Here are detailed, exam-ready notes on Energy Conservation Management, fully aligned with your

Technical Officer exam preparation:

🟩 Energy Conservation Management

✅ 1. Relevance of Energy Management Profession

Energy management is crucial in today’s energy-conscious world. It ensures efficient utilization of

energy resources, reduces waste, and promotes sustainability.

📌 Key Relevance Points:

Cost Reduction: Helps industries cut down energy costs significantly.

Energy Security: Minimizes dependence on imported fuels and promotes energy independence.

Environmental Protection: Reduces carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions.

Regulatory Compliance: Meets national and international standards like EC Act 2001, ISO 50001.

Improved Productivity: Optimizes processes and enhances performance.

Competitiveness: Efficient energy use improves the cost-effectiveness of products/services.

Sustainability: Promotes the use of renewable and cleaner energy sources.

Job Creation: Creates demand for certified energy managers and auditors.

✅ 2. General Principles of Energy Management

Energy management involves systematic tracking, analysis, and improvement of energy consumption in an
organization.

🧭 Core Principles:

1. Top Management Commitment:

Leadership support is essential for budget approval and implementation of plans.

2. Formulation of Energy Policy:

 A formal document outlining the organization's commitment to energy conservation and
performance improvement.
3. Energy Audit:

A structured approach to understanding current energy use.

Types:

Preliminary Audit: Quick review, identifies immediate savings.

Detailed Audit: In-depth analysis with instrumentation.

4. Setting Goals & Objectives:

SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound) goals for energy efficiency.

5. Benchmarking:

Compare energy performance with similar plants or best practices.

6. Energy Monitoring and Targeting (M&T):

Continuous tracking using Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs) such as kWh/unit, GJ/ton.

7. Employee Involvement & Training:

Energy awareness programs and incentivizing staff participation.

8. Implementation of ECMs (Energy Conservation Measures):

Includes both no-cost (like switching off idle equipment) and low-cost (like using energy-efficient
lighting) measures.

9. Performance Review & Continuous Improvement:

Use of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle for continual enhancement.

✅ 3. Energy Management Planning

It is the strategic framework for implementing energy efficiency improvements.

📋 Key Steps in Planning:

1. Conduct Energy Audit:

Understand current usage and identify inefficiencies.

2. Identify ECMs (Energy Conservation Measures):

Suggest technical and operational improvements:

 E.g., waste heat recovery, VFDs, insulation, efficient motors.
3. Set Priorities:

Based on:

Payback Period

Return on Investment (ROI)

Impact on core operations

4. Formulate Action Plan:

Define:

Activities

Resources (human, technical, financial)

Timelines

5. Assign Responsibilities:

Designate Energy Manager, internal teams, and external consultants if needed.

6. Establish Baseline and Targets:

Use historical data to set improvement benchmarks.

7. Implement Measures:

Schedule and execute projects in phases.

8. Monitor & Measure Performance:

Regularly track using software tools, submeters, and performance dashboards.

9. Evaluate & Review Plan:

Compare results against targets and modify plans accordingly.

📌 Tools Used in Energy Management

Energy Audit Tools: Lux meters, power analyzers, thermographic cameras.

Software Tools: RETScreen, BEE Tools, EMS (Energy Management System).

Energy Indicators: kWh/m², GJ/tonne, $/unit production.

🔄 Energy Management Cycle (PDCA)

PLAN → Identify ECMs & targets

DO → Implement ECMs
CHECK → Monitor performance
ACT → Take corrective actions & scale improvements

📌 Tools Used in Energy Management

🔧 Energy Audit Tools

1. Lux Meter

Measures illumination levels (in lux) in buildings or industrial areas.

Ensures lighting is adequate and not excessive, helping to reduce energy used for lighting.

Useful for designing energy-efficient lighting systems.

2. Power Analyzer / Power Logger

Measures electrical parameters like voltage, current, power factor, harmonic distortion, and
energy consumption.

Helps detect power quality issues, energy losses, and inefficiencies in electrical systems.

3. Thermographic Camera / Infrared (IR) Camera

Detects heat losses through insulation, motors, bearings, or electrical panels.

Visualizes temperature differences to identify overheating components.

Crucial in preventive maintenance and identifying energy wastage.

4. Ultrasonic Leak Detector

Detects compressed air or gas leaks by capturing high-frequency sound.

Compressed air systems are major energy consumers; leak detection saves substantial energy.

5. Anemometer

Measures airflow rate (velocity) in HVAC systems.

Ensures proper ventilation and cooling, optimizing energy use in fans and ducts.

6. Combustion Analyzer
 Analyzes flue gases from boilers/furnaces to assess combustion efficiency.

Indicates incomplete combustion or the need for air-fuel ratio adjustments.

💻 Software Tools for Energy Management

1. RETScreen

Developed by Natural Resources Canada.

Used for energy efficiency feasibility analysis, performance tracking, and financial evaluation.

Includes renewable energy project models, GHG analysis, etc.

2. BEE Tools (India)

Developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Govt. of India.

Used for:

Energy audit reporting

Preparing Form-1, Form-2 reports under EC Act

Monitoring & benchmarking energy performance.

3. EMS (Energy Management System)

Real-time monitoring of energy consumption across departments.

Tracks KPIs, enables automated alerts, trend analysis, and reporting.

Integrates data from meters, sensors, SCADA systems.

Examples: Siemens EMS, Schneider EcoStruxure, Honeywell EBI.

4. eQUEST

A building energy simulation tool.

Analyzes HVAC performance, daylighting, equipment loads, and building envelope.

📊 Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs)

These are quantitative metrics used to track and improve energy performance.
 Indicator Meaning Use

kWh/m² Kilowatt-hour per square Used for measuring building energy use
meter

GJ/tonne Gigajoules per tonne of Used in industries for energy consumed per unit
product production

$/unit Cost of energy per Helps in economic evaluation of energy use

production production unit

kWh per Energy used per staff Useful in service sector & IT parks
employee

kcal/kg Kilocalories per kg of Common in thermal processing industries

material

BEE Star Rating (Star Labeling Program)** – a key part of India's energy conservation effort:

⭐ BEE Star Labeling Program

🏛️ What is BEE?

BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Power, Government
of India.

Established under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.

Its mandate: promote energy efficiency and conservation.

⭐ BEE Star Labeling Scheme

Launched in 2006 to provide energy performance labels (Star Rating) on appliances.

It rates appliances from 1 Star (least efficient) to 5 Star (most efficient).

The label displays:

Energy consumption in units/year

Star rating
 Appliance model details

BEE license number

🔍 Purpose of Star Rating

Guide consumers to choose energy-efficient products.

Encourage manufacturers to innovate and improve energy performance.

Reduce national energy demand and environmental impact.

🔌 Products Covered

BEE has made labeling mandatory for some and voluntary for others.

