provide for people building roads,
schools, hospitals, and creating fair laws
o Focus on national policies, stability, and power
2. Identify measurements related to the concept of development.
- Standards of Living: deg. of wealth and material comfort available to a person or
community.
o a subjective measurement
o non-economic goal focuses on how ppl. Live, not just how much they earn
o Focuses on: Access to electricity, clean water, affordable transport etc.
- Quality of Life:
a. Political/ Religious Freedom: free to choose what they believe in, vote, practice their
religion
b. Environmental Health: a healthy natural environment that helps people enjoy outdoor
life
c. Happiness: how people feel in their daily lives
- Short Term (5 years and below)
- Long Term (5 years and greater)
- Wide range of measurement:
a. Economic: how much money ppl. make, how many jobs, how rich or poor a country
b. Social: education, healthcare, and how people live
c. Political: government, laws, and freedom to vote
o Purchasing Power: how much stuff you can buy with money
High Purchasing Power Your Money buys more
Low Purchasing Power Your Money buys less
3. Understand the labels used to describe development levels of nations.
- Old Labels
a. First World: Rich, Western, democratic countries
o USA, Canada, UK
b. Second World: Communist countries
o Soviet Union (Russia), China
c. Third World: poor but still developing
o Africa, Asia, Latin America
i. Old Industrialized Countries:
Already rich, advanced tech
E.g South Korea
ii. Newly Industrialized Economies: used to be poor, but in last 30-50 years got rich
E.g USA
iii. Emerging Economies: growing fast, a mix of rich and poor areas
E.g. Vietnam
iV. LDC: poorest country, weak economies
E.g Kenya
V. Oil Rich Coutries: a lot of oil
E.g Qatar
VI. Centrally Planned Economies: the government controls the economy instead of free
businesses
E.g North Korea
4. Differentiate between concepts of GDP, GNP, and GNI – Assess their meaning via real world
examples.
Economic Indicators
- Formal Economy: Eco. activities that are recognized by law and
overseen by the government
o E.g Doctors👩🏻⚕️, teachers
- Informal Economy: Eco. activities and jobs that are not regulated or
protected by gov
o Street vendors, domestic work, unregistered small buisness
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): total values of all goods and
services made inside a country
- GDP=C (Private Consumption) + I (Investment)+G ( Government
Expenditures)+ (X-M) (Export-Imports)
- GNP (Gross National Product): the total value of goods and services
produced by the citizens of a country in a given year
o includes citizens of that country who are working and investing
overseas
o excluded non-citizens who worked or invested in the country
o GNP=A +(B−C)
A= GDP B=Income earned by citizens working & investing
overseas C=Income earned by non-citizens
GNP
- GNP per capita=
Total Population
- Why may GNP and similar measurements not always the best thing tool
to determine development?
o They are an average figure.
o Does not consider the local cost of living.
o Does not reflect “informal” economic activities
o Environmental cost caused by industrial and economic growth.
Term Full Name What it Measures Includes Excludes Example
Anything made or Money made
The total value of A Japanese car
Gross done inside the outside the
all goods and factory in Vietnam
GDP Domestic country, even by country by its
services made counts toward
Product foreign own people or
inside a country Vietnam's GDP
companies businesses
The total value of Anything made Money made A Vietnamese
Gross all goods and by the country’s inside the company earning
GNP National services made by a people or country by money in the US
Product country's people companies foreign counts toward
and companies anywhere businesses Vietnam's GNP
- GNI (Gross National Income) : total amount of income generated by
a country’s residents and businesses, both domestically and abroad, in
a given year
Full
Term What it Measures Includes Focus Example
Name
The total value of Income from
A Filipino company
Gross goods and services products and
earning money in
GNP National made by a country’s services made by Production
Dubai counts in the
Product citizens and nationals at home
Philippines' GNP
businesses and abroad
GNI Gross The total income GNP plus net Income (not Salaries Filipinos earn
National earned by a income from production) overseas also count in
Full
Term What it Measures Includes Focus Example
Name
abroad (like
country’s people and
Income wages, rents, the Philippines' GNI
businesses
interest, etc.)
5. Identify sectors of economic activities and summarize the meaning from employment
triangle graphs
- Primary Industries: focusing on the extraction of natural resources
- Secondary Industries: focused on manufacturing of raw materials.
- Tertiary Industries: services, banking, tourism, and education
6. SWBAT make generalizations about population density and distributions
- Dot Distribution Map: a type of thematic map that uses a point
symbol to visualize the geographic distribution of a large number of
related phenomena
- Population Density: the number of ppl. per unit of area, “per sq.
kilometer”
7. SWABT identify demographic indicators of development and use them to
make real world influences.
- Demography: Study of the size, structure, growth, distribution, and
movement of a population
- Cartogram: Map distorted to represent quantity of specific values
- Life Expectancy: avg # of years that a person can expect to live in a
particular country
o Factors: SOL, effective health care systems, resource invested in
healthcare, a cul. which promotes health and well-being
- Fertility Rate: No. of live births for a year for every 1000 women
between 15-44
o Factors: Education, career choices, later age of marriage,
contraception, culture shifts
- Birth Rate: No. of live births for a year for every 1000 women divided by
the given period
o Factors: Cost of raising a child, healthcare, education, basic
necessities, transport
Aspect Birth Rate Fertility Rate
Number of live births per 1,000 Number of live births per 1,000 women of
Definition people in the total population per childbearing age (typically 15–44 or 15–49)
year. per year.
(Total live births ÷ Total midyear (Total live births ÷ Number of women aged
Calculation
population) × 1,000. 15–44/49) × 1,000.
Entire population, regardless of
Focus Women in reproductive age groups.
gender or age.
Measures overall population Assesses reproductive behavior and
Purpose
growth. potential population growth.
Influencing Population age structure, mortality Cultural norms, economic conditions,
Factors rates, migration. access to healthcare and family planning.
If a country has 10,000 live births If there are 10,000 live births and 200,000
Example
and a population of 1,000,000: women aged 15–44:
(10,000 ÷ 1,000,000) × 1,000 = 10 (10,000 ÷ 200,000) × 1,000 = 50 births per
births per 1,000 people. 1,000 women aged 15–44.
Use in Policy Broad demographic planning, Targeted reproductive health services,
Making resource allocation. family planning programs.