✅ Mandatory Products (selected examples):

Room Air Conditioners (fixed speed & inverter)

Refrigerators

Tubular fluorescent lamps (TFLs)

Electric geysers

Ceiling fans

Distribution transformers

🆓 Voluntary Products (examples):

Washing machines

Laptops

Microwave ovens

Solar water heaters

Diesel generators

Agricultural pumps
📏 How Rating is Calculated

Based on test results from certified labs as per Indian standards (IS).

Metrics like EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) or Annual energy consumption are considered.

Ratings are revised periodically to tighten efficiency norms.

📉 Benefits of Using Higher Star Rated Appliances

Feature 5-Star Appliance 1-Star Appliance

Energy Use Least Highest

Electricity Bill Lowest Highest

CO₂ Emissions Lowest Highest

Cost Higher upfront Lower upfront

Payback Period Short Long

📝 Label Sample (for Air Conditioner)

BEE Logo

Star band (1 to 5 stars)

Annual Energy Consumption (e.g. 890 units/year)

Cooling capacity (in tons)

Type: Split/Window

ISEER value

Manufacturing & validity details

10 MCQs on BEE Star Labeling and Energy Efficiency with detailed explanations.
1. What does a 5-star rating on a BEE label indicate?
A. Low energy efficiency
B. High energy efficiency ✅
C. Medium energy efficiency
D. Energy consumption not rated
Explanation: A 5-star rating indicates the highest energy efficiency; such appliances consume the least
energy.

2. Which organization is responsible for India's Star Labeling Program?

A. ISI
B. BEE ✅
C. BIS
D. MNRE
Explanation: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), under the Ministry of Power, implements and
monitors the Star Labeling Program.

3. What does the term 'EER' stand for in BEE star ratings?
A. Energy Efficiency Ratio ✅
B. Electrical Energy Rating
C. Essential Energy Rating
D. Energy Emission Rate
Explanation: EER measures the cooling capacity (in BTU/hr) per watt of power used. A higher EER
means better energy performance.

4. What information is NOT shown on a BEE label?

A. Annual energy consumption
B. Cooling capacity
C. Model number
D. Appliance price ✅
Explanation: BEE labels include energy use, model details, and performance but not market prices,
which vary.
5. In the context of BEE labeling, what does ISEER stand for?
A. Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating ✅
B. International Standard for Energy Efficient Refrigeration
C. Integrated System for Energy Efficiency Rating
D. None of the above
Explanation: ISEER is the seasonal efficiency rating for air conditioners based on Indian climatic
conditions.

6. What metric is commonly used on star labels for refrigerators?

A. ISEER
B. COP
C. Annual Energy Consumption ✅
D. Thermal Conductivity
Explanation: For refrigerators, labels mention kWh/year, helping consumers estimate long-term energy
costs.

7. What is the benefit of using a 5-star rated air conditioner compared to a 1-star rated one?
A. More cooling
B. Less electricity consumption ✅
C. Lower upfront cost
D. More noise
Explanation: 5-star ACs save electricity and reduce operating costs over time.

8. How often does BEE revise its star rating standards?

A. Every 6 months
B. Every year
C. Periodically ✅
D. Never
Explanation: BEE periodically updates efficiency standards to encourage better technologies.
9. Which of the following best describes the aim of BEE's Star Labeling Program?
A. Promote fossil fuel usage
B. Encourage high energy consumption
C. Promote energy efficiency ✅
D. Reduce product lifespan
Explanation: The core aim is to help consumers choose energy-efficient appliances and save power.

10. Which of the following is a mandatory product under BEE’s labeling scheme?
A. Microwave ovens
B. Electric geysers ✅
C. Washing machines
D. Diesel generators
Explanation: Electric geysers, ACs, refrigerators, etc., are mandatory for labeling; others like washing
machines are voluntary.

Sample MCQs (1–10):

1. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using BEE star-labeled appliances?

A. Lower electricity bills
B. Better product quality
C. Reduced carbon footprint
D. Faster operation
Answer: D
Explanation: Star labeling focuses on energy efficiency, not necessarily speed or performance.

2. Which of these appliances has a mandatory BEE labeling requirement?

A. TVs
B. Ceiling fans
C. Frost-free refrigerators
D. Electric irons
Answer: C
Explanation: Frost-free refrigerators are under BEE's mandatory labeling program.
3. BEE was established under which act?
A. Electricity Act 2003
B. Energy Conservation Act 2001
C. Factories Act 1948
D. Environment Protection Act 1986
Answer: B
Explanation: BEE was formed under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001.

4. What is the primary unit for measuring electrical energy in BEE labels?
A. Watts
B. Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
C. BTU
D. Joules
Answer: B
Explanation: BEE labels display energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per year.

5. Which tool helps verify power consumption during an energy audit?

A. Lux meter
B. Thermometer
C. Power analyzer
D. Moisture meter
Answer: C
Explanation: Power analyzers measure real-time energy use of devices.

6. What is the rating range used in BEE labeling?

A. 0 to 10 stars
B. 1 to 3 stars
C. 1 to 5 stars
D. 5 to 10 stars
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE uses a 1–5 star rating system (5 stars = most efficient).

7. Which software is recommended by BEE for evaluating energy projects?

A. AutoCAD
B. RETScreen
C. MATLAB
D. PVsyst
Answer: B
Explanation: RETScreen helps evaluate feasibility and savings from energy projects.
 8. Which metric is used to rate fans under BEE labeling?
A. Lumens per watt
B. Service value
C. Airflow rate
D. Watts
Answer: B
Explanation: Service value (m³/min/W) measures fan efficiency.

9. Which appliance was added most recently to BEE's voluntary labeling list?
A. Computers
B. Washing machines
C. Microwave ovens
D. LED lamps
Answer: C
Explanation: Microwave ovens were a recent addition to the voluntary list.

10. What does the BEE star label primarily aim to reduce?
A. Noise pollution
B. Water usage
C. Electricity consumption
D. Gas emissions
Answer: C
Explanation: The primary goal is to reduce electricity usage.

25 MCQs topic-wise

Topic: Energy Management Profession (10 MCQs)

1. What is the main objective of an energy manager?

A. Increase HR productivity
B. Maintain equipment manuals
C. Reduce energy costs and consumption
D. Oversee financial audits
Answer: C
Explanation: An energy manager’s primary role is to optimize energy use to reduce costs and
environmental impact.
2. Which sector typically employs energy managers?
A. Film industry
B. IT outsourcing
C. Manufacturing and utilities
D. Fashion design
Answer: C
Explanation: Industrial, utility, and commercial sectors hire energy managers to cut down energy
use.

3. Which certification is commonly held by professional energy managers in India?

A. CFA
B. PMP
C. BEE Certified Energy Manager
D. LEED Green Associate
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE conducts certification exams for Energy Managers and Energy Auditors.

4. A Certified Energy Auditor must be certified by:

A. ASHRAE
B. UGC
C. BEE
D. GRIHA
Answer: C
Explanation: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency certifies Energy Auditors under the EC Act 2001.

5. Energy Managers work most closely with:

A. Software developers
B. Production supervisors
C. HR managers
D. Fashion designers
Answer: B
Explanation: They collaborate with production units to implement energy-saving measures.

6. An energy manager should ideally be trained in:

A. Textile design
B. Mechanical or Electrical Engineering
C. Journalism
D. Architecture
Answer: B
Explanation: Technical background helps in understanding energy systems and audits.
 7. Which of these is a key skill for energy managers?
A. Medical knowledge
B. Negotiation for imports
C. Data analysis and technical reporting
D. Teaching methodology
Answer: C
Explanation: Technical and analytical skills are essential to interpret energy data.

8. The Energy Conservation Act was enacted in:

A. 1999
B. 2001
C. 2005
D. 2009
Answer: B
Explanation: The Act that led to the formation of BEE came into effect in 2001.

9. Which institution conducts the National Certification Examination for Energy Managers?
A. BARC
B. NPTI
C. TERI
D. CII
Answer: B
Explanation: National Power Training Institute (NPTI) conducts exams on behalf of BEE.

10. Which law mandates the appointment of certified energy managers in designated
consumers?
A. Environment Protection Act
B. Energy Conservation Act 2001
C. Factories Act
D. Industrial Disputes Act
Answer: B
Explanation: The EC Act requires designated consumers to appoint certified energy managers.

Topic: Principles of Energy Management (15 MCQs)

1. Which principle involves identifying energy-saving opportunities?

A. Monitoring only
B. Load Shedding
C. Energy Audit
 D. Asset depreciation
Answer: C
Explanation: Audits help detect wastage and propose improvements.
2. The PDCA cycle used in energy management stands for:
A. Plan-Do-Check-Act
B. Power-Drive-Control-Adjust
C. Predict-Deny-Command-Act
D. Plan-Deliver-Correct-Audit
Answer: A
Explanation: It's a standard approach for continuous improvement in energy management.

3. Benchmarking is used in energy management to:

A. Set employee salaries
B. Compare energy performance
C. Increase floor area
D. Design products
Answer: B
Explanation: Benchmarking allows performance comparison against best practices.

4. What is the first step in energy management?

A. Investment
B. Planning and goal setting
C. Buying new equipment
D. Employee rewards
Answer: B
Explanation: Strategic planning sets the foundation for energy goals.

5. An Energy Policy should be:

A. Verbal only
B. Displayed on machines
C. Written, documented, and communicated
D. Kept confidential
Answer: C
Explanation: A good policy should be known, accessible, and clearly defined.

6. Energy efficiency means:

A. Using less energy to perform the same task
B. Increasing production by 50%
C. Buying expensive equipment
D. Running machines all day
 Answer: A
Explanation: Efficiency = reduced energy input for the same output.
7. Which of these is an economic principle in energy management?
A. Increasing workforce
B. Life cycle cost analysis
C. Product color matching
D. Safety awards
Answer: B
Explanation: It helps determine long-term cost-effectiveness.

8. Demand-side management deals with:

A. Increasing generation
B. Reducing customer load
C. Raising tariffs
D. Designing policies
Answer: B
Explanation: DSM manages consumption patterns to reduce peak loads.

9. Which one is a qualitative energy-saving measure?

A. Replacing motors
B. Turning off lights during lunch
C. Installing LED
D. Using VFDs
Answer: B
Explanation: Behavioral changes are qualitative in nature.

10. Which department usually initiates energy audits?

A. Finance
B. HR
C. Maintenance or Production
D. Public Relations
Answer: C
Explanation: Technical departments are involved in energy use.

11. “Energy Conservation” is about:

A. Faster usage
B. Reducing unnecessary consumption
C. Buying energy in bulk
D. Promoting fuel-based generators
 Answer: B
Explanation: Conservation means avoiding wasteful energy use.
12. An example of passive energy-saving is:
A. Using solar panels
B. Increasing AC temperature
C. Using natural daylight
D. Insulating wires
Answer: C
Explanation: Passive measures involve no energy input.

13. Energy Targeting means:

A. Promoting fossil fuels
B. Setting consumption targets
C. Installing transformers
D. Raising bills
Answer: B
Explanation: Targets help monitor and reduce energy use.

14. ISO standard for Energy Management Systems is:

A. ISO 9001
B. ISO 14001
C. ISO 50001
D. ISO 27001
Answer: C
Explanation: ISO 50001 deals with energy management practices.

15. Which tool is used for continuous improvement in energy management?

A. SWOT Analysis
B. PDCA Cycle
C. Energy Balance Sheet
D. Risk Register
Answer: B
Explanation: The PDCA cycle ensures iterative progress.
Topic: Energy Management Planning (15 MCQs)

1. What is the purpose of Energy Management Planning?

A. Increase energy bills
B. Improve aesthetics of buildings
C. Optimize energy use and reduce costs
D. Increase lighting brightness
Answer: C
Explanation: Energy Management Planning aims to reduce energy use and costs through structured
steps.

2. Which of the following is a key component of energy planning?

A. Employee performance review
B. Equipment branding
C. Load profiling
D. Asset insurance
Answer: C
Explanation: Load profiling helps identify energy usage patterns and peak demand.

3. What is an Energy Action Plan?

A. Plan to fire inefficient staff
B. Strategy to generate energy
C. Set of prioritized energy-saving measures
D. Plan to increase consumption
Answer: C
Explanation: It outlines measures, timelines, and responsibilities to save energy.

4. Energy planning should begin with:

A. Installing solar panels
B. Energy audit
C. Hiring more staff
D. Advertising energy usage
Answer: B
Explanation: Energy audits provide baseline data essential for planning.

5. Which document sets the energy-saving goals of an organization?

A. Energy register
B. Policy paper
C. Energy policy
D. Fire safety policy
 Answer: C
Explanation: Energy policy sets targets and direction for energy management.
6. The success of an energy plan depends on:
A. Sales profit
B. Government budget
C. Management commitment
D. Product design
Answer: C
Explanation: Top-level support ensures resources and motivation.

7. Annual energy savings target should be:

A. Arbitrary
B. Fixed without data
C. Based on energy audit findings
D. Decided by security staff
Answer: C
Explanation: Targets should be realistic and based on audit data.

8. Who is responsible for implementing energy plans?

A. Marketing team
B. Energy manager and department heads
C. Janitorial staff
D. Visitors
Answer: B
Explanation: Execution involves coordination between technical and managerial roles.

9. Which tool helps track progress of energy plan?

A. Logbook
B. Energy performance indicator
C. Brochure
D. Certificate
Answer: B
Explanation: EPIs like kWh/m² or $/ton measure ongoing performance.

10. What is typically the last step in energy planning?

A. Policy creation
B. Audit
C. Monitoring and review
D. Installing lights
 Answer: C
Explanation: Reviewing outcomes ensures continuous improvement.
11. Which approach ensures energy planning is part of daily operations?
A. External contracting
B. Isolated task assignment
C. Integrating it with ISO 50001 system
D. Ignoring policy
Answer: C
Explanation: ISO 50001 integrates energy management into company systems.

12. Planning should focus on:

A. Energy costs alone
B. Long-term sustainability
C. Monthly bonuses
D. Reducing staff
Answer: B
Explanation: Sustainable planning considers cost and environmental impact.

13. Which of these can be part of a short-term plan?

A. Staff training
B. Building redesign
C. Equipment replacement
D. Policy change
Answer: A
Explanation: Training can be implemented quickly for quick savings.

14. A good energy plan should be:

A. Secretive
B. Rigid
C. Flexible and measurable
D. Only for auditors
Answer: C
Explanation: Flexibility allows adaptation; measurability allows tracking.

15. Which of these indicates plan success?

A. Media coverage
B. Reduced specific energy consumption
C. Manager transfers
D. New uniforms
 Answer: B
Explanation: Lower specific energy use means effective plan execution.

Topic: Energy Audit Tools (10 MCQs)

1. Lux meter is used to measure:

A. Voltage
B. Light intensity
C. Noise level
D. Power factor
Answer: B
Explanation: Lux meter quantifies illuminance in lux (lumens/m²).

2. Which tool records voltage, current, and power factor?

A. Lux meter
B. Infrared thermometer
C. Power analyzer
D. Megger
Answer: C
Explanation: Power analyzers monitor multiple electrical parameters.

3. Thermographic cameras detect:

A. Noise
B. Moisture
C. Surface temperature
D. Flow rate
Answer: C
Explanation: They help identify heat leaks and hotspots.

4. A basic energy audit tool for lighting systems is:

A. Lux meter
B. Voltmeter
C. Oscilloscope
D. IR gun
Answer: A
Explanation: Lux meter helps verify lighting design and efficiency.
5. A power analyzer typically measures:
A. Power and light
B. Voltage, current, frequency, harmonics
C. Temperature only
D. Air quality
Answer: B
Explanation: It provides detailed electrical diagnostics.

6. Which device is used for visualizing heat patterns in machinery?

A. Power logger
B. Thermal imager
C. pH meter
D. Lux sensor
Answer: B
Explanation: Thermal imagers (thermographic cameras) locate thermal faults.

7. Thermography is useful for:

A. Color coding
B. Insulation defects
C. Software errors
D. Writing manuals
Answer: B
Explanation: It reveals areas with insulation loss via heat maps.

8. Which is not typically an energy audit tool?

A. Multimeter
B. Lux meter
C. Sewing machine
D. Thermal imager
Answer: C
Explanation: Sewing machines are unrelated to energy measurements.

9. Energy audit tools help identify:

A. Employee satisfaction
B. Maintenance issues
C. Energy-saving opportunities
D. HR policies
Answer: C
Explanation: They provide data needed to improve energy performance.
10. Energy audit tools are selected based on:
A. Brand only
B. Popularity
C. Purpose and type of audit
D. Internet reviews
Answer: C
Explanation: Tools vary based on the facility and systems being audited.

🔹 Topic: Software Tools for Energy Management (10 MCQs)

1. RETScreen is used for:

A. Lighting design
B. Financial analysis of energy projects
C. Employee tracking
D. HVAC repair
Answer: B
Explanation: RETScreen analyzes cost-effectiveness and feasibility of renewable and energy
efficiency projects.

2. Which software is developed by Natural Resources Canada?

A. EMS
B. BEE Star
C. RETScreen
D. EnergyPlus
Answer: C
Explanation: RETScreen is a Canadian government tool for clean energy project evaluation.

3. EMS stands for:

A. Energy Management Strategy
B. Energy Monitoring System
C. Energy Management System
D. Electrical Meter Setup
Answer: C
Explanation: EMS systems monitor, control, and optimize energy use.
4. Which tool can provide real-time energy consumption data?
A. MS Word
B. RETScreen
C. EMS
D. AutoCAD
Answer: C
Explanation: EMS tools give live monitoring of energy performance.

5. Which tool is used for simulation of energy use?

A. Lux meter
B. RETScreen
C. Excel
D. Thermometer
Answer: B
Explanation: RETScreen offers simulation and feasibility analysis features.

6. BEE Tools help with:

A. Agricultural analysis
B. Cooking recipes
C. Energy conservation benchmarking
D. Military training
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE Tools include calculators and guides for energy benchmarks.

7. An EMS helps in:

A. Producing energy
B. Mapping cities
C. Monitoring and controlling energy use
D. Making blueprints
Answer: C
Explanation: EMS automates data logging and helps identify inefficiencies.

8. Which software focuses on renewable energy performance?

A. Paint
B. RETScreen
C. ERP
D. MATLAB
Answer: B
Explanation: RETScreen evaluates renewable and energy-efficient technologies.
 9. BEE software tools are used by industries for:
A. Entertainment
B. Productivity testing
C. Energy performance assessment
D. Paint color selection
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE tools assist with energy audits and performance evaluations.

10. The key advantage of energy software tools is:

A. Entertainment
B. Real-time error detection
C. Manual logging
D. Data inaccessibility
Answer: B
Explanation: Tools like EMS help spot energy waste quickly and accurately.

🔹 Topic: Energy Indicators (5 MCQs)

1. Which is an example of a specific energy consumption indicator?

A. Total kWh
B. kWh/m²
C. Total fuel cost
D. Number of lights
Answer: B
Explanation: kWh/m² shows energy use per unit area—an energy performance indicator.

2. Energy intensity for a manufacturing plant is typically measured as:

A. kWh/person
B. GJ/tonne of output
C. kW/machine
D. Litres/hour
Answer: B
Explanation: GJ/tonne reflects energy consumed per tonne of product output.

3. Lower energy indicators usually indicate:

A. Higher efficiency
B. Higher consumption
C. No change
D. More lights
 Answer: A
Explanation: Reduced specific consumption means improved efficiency.
4. Energy indicators are used to:
A. Decide employee bonuses
B. Monitor energy performance
C. Count visitors
D. Print bills
Answer: B
Explanation: They benchmark and track improvements in energy use.

5. Which of the following is a financial energy indicator?

A. $/unit production
B. kWh/m²
C. Lux level
D. RPM
Answer: A
Explanation: Cost per unit of production is a financial energy metric.

🔹 Topic: BEE Star Labeling (10 MCQs)

1. BEE stands for:

A. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
B. Basic Energy Evaluation
C. Best Energy Equipment
D. Battery Efficiency Engine
Answer: A
Explanation: BEE is the Indian government agency promoting energy efficiency.

2. What does a 5-star BEE label signify?

A. Low quality
B. Average energy use
C. Highest energy efficiency
D. Brand popularity
Answer: C
Explanation: More stars mean better energy savings.
3. Star rating helps consumers:
A. Spend more
B. Choose appliances based on energy efficiency
C. Focus on brand only
D. Ignore energy use
Answer: B
Explanation: Star ratings guide energy-conscious purchasing.

4. Which of the following appliances is covered under BEE star rating?

A. Ceiling fans
B. Gas cylinders
C. Lamps
D. UPS systems
Answer: A
Explanation: Fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc., are covered.

5. The BEE label is mandatory for:

A. Radios
B. Air conditioners
C. Books
D. Desks
Answer: B
Explanation: Several appliances like ACs, refrigerators require mandatory star labeling.

6. BEE star label includes:

A. Only price
B. Appliance serial number only
C. Energy efficiency stars and key stats
D. Safety rating only
Answer: C
Explanation: It shows star rating, units consumed, and appliance info.

7. The BEE label is valid for:

A. 1 year
B. 3 years
C. 10 years
D. Lifelong
Answer: B
Explanation: Typically valid for 3 years, subject to revisions.
 8. BEE star labeling was launched in India in:
A. 1999
B. 2006
C. 2012
D. 2018
Answer: B
Explanation: Star labeling began in 2006 as a voluntary program.

9. Which is not a benefit of BEE star-rated appliances?

A. Reduced electricity bills
B. Higher emissions
C. Environmental conservation
D. Long-term savings
Answer: B
Explanation: Star-rated products are designed to lower energy use and emissions.

10. Who enforces the BEE star labeling program?

A. BIS
B. MoEF
C. BEE under Ministry of Power
D. State Electricity Board
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE under the Ministry of Power manages and enforces the program.

🔹 Topic: Energy Conservation Techniques (10 MCQs)

1. Which method reduces lighting energy consumption effectively?

A. Painting walls dark
B. Installing incandescent lamps
C. Using daylight sensors
D. Using single switch for all rooms
Answer: C
Explanation: Daylight sensors automatically adjust lighting levels based on ambient light.
2. Waste heat recovery is a method of:
A. Cooling
B. Energy generation
C. Energy conservation
D. Transmission
Answer: C
Explanation: It captures and reuses heat from industrial processes.

3. Variable Speed Drives (VSDs) help conserve energy in:

A. Diesel generators
B. Constant load systems
C. Motors with variable load
D. Manual pumps
Answer: C
Explanation: VSDs adjust motor speed to match load, reducing energy waste.

4. Insulating hot water pipelines conserves energy by:

A. Increasing water pressure
B. Reducing heat losses
C. Improving taste
D. Changing color of water
Answer: B
Explanation: Insulation prevents heat loss, saving heating energy.

5. Power factor improvement helps in:

A. Reducing motor RPM
B. Increasing lighting
C. Reducing energy losses
D. Lowering taxes
Answer: C
Explanation: Power factor correction reduces reactive power, enhancing efficiency.

6. Replacing old motors with energy-efficient motors leads to:

A. Higher noise
B. More breakdowns
C. Lower power consumption
D. Faster aging
Answer: C
Explanation: Energy-efficient motors use less electricity for the same output.
 7. Which of the following reduces energy use in HVAC systems?
A. Unsealed ducts
B. Dirty filters
C. Programmable thermostats
D. Constant operation
Answer: C
Explanation: Thermostats adjust temperature based on occupancy/time.

8. LEDs are preferred over incandescent bulbs due to:

A. Cost
B. High heat generation
C. High energy efficiency
D. Color
Answer: C
Explanation: LEDs consume less energy and last longer.

9. Cogeneration is:
A. Using only one fuel
B. A type of solar panel
C. Combined heat and power generation
D. Use of two power plants
Answer: C
Explanation: Cogeneration utilizes fuel for both electricity and thermal energy.

10. One method to reduce energy use in industrial compressed air systems is:
A. Increase pressure
B. Use wider pipes
C. Fix leakages
D. Paint compressors
Answer: C
Explanation: Air leaks are a major source of energy loss.

🔹 Topic: Energy-Efficient Systems (10 MCQs)

1. Energy-efficient motors are classified under:

A. IE1, IE2, IE3
B. M1, M2
C. XL, XXL
D. EFF-A, B
 Answer: A
Explanation: IE2 and IE3 denote higher efficiency motor standards.
2. Which is a feature of an energy-efficient pump?
A. Constant speed
B. Oversized motor
C. Right sizing and low friction losses
D. High noise
Answer: C
Explanation: Efficient pumps are designed with minimal loss and correct capacity.

3. Energy-efficient transformers reduce:

A. Wire usage
B. Core and copper losses
C. Voltage
D. Temperature only
Answer: B
Explanation: Special materials and designs minimize energy losses.

4. Energy-efficient lighting systems have a high:

A. Power factor
B. Heat output
C. Lux/watt ratio
D. Flickering rate
Answer: C
Explanation: More lumens per watt means higher efficiency.

5. Which component helps motors start efficiently and conserve energy?

A. Flywheel
B. Soft starter
C. Manual crank
D. Brake pad
Answer: B
Explanation: Soft starters reduce voltage during startup, limiting power spikes.

6. Energy-efficient buildings often use:

A. Single-glazed windows
B. Insulated walls and roofs
C. No ventilation
D. Concrete-only roofs
 Answer: B
Explanation: Insulation helps reduce heating and cooling loads.
7. Efficient boilers are typically:
A. Open-fired
B. Condensing type
C. Solid fuel only
D. Constant pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: Condensing boilers reuse latent heat, improving efficiency.

8. Inverters improve energy efficiency in:

A. Manual fans
B. Air conditioners
C. Diesel generators
D. LPG burners
Answer: B
Explanation: Inverter ACs adjust compressor speed to save energy.

9. Power factor correction is done using:

A. Diodes
B. Resistors
C. Capacitors
D. Transformers
Answer: C
Explanation: Capacitors offset lagging reactive power in inductive loads.

10. Which appliance should have a high star rating for better efficiency?
A. Mobile phone
B. Refrigerator
C. Extension cord
D. Keyboard
Answer: B
Explanation: BEE-rated refrigerators indicate lower annual energy use.
🔹 Topic: Energy Audit Concepts (5 MCQs)

1. Main goal of an energy audit is to:

A. Reduce staffing
B. Identify energy-saving opportunities
C. Increase taxes
D. Shut down equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: Audits find ways to cut unnecessary energy use.

2. Walk-through audit involves:

A. Detailed simulation
B. Installation of new systems
C. Quick onsite energy assessment
D. Government approval
Answer: C
Explanation: It’s a preliminary audit to spot major inefficiencies.

3. Detailed audit includes:

A. Only financial data
B. Full measurement and verification
C. Casual observation
D. Data from internet
Answer: B
Explanation: It involves metering, calculations, and savings estimation.

4. A tool often used during an audit to measure electric load is:

A. Stopwatch
B. Power analyzer
C. Thermos
D. Hammer
Answer: B
Explanation: Power analyzers track load, voltage, power factor, etc.

5. Energy audit report must include:

A. Only photographs
B. Current and potential energy use and recommendations
C. Marketing ideas
D. Company secrets
 Answer: B
Explanation: Reports summarize findings, savings potential, and action plans.

✅ Mixed MCQs (1–50)

1. What does a 5-star BEE label indicate on an appliance?

A. High noise
B. High energy consumption
C. Best energy efficiency
D. Low durability
Answer: C
Explanation: 5-star rating signifies the most energy-efficient product in its category.

2. Energy audit helps in identifying:

A. Company profits
B. Legal issues
C. Energy-saving opportunities
D. New product designs
Answer: C
Explanation: It reveals inefficiencies and suggests methods to reduce energy consumption.

3. Which lighting source is most energy-efficient?

A. Incandescent
B. CFL
C. LED
D. Halogen
Answer: C
Explanation: LEDs use the least energy per lumen output.
4. Which unit measures electrical energy consumption?
A. Volt
B. Ampere
C. kWh
D. Newton
Answer: C
Explanation: Kilowatt-hour (kWh) is the unit of energy consumed.

5. Which standard governs energy-efficient motors?

A. ISO 9001
B. IE1–IE4
C. ASTM
D. ITIL
Answer: B
Explanation: IE1–IE4 classes define motor energy efficiency levels.

6. The term “Lux” is related to:

A. Heat
B. Sound
C. Light intensity
D. Weight
Answer: C
Explanation: Lux is a unit of illuminance (lumens per square meter).

7. Which sector consumes the most electricity in India?

A. Commercial
B. Agriculture
C. Domestic
D. Industry
Answer: D
Explanation: Industries use the largest share due to heavy machinery.
8. Which tool is used to identify thermal losses?
A. Lux meter
B. Thermographic camera
C. Clamp meter
D. Wattmeter
Answer: B
Explanation: Thermal cameras visualize heat loss areas.

9. A power factor close to 1 indicates:

A. Poor efficiency
B. Ideal energy usage
C. High losses
D. High noise
Answer: B
Explanation: It means minimal reactive power and efficient energy use.

10. Energy conservation differs from energy efficiency because:

A. It uses more energy
B. It's about reducing usage
C. It improves device performance
D. It adds cost
Answer: B
Explanation: Conservation is about behavioral changes, efficiency is about technology.

11. BEE stands for:

A. Bureau of Energy Equipment
B. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
C. Basic Energy Evaluation
D. Battery Efficiency Equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: BEE is India’s nodal agency for promoting energy efficiency.
12. Which of these appliances is *not* covered under BEE labeling?
A. Fans
B. Refrigerators
C. Toasters
D. Air conditioners
Answer: C
Explanation: Toasters are not part of mandatory labeling.

13. Which is a non-renewable energy source?

A. Solar
B. Biomass
C. Wind
D. Natural gas
Answer: D
Explanation: Natural gas is finite and derived from fossil fuels.

14. Which software is widely used for energy modeling?

A. Excel
B. RETScreen
C. MS Paint
D. SAP
Answer: B
Explanation: RETScreen analyzes energy efficiency and renewable energy projects.

15. Which parameter is improved using capacitors in electrical systems?

A. Voltage
B. Current
C. Power factor
D. Resistance
Answer: C
Explanation: Capacitors reduce reactive power, improving PF.
16. Which equipment measures instantaneous voltage and current?
A. Hygrometer
B. Power analyzer
C. Lux meter
D. Ammeter only
Answer: B
Explanation: Power analyzers help in detailed electrical auditing.

17. What is the unit of energy efficiency in industrial processes?

A. $/kg
B. GJ/tonne
C. kW/day
D. Nm³/hr
Answer: B
Explanation: GJ/tonne indicates energy input per tonne of product.

18. The full form of EMS in energy management is:

A. Electrical Monitoring System
B. Energy Management System
C. Efficiency Monitoring Software
D. Energy Measuring Software
Answer: B
Explanation: EMS helps monitor and optimize energy use.

19. What is the first step of an energy audit?

A. Measurement
B. Data collection
C. Interview staff
D. Benchmarking
Answer: B
Explanation: Understanding existing systems is foundational.
20. Which lighting level is appropriate for reading rooms?
A. 100 lux
B. 300 lux
C. 500 lux
D. 1000 lux
Answer: C
Explanation: 500 lux is recommended for reading tasks.

21. In India, BEE's star rating ranges from:

A. 1 to 3
B. 1 to 7
C. 1 to 5
D. 0 to 10
Answer: C
Explanation: 1-star (least efficient) to 5-star (most efficient).

22. BEE labeling is mandatory for which appliance?

A. Electric kettles
B. Room ACs
C. Irons
D. Mixers
Answer: B
Explanation: Room air conditioners require mandatory star labeling.

23. Which is a renewable source of energy?

A. Diesel
B. Coal
C. Biomass
D. Petrol
Answer: C
Explanation: Biomass is sustainable and can be regenerated.
24. Energy intensity of a country is measured as:
A. GJ/household
B. GWh/km
C. Energy used per unit GDP
D. Power per capita
Answer: C
Explanation: Lower energy intensity = more efficient economy.

25. Which method is used in thermal insulation auditing?

A. Lux measurement
B. Acoustic imaging
C. Infrared thermography
D. Smoke testing
Answer: C
Explanation: Identifies hotspots and insulation leaks.

26. Who prepares and implements Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)?
A. NITI Aayog
B. MNRE
C. BEE
D. BIS
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE prepares ECBC for energy efficiency in buildings.

27. Which sector has highest potential for energy savings in India?
A. Residential
B. Agriculture
C. Industry
D. Transport
Answer: C
Explanation: Heavy industrial processes offer maximum scope for savings.
28. Which of the following is an example of passive solar design?
A. Solar panel
B. Insulated wall
C. North-facing windows
D. Diesel generator
Answer: C
Explanation: North-facing windows maximize daylight and minimize heat.

29. Maximum energy savings in motors can be achieved through:

A. Cooling fans
B. Variable frequency drives (VFDs)
C. Changing bearings
D. Larger cables
Answer: B
Explanation: VFDs adjust motor speed as per load, saving energy.

30. Which is *not* an objective of energy management?

A. Reducing costs
B. Enhancing efficiency
C. Increasing downtime
D. Reducing environmental impact
Answer: C
Explanation: Downtime is undesirable.

31. Which of the following is a direct energy-saving measure?

A. Awareness sessions
B. Use of solar water heater
C. Staff training
D. Energy audits
Answer: B
Explanation: It directly replaces electrical heating.
32. Power factor correction reduces:
A. Real power
B. Apparent power
C. Reactive power
D. Voltage
Answer: C
Explanation: Capacitor banks are commonly used to correct it.

33. Energy benchmarking helps in:

A. Reducing staff
B. Setting consumption standards
C. Increasing taxes
D. Avoiding audits
Answer: B
Explanation: Helps compare similar facilities or machines.

34. Which one is an energy-intensive industry?

A. Textile
B. Food processing
C. Cement
D. Education
Answer: C
Explanation: Cement industry uses high thermal and electrical energy.

35. The term “payback period” refers to:

A. Loan repayment time
B. Time to recover investment via savings
C. EMI duration
D. Refund processing
Answer: B
Explanation: Payback period = Investment / Annual savings.
36. Which parameter is considered in BEE star rating for ACs?
A. Noise level
B. Power factor
C. ISEER
D. COP
Answer: C
Explanation: ISEER (Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio).

37. The key benefit of an energy audit is:

A. Increased equipment size
B. Increased downtime
C. Reduced energy cost
D. Staff reduction
Answer: C
Explanation: Main aim is cost reduction through efficiency.

38. Who can perform an energy audit in India legally?

A. Any technician
B. Chartered accountant
C. Certified Energy Auditor (CEA)
D. Retired engineer
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE-certified CEAs are authorized for audits.

39. The most efficient ceiling fan is categorized under:

A. BLDC fans
B. AC fans
C. Induction motor fans
D. DC fans
Answer: A
Explanation: Brushless DC fans offer 50%+ efficiency improvement.
40. Which is *not* a part of Energy Management System (EMS)?
A. Load scheduling
B. Smart metering
C. Automatic lighting control
D. Office furniture
Answer: D
Explanation: Furniture is not part of EMS.

41. The term “energy conservation” implies:

A. Generation of more power
B. Reduction in energy usage
C. Increase in appliances
D. Use of diesel
Answer: B
Explanation: It’s about cutting unnecessary consumption.

42. What does ISO 50001 refer to?

A. Manufacturing standard
B. Food safety
C. Energy management systems
D. Pollution control
Answer: C
Explanation: It sets a global standard for EMS.

43. Which is a decentralized energy source?

A. Nuclear
B. Solar rooftop
C. Hydroelectric
D. Coal
Answer: B
Explanation: Generated near the point of use.
44. The best time to conduct an energy audit is:
A. At night
B. During holidays
C. During normal operations
D. During shutdown
Answer: C
Explanation: Audits require actual operational data.

45. Main energy-saving area in compressed air systems:

A. Higher pressure
B. Leak detection
C. Extra piping
D. Humidification
Answer: B
Explanation: Air leaks cause huge energy loss.

46. Heat recovery in boilers is done using:

A. Dampers
B. Economizers
C. Filters
D. Fans
Answer: B
Explanation: Economizers use flue gases to preheat feedwater.

47. Most losses in a transformer are due to:

A. Core loss and copper loss
B. Insulation
C. Windings only
D. External vibration
Answer: A
Explanation: These two dominate transformer energy loss.
48. Thermal insulation is most useful in:
A. Motors
B. Fans
C. Furnaces
D. Lights
Answer: C
Explanation: Reduces heat loss from high-temp processes.

49. In variable load operations, energy is saved by using:

A. VFD
B. Transformers
C. Manual switches
D. Larger motors
Answer: A
Explanation: VFDs adjust motor output as per demand.

50. Which body governs energy conservation law in India?

A. SEBI
B. BEE
C. TRAI
D. RBI
Answer: B
Explanation: BEE is responsible for implementing EC Act, 2001.

50 MCQs (51–100)* from mixed topics:

(Energy Efficiency, BEE Star Labeling, Energy Audit, Energy Management*—all included)

51. What does ISEER stand for?

A. Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating
B. International Standard Energy Evaluation Report
C. Industrial System Energy Efficiency Ratio
D. Indoor Summer Energy Evaluation Rating
Answer: A
Explanation: Used for rating split air conditioners based on seasonal performance.
52. Which device is best for detecting insulation faults in hot equipment?
A. Power logger
B. Thermographic camera
C. Wattmeter
D. Oscilloscope
Answer: B
Explanation: Thermographic cameras visualize heat leaks and insulation failures.

53. Which sector is targeted under PAT scheme?

A. Residential
B. Agriculture
C. Large industrial units
D. Small businesses
Answer: C
Explanation: PAT (Perform, Achieve, and Trade) applies to Designated Consumers in industries.

54. Which is *not* part of an energy audit report?

A. Load profile
B. Recommendations
C. Meteorological data
D. Payback analysis
Answer: C
Explanation: Meteorological data is not standard unless relevant to the process.

55. BEE was established under which act?

A. Factories Act
B. Electricity Act
C. Energy Conservation Act, 2001
D. Environment Protection Act
Answer: C
Explanation: BEE implements provisions under EC Act, 2001.
56. What is the full form of BLDC fan?
A. Bi-Level DC Fan
B. Brushless DC Fan
C. Bypass Line Direct Current Fan
D. Balanced Load DC Fan
Answer: B
Explanation: It has no brushes, hence higher efficiency and life.

57. In energy efficiency, what is “phantom load”?

A. Invisible energy savings
B. Load due to lighting
C. Standby power consumption
D. Hidden wiring loss
Answer: C
Explanation: Power drawn by devices even when “off” or in standby mode.

58. What is the primary function of a capacitor bank in an industrial setup?

A. Increase power
B. Improve power factor
C. Reduce voltage
D. Reduce speed
Answer: B
Explanation: It reduces reactive power and improves PF.

59. Which is a *behavioral* energy-saving approach?

A. Installing LEDs
B. Switching off unused devices
C. Using solar panels
D. Replacing motors
Answer: B
Explanation: Involves human actions, not hardware change.
60. Which is *not* an energy audit tool?
A. Lux meter
B. Power analyzer
C. Thermographic camera
D. Bunsen burner
Answer: D
Explanation: Others measure light, power, and temperature distribution.

61. EER = ?
A. Energy Enabling Ratio
B. Energy Efficiency Ratio = Cooling (BTU/hr) / Power Input (W)
C. Electrical Energy Requirement
D. Equipment Energy Result
Answer: B
Explanation: Higher EER = more efficient cooling device.

62. A star-labeled AC saves more energy by:

A. Running continuously
B. Running at low voltage
C. Consuming fewer units per hour
D. Shifting load
Answer: C
Explanation: Star-labeled appliances are tested for efficient operation.

63. Energy performance indicator (EnPI) is used in:

A. Landscaping
B. EMS
C. AC repair
D. Solar drying
Answer: B
Explanation: EnPIs help track performance in Energy Management Systems.
64. In PAT scheme, excess energy savings can be:
A. Wasted
B. Carried forward
C. Traded as ESCerts
D. Used for tax deduction
Answer: C
Explanation: ESCerts = Energy Saving Certificates.

65. What does RETScreen software do?

A. Manage payroll
B. Simulate renewable energy projects
C. Track attendance
D. Manage fuel billing
Answer: B
Explanation: It evaluates clean energy projects’ viability.

66. “Specific Energy Consumption” refers to:

A. Energy consumed per unit production
B. Energy consumed per square meter
C. Total energy cost
D. Hourly energy use
Answer: A
Explanation: Used for benchmarking industrial processes.

67. Which energy system uses feedback loops for efficiency?

A. Passive system
B. Manual lighting
C. EMS
D. Simple switches
Answer: C
Explanation: EMS collects data, analyses, and acts for efficiency.
68. Which is an example of process modification for energy savings?
A. Installing LED
B. Replacing fan blades
C. Changing drying method from electric to solar
D. Turning off lights
Answer: C
Explanation: Fundamental change to energy-intensive process.

69. Energy audits are classified into how many types?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: C
Explanation: Preliminary, Detailed, and Investment-grade.

70. Smart meters can measure:

A. Fuel consumption only
B. Real-time electricity usage
C. LPG usage
D. Fan speed
Answer: B
Explanation: Smart meters track time-based usage.

71. The EC Act mandates mandatory energy audits for:

A. Farmers
B. Households
C. Designated Consumers
D. NGOs
Answer: C
Explanation: DCs include cement, steel, fertilizer industries, etc.
72. An appliance rated at 1000W running for 10 hours consumes:
A. 1 kWh
B. 10 kWh
C. 0.1 kWh
D. 100 kWh
Answer: B
Explanation: Energy = Power × Time = 1 kW × 10 h = 10 kWh.

73. Load factor =

A. Max Load / Connected Load
B. Avg Load / Peak Load
C. Actual Energy / Max Possible Energy
D. Reactive Power / Real Power
Answer: C
Explanation: Shows how well capacity is used.

74. The aim of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) is:

A. Create more windows
B. Improve building aesthetics
C. Reduce energy use in buildings
D. Increase building costs
Answer: C
Explanation: ECBC applies to large commercial buildings.

75. In energy accounting, ‘base year’ refers to:

A. Future year
B. Year of highest profit
C. Starting reference year
D. Tax filing year
Answer: C
Explanation: Used for comparing improvements.
76. BEE star rating label includes:
A. Appliance weight
B. Energy consumption
C. Brand popularity
D. Refrigerant type
Answer: B
Explanation: Shows annual energy consumption and efficiency rating.

77. Which device converts light energy into electricity?

A. Thermocouple
B. Photovoltaic cell
C. Generator
D. Capacitor
Answer: B
Explanation: Solar PV converts solar radiation into power.

78. Efficient use of motor involves:

A. Overloading
B. Undersizing
C. Proper sizing and maintenance
D. Using DC in place of AC
Answer: C
Explanation: Right-sized motors operate closer to optimal efficiency.

79. Power factor value of unity indicates:

A. 100% real power use
B. 100% reactive power
C. 0 power
D. Infinite energy
Answer: A
Explanation: All power is effectively used without reactive losses.
80. Which of the following contributes *least* to lighting efficiency?
A. Reflectors
B. Daylight sensors
C. Dirty lamps
D. LED retrofit
Answer: C
Explanation: Dirty lamps reduce light output.

81. The main loss in conventional transformers is:

A. Electromagnetic noise
B. Windage
C. Core and copper loss
D. Solar gain
Answer: C
Explanation: Both are dominant electrical losses.

82. In ESCerts, one certificate equals:

A. 1 MJ
B. 1 tonne CO₂
C. 1 MWh of saved energy
D. 1 kW peak demand
Answer: C
Explanation: 1 ESCert = 1 MWh of certified savings.

83. Which sector is growing fastest in energy consumption?

A. Industrial
B. Transport
C. Residential
D. Commercial
Answer: D
Explanation: Commercial sector’s energy use is rising rapidly.
84. Star rating on a refrigerator mainly depends on:
A. Cooling speed
B. Compressor size
C. Annual energy consumption
D. Size of freezer
Answer: C
Explanation: Lower kWh/year = higher star rating.

85. Which lighting system is most efficient?

A. Incandescent
B. Halogen
C. CFL
D. LED
Answer: D
Explanation: LEDs offer high lumens/watt with long life.

86. Which indicator best shows energy performance in buildings?

A. Floor size
B. Power factor
C. kWh/m²/year
D. Voltage drop
Answer: C
Explanation: Energy consumption per area is standard benchmark.

87. What is the purpose of automatic power factor controllers (APFC)?

A. Improve voltage
B. Reduce frequency
C. Maintain PF close to 1
D. Reduce harmonics
Answer: C
Explanation: PF correction for efficient load management.
88. Which fuel has highest calorific value?
A. LPG
B. Diesel
C. Coal
D. Wood
Answer: A
Explanation: LPG has high energy per unit mass.

89. Which is an example of non-renewable energy?

A. Wind
B. Solar
C. Natural gas
D. Biogas
Answer: C
Explanation: Natural gas is finite and fossil-based.

90. The term “Demand Side Management” implies:

A. Increasing generation
B. Load shedding
C. Managing and reducing demand
D. Building more power plants
Answer: C
Explanation: Encourages efficient use and reduced demand.

91. Payback period < 1 year means:

A. Very costly project
B. Poor investment
C. Excellent return
D. Unsustainable
Answer: C
Explanation: Investment is recovered quickly from savings.
92. Which of the following has highest standby power loss?
A. LED bulb
B. Microwave oven (plugged in, off)
C. Ceiling fan
D. Tube light
Answer: B
Explanation: Microwaves consume significant power in idle mode.

93. Which energy policy goal is *not* of BEE?

A. Improve access to rural energy
B. Improve efficiency
C. Promote energy saving
D. Provide electricity subsidy
Answer: D
Explanation: Subsidy is government’s financial policy, not BEE’s role.

94. Heat losses in piping systems are reduced by:

A. Painting
B. Thick insulation
C. Removing joints
D. Increasing diameter
Answer: B
Explanation: Insulation minimizes conductive and convective losses.

95. Load shedding is caused due to:

A. Low efficiency
B. Equipment upgrade
C. Supply-demand mismatch
D. Transmission loss
Answer: C
Explanation: Demand exceeds available supply.
96. Major saving in air compressors is achieved by:
A. Over-pressurization
B. Leak prevention
C. Running continuously
D. Increasing fan speed
Answer: B
Explanation: Leaks waste energy significantly.

97. What does BEE stand for?

A. Bureau of Energy Enterprises
B. Bureau of Environmental Efficiency
C. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
D. Bio-Energy Establishment
Answer: C
Explanation: Nodal agency under EC Act, 2001.

98. Which of these does *not* influence lighting energy use?

A. Glazing
B. Occupancy sensors
C. Dimmers
D. Exhaust fans
Answer: D
Explanation: Exhaust fans have no role in lighting energy.

99. What is the benefit of load scheduling in industries?

A. More downtime
B. Energy cost saving
C. Overheating
D. More staff
Answer: B
Explanation: Helps avoid peak tariffs and optimize operations.
100. Who issues ESCerts in India?
A. RBI
B. MNRE
C. CERC
D. BEE
Answer: C
Explanation: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission manages trading and issue.